SPECIFICATIONS

Value 1: Units: Value 2:

Biodiesel to be produced 50000 tonnes/year -
Composition: 96 wt% (Biodiesel) 48000
4 wt% (other compounds) 2000
Operating Hours: 8000 hours -
6060.327
6312.841 kg/h
Biodiesel Product required: 252.5136

Relative Atomic/Molecular Masses of Compounds and Elements

Name: Element Formula: RAM: Units:
Carbon C 12.011 kg/kmol
Hydrogen H 1.008 kg/kmol
Oxygen O 15.999 kg/kmol
Nitrogen N 14.007 kg/kmol
900 Linoleic acid (18:2) C18H32O2 280.452 kg/kmol
895 oleic acid C18H34O2 282.468 kg/kmol
853 Palmitic acid C16H32O2 256.430 kg/kmol
900 Linoleic acid (18:3) C18H30O2 278.436 kg/kmol
941 Steric acid (18:0) C18H36O2 284.484 kg/kmol
Free fatty acid 278.040 kg/kmol
Triglyceride 872.169 kg/kmol
Biodiesel 292.040 kg/kmol

54% linoleic acid (18:2), 23% oleic acid (18:1), 11% palmitic a
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/soybean-oil#:~:t
 Useful Unit Conversion Values
Units: Unit change +, -, /, *
- [K] to [°C] -
tonnes/year atm to bar *
tonnes/year Torr to bar *
- mm Hg to bar *
kg/h (Biodiesel) bar to Pa *
kg/h (other compounds) tonne to kg *

895.32

1), 11% palmitic acid (16:0), 8% linolenic acid (18:3), and 4% steric acid (18:
ciences/soybean-oil#:~:text=Regular%20soy%20oil%20contains%20approximately,but%20shows%20poor%20
ersion Values
Value
273
1.01325
0.001333
0.001333
1.00E+05
1000

% steric acid (18:0).

ut%20shows%20poor%20oxidative%20stability.
Mass Balance in the Reactor:

Basis: 8.020275264 kmole/h of Trigliceride fed to the

Chemical reactions occuring within the reactor

Triglyceride + 3 methanol ------> 3 biodiesel + glycerol
872 + 3 x 32 ---------- 3 x 292 + 92
872 + 96 ------------------- 876 + 92
968 -----------------------------968

Triglyceride + 3 sodium hydroxide -------> glycerol + 3 soap

872 + 3 x 40 -------------------- 92 + 3 x 300
872 + 120 -------------------------92 + 900
992 ----------------------------------992

Methanol : Oil = 6
NAOH: Triglyceride = 1

Inlet (10 kmol/h)

Component Flow Unit

Triglyceride 8.020275264 kmol/hr

Methanol 48.121651584 kmol/hr
Sodium Hydroxide 8.020275264 kmol/hr
Biodiesel (FAME) 0 kmol/hr

Glycerol 0 kmol/hr

Free Fatty acid 0.1010554683264 kmol/hr

Soap 0 kmol/hr

Yield of the process =

Conversion of Triglyceride =

Selectivity for 1st reaction ξ1=

Selectivity for 2nd reaction ξ2=

Selectivity of methanol to selectivity of NaOH =

For 1st reaction equation,

Triglyceride consumed =
Methanol consumed =
Biodiesel formed =
Glycerol formed =

For 2nd reaction equation,

Triglyceride consumed =
NaOH consumed =

Glycerol formed =
Soap formed =

Unreacted Triglyceride =
Unreacted Methanol =
Unreacted NaOH =

Total biodiesel formed =

Total glycerol formed =
Total Soap formed =

Outlet
Componet Flow Unit
Triglyceride 0.20 Kmol/hr
Methanol 27.573706357632 Kmol/hr
Sodium Hydroxide 5.108915343168 Kmol/hr
Biodiesel (FAME) 20.547945226368 Kmol/hr
Glycerol 7.8197683824 Kmol/hr
Free Fatty Acid 0.1010554683264 Kmol/hr
Soap 2.911359920832 Kmol/hr

