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Caesar for not reading the "schedule"

handed over by Artemidorus. Which trait of
hispersonality is revealed by his act?
Answer: Caesar gives two reasons for not
reading Artemidorus' schedule: he states
that "What touches us ourself shall be last
served" indicating that he prioritizes the
needs of others over his own. Secondly, he
dismisses Artemidorus by asking, "What, is
the fellow mad?" which suggests that he
does not take the warning seriously. This act
reveals Caesar's arrogance and his sense of
invulnerability, a fatal flawthat leads to his
downfall.

(V) Name two people inthe scene who are

tryingto warn Caesar. Name two other
people who defeat their efforts to do so.
Which theme of the play is highlighted
here? Explain it briefly.

Answer: Two people trying to warn Caesar

are the Soothsayer and Artemidorus. The
efforts to warn Caesar are defeated by
Decius,who distracts Caesar with a request
from Trebonius, and by Caesar himself, who
dismisses Artemidorus' warning. The theme
highlighted here is fate versus free wil.
Despite multiple warnings,Caesar's refusal
to heed them demonstrates the tension
between destiny and human action,
suggesting that his fate was sealed by his
own choices and arroaance.
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2.Cassius
Casca, be sudden, for we fear prevention.
Brutus, what shall be done? If this be
known,
Cassius or Caesar never shall turn back,
For I willslay myself.
Brutus
Cassius, be constant.
Popilius Lenaspeaks not of our purposes;
For, look, he smiles, and Caesar doth not
change
() "Ifthis be known-What does this" refer
to? If it would be known what could
happen?

Answer: "This" refers tothe conspiracy to

assassinate Julius Caesar. Cassius fears that
if their plan is discovered before they can
act, they would fail, and the conspirators
might be apprehended or killed. He even
states that if their plot is revealed, he will kill
himself.

(i) What duty is assigned to Casca? Why

should he be "sudden"?

Answer: Casca is assigned the task of

striking the first blow in Caesar's
assassination. He must be "sudden"to
ensure that the attack is swift and
unexpected, preventing any chance of
intervention that could foil their plan.
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(ii) What has Popilius Lena said and done

which makes Cassius to fear? What did they
think that Lena was saying? How does
Brutus show them that there is nothing to
fear?

Answer: Popilius Lena wishes Cassius well

and expresses hope that their 'enterprise"
will succeed, which alarms Cassius because
it suggests that Lena knows about the
conspiracy. Cassius fears that their plan has
been discovered. Brutus reassures Cassius
by pointing out that Popilius Lena is smiling
and talkingto Caesar without any change in
Caesar's demeanor, indicating that their plot
has not been revealed.

(iv) What was the task assigned to

Trebonius? What petition did Metellus
Cimber present to Caesar? In what way did
he flatter Caesar?

Answer: Trebonius's task was to keep Mark

Antony away from the Senate House,
ensuring that Antony could not intervene in
the assassination. Metellus Cimber
presented apetition to Caesar to revoke the
banishment of his brother, Publius Cimber.
He flattered Caesar by kneeling and
addressing him with exaggerated respect,
referring to him as "Most high, most mighty,
and most puissant Caesar"
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(v) Give two of the arguments given by

Caesar toreject the petition made bry
Metellus. Which trait of Caesar's character is
highlighted in these arguments?

Answer: Caesar rejected the petition by

stating:
That he is as "constant as the Northern Star"
implying that he is firm and unchangeable
in his decisions.
"That he will not be swayed by flattery or
supplication, as these tactics might
influence weaker men but not him.

These arguments highlight Caesar's traits of

unwavering resolve and pride,
demonstrating his belief in his own
authority and constancy.
3.Caesar
But Iamconstant as the northern star,
Of whose true-fixd and resting quality
There is no fellow in the firmament
The skies are painted with unnumberd
sparks
They are all fire and every one doth shine.
But there's but one in all doth hold his place
So in the world; tis furnishd well with men,

(i) What is the "northern star"? Give the

meaning of: "ofwhose true-fixd and resting
quality/ There is no fellow in the firmament.:"
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) VvnaL Is Lne nortnern star oIVe tne
meaningof: "Of whose true-fix'd and resting
quality/There is no fellow in the firmament."
Answer: The "northern star" refers to the
Pole Star, which is known for its constancy
in the night sky, always remaining fixed in its
position while other stars appear to move.
When Caesar says, "Of whose true-fix'd and
resting gquality/ There is no fellow in the
firmament" he means that the northern star
is unique in its steadiness and unchanging
nature, unlike any other star in the sky. This
symbolizes something or someone who is
unchangeable and resolute.

(iü) Why does Caesar compare himself to the

northern star? What is the occasion for such
a comparison?

Answer: Caesar compares himself to the

northern star to emphasize his
steadfastness and unyielding nature. The
occasion for this comparison arises when
the conspirators, particularly Metellus
Cimber, beg for the repeal of Cimber's
brother's banishment. Caesar uses this
metaphor to assert that, like the northern
star, he remains firm in his decisions and is
not swayed by pleas or flattery.

(iii) State the comparison made byCaesar

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(iv) Why is Caesar so stubbom in his attitude

towards the conspirator ? What purpose
does his stubbomness serve on the
dramatic effectiveness?

Answer: Caesar's stubbornness reflects his

pride and belief in hisown infallibility. His
refusal to yield to the conspirators' pleas
demonstrates his self-perception as aruler
above ordinary men, unmovable and
constantin his judgments. Dramatically,this
stubbornness heightens the tension and
sets the stage for his assassination,
underscoring the tragic irony of his
unyieldingnature leading to his downfal. It
also serves to justify the conspirators'
actions in their eyes,as they see him as a
tyrant who cannot be reasoned with.

(v) What horrible event is about to take

place in ashort time? Who was the first to
strike? Why is Antony absent from the
scene? What could have happened if
Antony were to be present on the scene?
Answer: he horrible event about to take
place is the assassination of Caesar. Casca is
the first tostrike Caesar. Antony is absent
from the scene because Trebonius
deliberately leads him away from Caesar, as
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(v) What horrible event is about to take
place ina short time? Who was the first to
strike? Why is Antony absent from the
scene? What could have happened if
Antony were to be present on the scene?

Answer: he horrible event about to take

place is the assassination of Caesar. Casca is
the first to strike Caesar. Antony is absent
from the scene because Trebonius
deliberately leads him away from Caesar, as
part of the conspirators' plan to ensure that
Antony, a loyal friend to Caesar, does not
interfere with their plot. If Antony had been
present, he might have attempted to defend
Caesar or rally others to protect him,
potentially preventing the assassination or
at least altering its course.

4. Brutus
Fates, we will know your pleasures.
That we shall die, we know; Yis but the time
And drawing days out, that men stand
upon.
Cassius
'Why, he that cuts off twenty years of life
Cuts off so many years of fearing death.

(i) When does this conversation take place?

In what state of mind are Brutus and
Cassius?

Answer: This conversationtakes place

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4. Brutus
Fates, we will know your pleasures.
That we shall die, we know; Yis but the time
And drawing days out, that men stand
upon.
Cassius
Why, he that cuts off twenty years of life
Cuts off so many years of fearing death.

() When does this conversation take place?

In what state of mind are Brutus and
Cassius?

Answer: This conversation takes place

immediately after the assassination of Julius
Caesar in Act 3, Scene 1. Brutus and Cassius
are in a state of conflicted resolve. Brutus is
calm and philosophical, reflecting on the
inevitability of death and attempting to
rationalize the murder as a noble act.
Cassius, on the other hand, tries to console
Brutus by suggesting that cutting short
Caesar's life has also ended his fear of
death. Both characters are grappling with
the gravity of their actions and the
Consequences that will follow.