Reactor 2 - (10 kmol/h basis)

Component molecular mass

Triglyceride 872.000
Methanol 32.000
Sodium hydroxide 40.000
Free Fatty acid 278.000
Soap 300.000
Biodiesel 292.000
Glycerol 92
Total
 SPECIFICATIONS
Value 1:
Biodiesel to be produced 50,000
Composition: 96
4
Operating Hours: 8000
Biodiesel Product required: 6250

Scale factor = 0.9999999989834

Scale factor = 0.8020275264
of Trigliceride fed to the reactor

1st reaction, ξ1=

2nd reaction, ξ2=

0.854
97.50%

0.8758974359
0.1241025641

7.05785123967

6.84931507546 kmol/hr
20.5479452264 kmol/hr
20.5479452264 kmol/hr
6.84931507546

0.97045330694 kmol/hr
2.91135992083 kmol/hr

0.97045330694 kmol/hr
2.91135992083 kmol/hr

0.2005068816 kmol/hr
27.5737063576 kmol/hr
5.10891534317 kmol/hr

20.5479452264 kmol/hr
7.8197683824 kmol/hr
2.91135992083 kmol/hr

Inlet (Feedstock) Outlet

Inlet (Feedstock) kg/h wt% kmol/h kg/h

8.020 6993.680 78.74% 0.201 174.842

48.122 1539.893 17.34% 27.574 882.359
8.020 320.811 3.61% 5.109 204.357
0.101 28.093 0.32% 0.101 28.093
0.000 0.000 0.00% 2.911 873.408
0.000 0.000 0.00% 20.548 6000.000
0.000 0.000 0.00% 7.820 719.419
64.263 8882.477 100.00% 64.263 8882.477
 Units: Value 2: Units:
tonnes/year - -
wt% (Biodiesel) 48,000 tonnes/year
wt% (other compounds) 2,000 tonnes/year
hours 6 tonnes/hour
kg/h 6000 kg/h (Biodiesel)
kg/h
250(other compounds)
 Inlet (10 kmol/h)
Component Flow Unit
Triglyceride 8.020 kmol/hr
Methanol 48.122 kmol/hr
Sodium Hydroxide 8.020 kmol/hr
Biodiesel (FAME) 0.000 kmol/hr
Glycerol 0.000 kmol/hr
Free Fatty acid 0.101 kmol/hr
Soap 0.000 kmol/hr
Outlet

wt%

1.97%
9.93%
2.30%
0.00%
9.83%
67.55%
8.10%
100%
 Table 9.5.
In (=4) Out (=5) Check
7497 7681 Warning
If there is large deviation this cell will say "Warning"

Outlet
Componet Flow Unit
Triglyceride -1.73 Kmol/hr
Methanol 22.501651584 Kmol/hr
Sodium Hydroxide 4.390275264 Kmol/hr
Biodiesel (FAME) 25.62 Kmol/hr
Glycerol 12.17 Kmol/hr
Free Fatty Acid 0.101 Kmol/hr
Soap 3.63 Kmol/hr

SPECIFICATIONS
Value 1: Units:
Biodiesel to be produced 50000 tonnes/year
Composition: 96 wt% (Biodiesel)

4 wt% (other compounds)

Operating Hours: 8000 hours

Biodiesel Product required: 6312.841 kg/h

6250

Relative Atomic/Molecular Masses of Compounds and Elements

Name: Element Formula: RAM:

Carbon C 12.011
Hydrogen H 1.008
Oxygen O 15.999
Nitrogen N 14.007
Linoleic acid (18:2) C18H32O2 280.452
oleic acid C18H34O2 282.468
Palmitic acid C16H32O2 256.430
 Linoleic acid (18:3) C18H30O2 278.436
Steric acid (18:0) C18H36O2 284.484
Free fatty acid 278.040
Triglyceride 872.169
Biodiesel 292.040

Useful Unit Conversion Values

Unit change +, -, /, * Value
[K] to [°C] - 273
atm to bar * 1.01325
Torr to bar * 0.0013332
mm Hg to bar * 0.0013332
bar to Pa * 1.00E+05
tonne to kg * 1000

54% linoleic acid (18:2), 23% oleic acid (18:1), 11% palmitic a
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/soybean-oil#:~:
 Value 2: Units:
- -
48000 tonnes/year Reactor 2 - (10 kmol/h basis)

2000 tonnes/year Component

6.25 tonnes/hour Triglyceride

6060.3274 kg/h (Biodiesel) Methanol
252.51364kg/h (other compounds) Sodium hydroxide
Free Fatty acid
Soap
Biodiesel
lements Glycerol

Units: Reactor condition Total

kg/kmol
kg/kmol
kg/kmol
kg/kmol 60 degrees celcius , Catalyst is NaOH , Methanol used is 100% pure
kg/kmol Triglyceride is from soybean oil and the FFA% content in the soybean is 1.26%
kg/kmol The Ratio of methanol:oil is 6:1 and NaOH
kg/kmol
 kg/kmol
kg/kmol
kg/kmol
kg/kmol
kg/kmol

, 11% palmitic acid (16:0), 8% linolenic acid (18:3), and 4% steric acid (18:0
ences/soybean-oil#:~:text=Regular%20soy%20oil%20contains%20approximately,but%20shows%20poor%20o
 Inlet (Feedstock) Outlet

molecular mass Inlet (Feedstock) kg/h wt% kmol/h

872.169 8.020 6995.033 79% -1.730

32.042 48.122 1541.914 17% 22.502
39.997 8.020 320.787 4% 4.390
278.040 0.101 28.097 0% 0.000
306.466 0.000 0.000 0% 3.630
292.040 0.000 0.000 0% 25.620
92.09382 0.000 0.000 0% 12.170
64.263 8885.831 100% 66.582

ol used is 100% pure Reactor

nt in the soybean is 1.26%
 Process 1 - Reactor: ξ1 and ξ2 calculations:

ξ1 + ξ2 = 10 * X (Methanol)
ξ1 / ξ2 = S (Methanal) / S (Carbon M

nd 4% steric acid (18:0).

ately,but%20shows%20poor%20oxidative%20stability.
 kg/h wt%

-1508.612 -17%
720.998 8% Scale Factor 0.844
175.598 2%
0.000 0%
1112.472 12%
7482.062 82%
1120.782 12%
9103.299 1.000

Temperature 333 K 333 °C

Pressure 1 atm 0 bar
X (Methanol) 0.975 - 97 %
S (Methanal) 0.88 - 92 %
 S (CO) 0.12 - 8 %
Yield 0.854 - 85% %
Reaction Sele 7.06 - - -
ξ1 8.54 kmol/h - -
ξ2 1.21 kmol/h - -
oil/methanol rati 1:06 - - -
kmol/h basis (oil 10 kmol/h - -

ξ1 and ξ2 calculations:

0 * X (Methanol) 9.75
2 = S (Methanal) / S (Carbon Monoxide) 7.06
Reactor 2 - (scaled up) Inlet (Feedstock) Outlet (to the centrifuge)
molecular
Component Inlet (Feedstock) kg/h wt% kmol/h
mass
Triglyceride 872.169 6.767 5901.920 79% -1.459
Methanol 32.042 40.602 1300.959 17% 18.985
Sodium hydroxide 39.997 6.767 270.658 4% 3.704
Free Fatty acid 278.040 0.085 23.707 0% 0.000
Soap 306.466 0.000 0.000 0% 3.063
Biodiesel 292.040 0.000 0.000 0% 21.616
Glycerol 92.09382 0.000 0.000 0% 10.268
Total 54.221 7497.243 100% 56.177
 7.3333333
7.0578512
0.8758974
0.1241026
7.0578512
utlet (to the centrifuge)

kg/h wt%

-1272.861 -17%
608.328 8%
148.157 2%
0.000 0%
938.626 12%
6312.841 82%
945.637 12%
7680.728 100%
Reference state: 298 K
Assumptions
Theres so many forms of ffa so you can assume one ffa and say that it is 100% so
In this approach, we will assume there is 100% oleic acid as the free fatty acid
Follow the same approach for soap
We will also assume that soap is 100% stearic acid