(ii) What is meant by the "Fates" ? State in

your own words what the Fates were
responsible for. According to the extract,
what do men know and what do men know
and what do they fear?
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(I)What is meant by the "rates ? State in
your own words what the Fates were
responsible for. According to the extract,
what do men know and what do men know
and what do they fear?
Answerr The "Fates" refer to the three
goddesses in Roman mythology who
controlthe destinies of human beings. They
responsible for determining the lifespan
and fate of every individual. In the context
of the extract, Brutus acknowledges that
the Fates have decreed everyone's death,
and the only uncertainty is when it will
happen. Men know they must die, but they
fear the uncertainty of the timing and the
process of dying.

(ii) What positive note does Casca strike in

the death of Caesar? What does Brutus feel
about it?

Answer: Casca strikes a positive note by

suggesting that by cutting off twenty years
of Caesar's life, they have also cut off
twenty years of fearing death. Brutus agrees
with this reasoningand considers death to
be a benefit in this context, seeing their
actions as freeing Caesar from the fear of
death and themselves from the tyranny they
believed he represented
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(iv) After the extract, what does Brutus ask
the Romans to do? In what way does this
seem to be afulfilment of Calpurnia's
dream?

Answer: After the extract, Brutus asks the

Romans to stoop and bathe their hands in
Caesar's blood, symbolically taking part in
the assassination. This act seems to fulfill
Calpurnia'sdream, in which she envisioned
Caesar's statue spouting blood like a
fountain, with Romans washing their hands
in it. The scene plays out as a literal
fulfillment of this ominous vision.

(V) State briefly the role played by the

assassination of Caesar in the story-line of
Julius Caesar.

Answer: The assassination of Julius Caesar

isthe pivotal event in the play, triggering
the subsequent conflict and chaos in Rome.
It leads to a power struggle, with Brutus and
Cassius on one side and Antony and
Octavius on the other. The murder sets off a
chain of events that ultimately result in a
civil war, the downfall of the conspirators,
nd the rise of Octavius as the ruler of
Rome. The assassination marks the
beginning of the end for the Roman
Republic and the transition to the Roman
Empire.
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5.Cassius
Stoop, then, and wash. How many ages
hence
Shall this our lofty scene be acted over,
In states unborn and accents yet unknown!
Brutus
How many times shall Caesar bleed in sport,
That now onPompey's basis lies along
No worthier than the dust!
Cassius
So oft as that shall be,
So often shall the knot of us be call'd
The men that gave their country liberty.
Decius
What, shall we forth?
Cassius
Ay, every man away:
Brutus shall lead, and we willgrace his heels
With the most boldest and best hearts of
Rome.
[Enter a Servant]
Brutus
Soft! who comes here?

()When Cassius says, "Stoop, then, and

wash to whom is he speaking? What
exactly does he mean? Who had just
suggested washing?

Answer:Cassius is speaking to the other

conspirators when he says, "Stoop, then,
and wash." He is instructing them to stoop
down andwash their hands in Caesar's

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(i) Explain the meaning of "states unborn",

"accents" and "Pompeys basis."

Answer:

"States unborn" refers to countries or

nations that have not yet been established.
"Accents" refers to the different languages
or dialects that will eventually emerge in
those future states.
"Pompey's basis" refers to the statue of
Pompey, which symbolizes the place where
Caesar has fallen, lying lifeless and reduced
todust, just like the ground beneath the
statue.

(ii) What does Brutus want toexpress when

he says, "How many times shall Caesar
bleed in sport"?

Answer: Brutus is reflecting on how Caesar's

assassination will be reenacted in plays and
other forms of storytelling across time and
in different places. He is implying that
Caesar's death will be retold and perhaps
trivialized ("in sport") by future generations.

(iv) What does Cassius believe "the knot of

us" willbe called and why?

Answer: Cassius believes that the group of

conspirators ("the knot of us") willbe
remembered as the men who brought
libertv to their countrv He thinks thevwill
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(iv) What does Cassius believe the knot of
us" will be called and why?

Answer: Cassius believes that the group of

conspirators ("the knot of us") will be
remembered as the men who brought
liberty to their country. He thinks they will
be celebrated as heroes who freed Rome
from tyranny by illing Caesar.