Inlet
Flowrate ni hform cp T
Component Kmol/h kj/kmol kj/kmol K K
Triglyceride 6.766948 -591200 1485.3 333
Methanol 40.60169 -201300 81.2 333
Sodium Hydroxide 6.766948 -416880 59.52 333
Free fatty acids 0.085264 -711000 577.995 333
Soap 0 -891000 501.55 333
Biodiesel 0 -1173426 623.2 333
Glycerol 0 -585310 218.9 333
Total 54.22085
Hin

Key
Refrence temperature
Numbers from another page
Calculated using assumption from assumption sheet
data from literature
Calculated cell
Title cell with information
Information cell

Refrences Component
cp values found from reseaTriglycerid Viscosity and Specific Heat of Vegetable Oils as a Fun
Methanol Eng toolbox
NaOH https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C1310732
FFA http://www.sjlipids.com/c181.htm
Soap https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C57114&M
Biodiesel https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC58466
Glycerol https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C56815&M
 Component
hform Triglycerid Microsoft Word - Printed in Italy by.doc (aidic.it)
Methanol Eng toolbox
NaOH https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C1310732
FFA (PDF) A First Law Thermodynamic Analysis of Biodies
Soap https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C57114&M
Biodiesel https://doi.org/10.1080/10942910701586273
say that it is 100% so
the free fatty acid

nlet
T* ni x hform ni x cp x (T-T*)
K kj/h kj/h Component
298 -4000619.5793 351783.168373 Triglyceride
298 -8173119.6345 115389.995039 Methanol
298 -2821005.2271 14096.9057979 Sodium Hydroxide
298 -60622.379167 1724.86655644 Free fatty acids
298 0 0 Soap
298 0 0 Biodiesel
298 0 0 Glycerol
-15055366.82 482994.935766 Total
-14572371.8843301

Q -23445224.458 kJ/h
Q -6512.5623495 KJ/s
Q -6512.5623495 KW

Heat of Vegetable Oils as a Function of Temperature: 35°C to 180°C (tandfonline.com)

ov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C1310732&Mask=2
m/c181.htm
ov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C57114&Mask=2
ih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5846632/#:~:text=The%20relevant%20parameters%20are%3A%20boiling,2771%20so
ov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C56815&Mask=2
d in Italy by.doc (aidic.it)

ov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C1310732&Mask=2
modynamic Analysis of Biodiesel Production From Soybean (researchgate.net)
Determination of Enthalpies of Formation of Fatt
ov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C57114&Mask=2
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1468087415576609
 outlet
Flowrate ni hform cp T T* ni x hform
Kmol/h kj/kmol kj/kmol K K K
-1.459421 -591200 1485.3 333 298 862809.619114
18.98532 -201300 81.2 333 298 -3821745.18781
3.704208 -416880 59.52 333 298 -1544210.02525
0 -711000 577.995 333 298 0
3.06274 -891000 501.55 333 298 -2728901.66189
21.61637 -1173426 623.2 333 298 -25365205.7204
10.2682 -585310 218.9 333 298 -6010077.59382
56.17741 -38607330.5701
Hout -38017596.3424315

3A%20boiling,2771%20soy%20biodiesel%20%5B11%5D).
pies of Formation of Fatty Acids and Esters by Density Functional Theory Calculations with an Empirical Correct
 ni x cp x (T-T*)

-75868.723705053
53956.2832774292
7716.6050772651
0
53764.1099867299
471496.172040978
78669.7809452287
589734.227622579
-38017596.3424315
ulations with an Empirical Correction | Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (acs.org)
Mass Balance in the Reactor:

Basis: 8.020275264 kmole/h of Trigliceride fed to the reactor

Chemical reactions occuring within the reactor

Triglyceride + 3 methanol ------> 3 biodiesel + glycerol
872 + 3 x 32 ---------- 3 x 292 + 92
872 + 96 ------------------- 876 + 92
968 -----------------------------968

Triglyceride + 3 sodium hydroxide -------> glycerol + 3 soap

872 + 3 x 40 -------------------- 92 + 3 x 300
872 + 120 -------------------------92 + 900
992 ----------------------------------992

Methanol : Oil = 6
NAOH: Triglyceride = 1

Inlet (10 kmol/h)

Component Flow Unit
Triglyceride 8.020275264 kmol/hr
Methanol 48.121651584 kmol/hr
Sodium Hydroxide 8.020275264 kmol/hr
Biodiesel (FAME) 0 kmol/hr
Glycerol 0 kmol/hr
Free Fatty acid 0.1010554683264 kmol/hr
Soap 0 kmol/hr

Yield of the process = 0.854

Conversion of Triglyceride = 97.50%

Selectivity for 1st reaction ξ1= 0.8758974359

Selectivity for 2nd reaction ξ2= 0.1241025641

Selectivity of methanol to selectivity of NaOH 7.05785123967

For 1st reaction equation,

Triglyceride consumed = 6.84931507546

Methanol consumed = 20.5479452264

Biodiesel formed = 20.5479452264

Glycerol formed = 6.84931507546
For 2nd reaction equation,

Triglyceride consumed = 0.97045330694

NaOH consumed = 2.91135992083

Glycerol formed = 0.97045330694

Soap formed = 2.91135992083

Unreacted Triglyceride = 0.2005068816

Unreacted Methanol = 27.5737063576
Unreacted NaOH = 5.10891534317

Total biodiesel formed = 20.5479452264

Total glycerol formed = 7.8197683824
Total Soap formed = 2.91135992083

Outlet
Componet Flow Unit
Triglyceride 0.20 Kmol/hr
Methanol 27.573706357632 Kmol/hr
Sodium Hydroxide 5.108915343168 Kmol/hr
Biodiesel (FAME) 20.547945226368 Kmol/hr
Glycerol 7.8197683824 Kmol/hr
Free Fatty Acid 0.1010554683264 Kmol/hr
Soap 2.911359920832 Kmol/hr

Reactor 2 Inlet (Feedstock)

molecular
Component Inlet (Feedstock)
mass
Triglyceride 872.000 8.020
Methanol 32.000 48.122
Sodium hydroxide 40.000 8.020
Free Fatty acid 278.000 0.101
Soap 300.000 0.000
Biodiesel 292.000 0.000
Glycerol 92 0.000
Total 64.263

SPECIFICATIONS
Value 1: Units:
Biodiesel to be produced 50,000 tonnes/year
Composition: 96 wt% (Biodiesel)
4 wt% (other compounds)
Operating Hours: 8000 hours
Biodiesel Product required: 6250 kg/h

Scale factor = 0.9999999989834

Scale factor = 0.8020275264
ride fed to the reactor

1st reaction, ξ1=

2nd reaction, ξ2=

kmol/hr
kmol/hr

kmol/hr
 kmol/hr
kmol/hr

kmol/hr
kmol/hr

kmol/hr
kmol/hr
kmol/hr

kmol/hr
kmol/hr
kmol/hr

Inlet (Feedstock) Outlet

kg/h wt% kmol/h kg/h wt%

6993.680 78.74% 0.201 174.842 1.97%

1539.893 17.34% 27.574 882.359 9.93%
320.811 3.61% 5.109 204.357 2.30%
28.093 0.32% 0.101 28.093 0.00%
0.000 0.00% 2.911 873.408 9.83%
0.000 0.00% 20.548 6000.000 67.55%
0.000 0.00% 7.820 719.419 8.10%
8882.477 100% 64.263 8882.477 100%