(v) The entry of the servant of Antony may

be said to mark the turning point of the
whole play. Narrate, very briefly, in what way
this is so.

Answer: The entry of Antony'sservant

marks the turningpoint of the play because
it foreshadows Antony's plan to turn the
Roman populace against the conspirators.
After the servant delivers Antony's
message, Brutus and Cassius make the fatal
mistake of allowing Antony tospeak at
Caesar's funeral, setting the stage for
Antony's powerfulspeech that incites the
crowd and leads tothe downfallof the
conspirators.

6. Antony
mighty Caesar! dost thou lie so low?
Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs,
spoils,
Shrunk to this Iittle measure? Fare thee well.
Iknow not, gentlemen, what you intend,
Who else must be let blood. whoelse is
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6. Antony
O
mighty Caesar! dost thou lie so low?
Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs,
spoils,
Shrunk to this Iittle measure? Fare thee well.
Iknow not, gentlemen, what you intend,
Who else must be let blood, who else is
rank:
Iflmyself, there is no hour so fit
As Caesar's death's hour; nor no instrument
Of half that worth as those your swords,
made rich
With the most noble blood of all this world.

(() Where does the mighty Caesar lie? What

is meant by "this little measure"? Give one
example each of Caesar's conquests and his
glories.

Answer: Caesar lies dead on the ground

after being assassinated by the
conspirators. "This little measure" refers to
Caesar's body, now reduced to a small,
lifeless form, despite the vastness of his
accomplishments in life. One example of
Caesar's conquests ishis victory inGaul,
and anexample of his glories is his triumph
as a military leader celebrated in Rome.

(i) Who are the gentlemen" he addresses?

What does he implore them,to do ? What
does hisrequest tell us about his character?
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(ii) Who are the "gentlemen" he addresses?
What does he implore them, to do ? What
does his request tellus about his character?

Answer: The "gentlemen" Antony addresses

are the conspirators who have just killed
Caesar. He implores them to kill him as well,
if they intend to do so, at the same moment
and withthe same weapons used on Caesar.
This request reveals Antony's loyalty and
deep respect for Caesar, showing that he
would rather die alongside him than live
without him.

(i) Give the meaning of: "Who else must be

let blood, who else is ran) - What in your
opinion, is Antony's reason for saying so?

Answer: The phrase means "who else mnust

be killed, who else is considered a threat."
Antony is questioning the conspirators
about whether they intend to killanyone
else they consider dangerous, possibly
including himself. He says this to gauge
their intentions and to express a sense of
resignation or challenge, showing his
readiness to face the same fate as Caesar if
necessary.

(iv) What does Antony's expression, "the

most noble blood of all this world indicate
about Antony's feelings for Caesar?
AneaAr Antan'e avnraccian indicntar hie

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(iv) What does Antony's expression, "the
most noble blood of all this world indicate
about Antony's feelings for Caesar?
Answer: Antony'sexpression indicates his
profound admiration and reverence for
Caesar. He views Caesar as the most noble
and honorable person in the world, and the
sheddingof his blood as a tragic and
momentousevent. This highlights Antony's
eep loyalty and affection for Caesar.

(v) What did Brutus tell Antony about the

conspirator's feelings for Caesar? Was
Brutus honest? Why?

Answer: Brutus told Antony that the

conspirators acted out of a sense of duty to
Rome, not out of hatred for Caesar. He
claimed that they pitied Rome more than
they envied Caesar, suggesting that their
actions were driven bya desire to protect
the Republic. Brutus was honest in
expressing his belief that their actions were
justified, though he may have been naive in
underestimating the emotional and political
Consequences of their deed.

7. Antony
My credit now stands on such
slippery
ground,
That one of two bad ways you must conceit
me,

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7. Antony
My credit now stands on such slippery
ground,
That one of two bad ways you must conceit
me,
Either a coward or a flatterer.
That Idid love thee, Caesar, O, ´tis true:

() What is meant by the word "credit"? Why

does it nowstand on such slippery ground.