Value 2: Units:
- -
 48,000 tonnes/year
compounds) 2,000 tonnes/year
6tonnes/hour
6000kg/h (Biodiesel)
kg/h
250
(other compounds)
Reference state: 298 K
Assumptions
Theres so many forms of ffa so you can assume one ffa and say that it is 100% so
In this approach, we will assume there is 100% oleic acid as the free fatty acid
Follow the same approach for soap
We will also assume that soap is 100% stearic acid

Inlet
Flowrate ni hform cp T T* ni x hform ni x cp x (T-T*)
Component Kmol/h kj/kmol kj/kmol K K K kj/h kj/h
Triglyceride 8.020 -591200 1485.3 333 298 -4741587 416938
Methanol 48.122 -201300 81.2 333 298 -9686888 136761.7
Sodium Hyd 8.020 -416880 59.52 333 298 -3343492 16707.84
Free fatty 0.101 -711000 577.995 333 298 -71850.44 2044.334
Soap 0.000 -891000 501.55 333 298 0 0
Biodiesel 0.000 -1173426 623.2 333 298 0 0
Glycerol 0.000 -585310 218.9 333 298 0 0
Total 64.26326 -17843818 572451.9
Hin -17271366.0645645

Key
Refrence temperature
Numbers from another page Q -21221234 kJ/h
Calculated using assumption from assumption sheet Q -5894.787 KJ/s
data from literature Q -5894.787 KW
Calculated cell
Title cell with information
Information cell
 outlet
x cp x (T-T*) Flowrate ni hform cp T T* ni x hform
Component Kmol/h kj/kmol kj/kmol K K K
Triglyceride 0.201 -591200 1485.3 333 298 -118540
Methanol 27.574 -201300 81.2 333 298 -5550587
Sodium Hyd 5.109 -416880 59.52 333 298 -2129805
Free fatty 0.101 -711000 577.995 333 298 -71850.44
Soap 2.911 -891000 501.55 333 298 -2594022
Biodiesel 20.548 -1173426 623.2 333 298-24111493
Glycerol 7.820 -585310 218.9 333 298 -4576989
Total 64.26326 -39153285
Hout -38492600.4935194
 ni x cp x (T-T*)

10423.45
78364.47
10642.89
2044.334
51106.74
448191.8
59911.16
660684.8
38492600.4935194
Mass Balance in the Reactor:

Basis: 8.020275264 kmole/h of Trigliceride fed to the reactor

Chemical reactions occuring within the reactor

Triglyceride + 3 methanol ------> 3 biodiesel + glycerol
872 + 3 x 32 ---------- 3 x 292 + 92
872 + 96 ------------------- 876 + 92
968 -----------------------------968

Triglyceride + 3 sodium hydroxide -------> glycerol + 3 soap

872 + 3 x 40 -------------------- 92 + 3 x 300
872 + 120 -------------------------92 + 900
992 ----------------------------------992

Methanol : Oil = 6
NAOH: Triglyceride = 1

Inlet (10 kmol/h)

Component Flow Unit
Triglyceride 8.020275264 kmol/hr
Methanol 48.121651584 kmol/hr
Sodium Hydroxide 8.020275264 kmol/hr
Biodiesel (FAME) 0 kmol/hr
Glycerol 0 kmol/hr
Free Fatty acid 0.1010554683264 kmol/hr
Soap 0 kmol/hr

Yield of the process = 0.854

Conversion of Triglyceride = 97.50%

Selectivity for 1st reaction ξ1= 0.8758974359

Selectivity for 2nd reaction ξ2= 0.1241025641

Selectivity of methanol to selectivity of NaOH 7.05785123967

For 1st reaction equation,

Triglyceride consumed = 6.84931507546

Methanol consumed = 20.5479452264
Biodiesel formed = 20.5479452264
Glycerol formed = 6.84931507546

For 2nd reaction equation,

Triglyceride consumed = 0.97045330694

NaOH consumed = 2.91135992083

Glycerol formed = 0.97045330694

Soap formed = 2.91135992083

Unreacted Triglyceride = 0.2005068816

Unreacted Methanol = 27.5737063576
Unreacted NaOH = 5.10891534317

Total biodiesel formed = 20.5479452264

Total glycerol formed = 7.8197683824
Total Soap formed = 2.91135992083

Outlet
Componet Flow Unit
Triglyceride 0.20 Kmol/hr
Methanol 27.573706357632 Kmol/hr
Sodium Hydroxide 5.108915343168 Kmol/hr
Biodiesel (FAME) 20.547945226368 Kmol/hr
Glycerol 7.8197683824 Kmol/hr
Free Fatty Acid 0.1010554683264 Kmol/hr
Soap 2.911359920832 Kmol/hr

Reactor 2 Inlet (Feedstock)

molecular
Component Inlet (Feedstock)
mass
Triglyceride 872.000 8.020
Methanol 32.000 48.122
Sodium hydroxide 40.000 8.020
Free Fatty acid 278.000 0.101
Soap 300.000 0.000
Biodiesel 292.000 0.000
Glycerol 92 0.000
Total 64.263

SPECIFICATIONS
 Value 1: Units:
Biodiesel to be produced 50,000 tonnes/year
Composition: 96 wt% (Biodiesel)
4 wt% (other compounds)
Operating Hours: 8000 hours
Biodiesel Product required: 6250 kg/h

Scale factor = 0.9999999989834

Scale factor = 0.8020275264
ride fed to the reactor

1st reaction, ξ1=

2nd reaction, ξ2=

kmol/hr
kmol/hr
 kmol/hr

kmol/hr
kmol/hr

kmol/hr
kmol/hr

kmol/hr
kmol/hr
kmol/hr

kmol/hr
kmol/hr
kmol/hr

Inlet (Feedstock) Outlet

kg/h wt% kmol/h kg/h wt%

6993.680 78.74% 0.201 174.842 1.97%

1539.893 17.34% 27.574 882.359 9.93%
320.811 3.61% 5.109 204.357 2.30%
28.093 0.32% 0.101 28.093 0.00%
0.000 0.00% 2.911 873.408 9.83%
0.000 0.00% 20.548 6000.000 67.55%
0.000 0.00% 7.820 719.419 8.10%
8882.477 100% 64.263 8882.477 100%
 Value 2: Units:
- -
48,000 tonnes/year
compounds) 2,000 tonnes/year
6tonnes/hour
6000kg/h (Biodiesel)
kg/h
250
(other compounds)
Energy Balance in the Reactor:

Reference state: 298 K

Assumptions
Theres so many forms of ffa so you can assume one ffa and say that it is 100% so
In this approach, we will assume there is 100% oleic acid as the free fatty acid
Follow the same approach for soap
We will also assume that soap is 100% stearic acid

Inlet

Flowrate ni hform CP T T*

Component Kmol/h kJ/kmol kJ/kmol K K K

Triglyceride 8.020 -591200 1485.3 333 298
Methanol 48.122 -201300 81.2 333 298
Sodium Hydroxide 8.020 -416880 59.52 333 298
Free fatty acids 0.101 -711000 577.995 333 298
Soap 0.000 -891000 501.55 333 298
Biodiesel 0.000 -1173426 623.2 333 298
Glycerol 0.000 -585310 218.9 333 298
Total 64.263258
Hin = Q1+Q2 =

Key
Refrence temperature
Numbers from another page Net heat evolved in
Calculated using assumption from assumption sheet Net heat evolved in
data from literature Net energy flow rate
Calculated cell
Title cell with information
Information cell

Reactor Design Calculations:

Considering 1st order reaction,
 At t = 6.2
372

As = 0.3

So = 0.3

and K = 0.165

CA0 = 0.293255132

As Conversion X =

So CA = CA0 (1-X) = 0.007331378

Reaction time τ = 120

Reaction time τ = 7200

Reactor 2 Inlet (Feedstock)

 molecular
Component Inlet (Feedstock) kg/h Wt%
mass

Triglyceride 872.000 8.020 6993.680 78.74%

Methanol 32.000 48.122 1539.893 17.34%
Sodium hydroxide 40.000 8.020 320.811 3.61%
Free Fatty acid 278.000 0.101 28.093 0.32%
Soap 300.000 0.000 0.000 0.00%
Biodiesel 292.000 0.000 0.000 0.00%
Glycerol 92 0.000 0.000 0.00%
Total 64.263 8882.477 100.00%

54% linoleic acid (18:2), 23% oleic acid (18:1), 11% palmitic acid (16:
Volumetric Flow rate of feed = mass flow rate of feed/density of feed

Volumetric Flow rate of feed = 9.94

Volumetric Flow rate of feed = 0.002760466

Volume of reaction mixture in the reactor = 19.88

Assume that extra spcae above the reaction mixture = 50%

Volume of Reactor, VR = 29.81

Taking a cylindrical shaped reactor wih H/D = 1.5

H= 1.5 D

General formula for volume of a cylinder is given by;

V = π/4 x D2 x L
As we have assumed shape of the reactor as cylindrical, so
Volume of Reactor, VR = π/4 x D2 x H
As H= 1.5D
Volume of Reactor, VR = π/4 x D2 x 1.5D
Volume of Reactor, VR = 1.5π/4 x D3

D= (4VR/1.5/π)1/3

Diameter of the reactor, D = 2.94 m

Height of the reactor, H = 4.40 m

 outlet

Q2
Q1 = ni x hform Flowrate ni hform
= ni x cp x (T-T*)

kJ/h kJ/h Component Kmol/h kj/kmol

-4741586.74 416938.01974 Triglyceride 0.201 -591200
-9686888.46 136761.7338 Methanol 27.574 -201300
-3343492.35 16707.83743 Sodium Hyd 5.109 -416880
-71850.438 2044.3344395 Free fatty 0.101 -711000
0 0 Soap 2.911 -891000
0 0 Biodiesel 20.548 -1173426
0 0 Glycerol 7.820 -585310
-17843818 572451.92541 Total 64.26326
-17271366.0645645 Hout = Q1+Q2 =

Net heat evolved in the reactor per hour = Qnet = Hout-Hin = -21221234.4289549
Net heat evolved in the reactor per second = -5894.78734137635
Net energy flow rate evolved in the reactor = -5894.78734137635
 minutes
s

L/mole/min

moles/L

0.975

moles/L

minutes
s

(Feedstock) Triglyceride Density Calc

 Density m3/h Components

895 7.811 density of linoleic acid

792.000 1.944 density of loleic acid
2130.000 0.151 density of palmitic acid
895.320 0.031 density of linolenic acid
- density of steric acid
- Density of Triglyceride
-
9.94

almitic acid (16:0), 8% linolenic acid (18:3), and 4% steric acid (18:0).

m3/h
m3/s

m3

m3
 outlet

Q2
CP T T* Q1 = ni x hform
= ni x cp x (T-T*)

kj/kmol K K K
1485.3 333 298 -118539.668 10423.450493
81.2 333 298 -5550587.09 78364.473468
59.52 333 298 -2129804.63 10642.892443
577.995 333 298 -71850.438 2044.3344395
501.55 333 298 -2594021.69 51106.73989
623.2 333 298 -24111493.2 448191.78128
218.9 333 298 -4576988.63 59911.155462
-39153285.3 660684.82747
ut = Q1+Q2 = -38492600.4935194

kJ/h
KJ/s
KW
lyceride Density Calculations
 Density Density
%age
kg/m3 contribution

900 54% 486

895 23% 205.85
853 11% 93.83
900 8% 72
941 4% 37.64
895.32 kg/m3

cid (18:0).