Answer: In this context, the word "credit"

refers to Antony's reputation or
trustworthiness. It stands "onsuch slippery
ground" because Antony is in aprecarious
position-hemust balance between
appearing loyal to Caesar and not provoking
the conspirators who have just murdered
Caesar. His reputation could easily be
damaged if he is perceived as either too
cowardly for not avenging Caesar or as a
flatterer for siding with the conspirators.
(ii) What does Antony mean to say by the
following words:
Answer: Antony is expressing his internal
conflict about his actions. He acknowledges
his love for Caesar and the quilt he feels for
seemingly aligning himself with Caesar's
murderers. He fears that others will see him
as a coward for not immediately avenging
Caesar or as aflatterer for ingratiating
himcelf \aith the concniratorc

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(ii) What effect do Antony's action and

Words have on his listeners?

Answer: Antony's words and actions likely

create a sense of uncertainty and suspicion
among the conspirators. While he presents
himself as submissive and conciliatory, his
grief and the subtle hints in his speech
suggest that he is not entirely ontheir side,
which might make the conspirators uneasy.

(iv) What mistake did Brutus make by

granting the request of Antony? What did
Cassius warn him then? What was the
consequence of the mistake?

Answer: Brutus made the mistake of

allowing Antony to speak at Caesar's
funeral. Cassius warned Brutus that Antony
might sway the people against them with
his words. The consequence of this mistake
was that Antony, through his powerful
oration, turned the Roman populace against
theconspirators, leading tocivil unrest and
the eventual downfall of Brutus and the
other conspirators.

(v) "How did Antony prove that he could be

both acoward and a flatterer?

Answer: Antonv could be seen as a coward

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8. Pardon me, Julius! Here wast thou bayd,

brave hart;
Here did'st thou fall; and here thy hunters
stand.
Signd in thy spoil, and crimsond in thy
lethe.
Oworld, thou wast the forest to this hart,
And this, indeed, O world, the heart of thee.
Howlike a deer, strucken by many princes,
Dost thou here lie!

() Who speaks these words: "Here wast thou

bay'd?" What is the com implied in the
expression? To what custom of the hunters
does it refer?

Answer: Mark Antony speaks these words.

The expression "Here wast thou bay'd"
refers to Julius Caesar beingcornered and
surrounded by his enemnies (the
conspirators), much like a hunted deer is
surrounded by hounds before being killed.
This metaphor draws from the hunting
practice where hounds corner a deer,
exhausting it before the hunters deliver the
final blow.

(i) Explain the double meaning intended in

the expression, "brave hart."

AncuAr Thoovnroccion "hraIo har+"

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5:05 Z" LTE
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(ii) Who are the hunters in the present
crisis? Give the meaning of: "Signd thy spoil,
and crimson'd in thy lethe."

Answer: The hunters in the present crisis are

the conspirators who assassinated Julius
Caesar,including Brutus, Cassius, and
others. The phrase "Sign'dthy spoil, and
crimson'd in thy lethe" means that the
conspirators are marked ("sign'd") with
Caesar's blood (his spoil) and have become
stained or tainted (crimson'd") in the river
Lethe, which in mythology is associated
with forgetfulness and death. This implies
that their hands are stained with both the
act of murder and the consequences of this
deed.

(iv) In what way was the world, "the forest to

this hart," and "this indeed, world, the heart
of thee"?

Answer: The worldwas likea"forest" to this

"hart" (deer) in that Caesar, like a deer,
roamed and dominated the world. The
phrase "this indeed, world, the heart of
thee" suggests that Caesar was the very
essence or "heart" of the world, central to
its function and existence. Thus, the world
was both the environment in which Caesar
lived and thrived and, metaphorically,
Caesar was the core that held the world
together.
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(v) What does the speaker arouse Cassius'

suspicion ? What does Cassius ask the
speaker as a result of the suspicion?

Answer: Cassius becomes suspicious

because Antony, despite praising Caesar
andexpressing grief,appears to make
peace with the conspirators and shakes
their blood-stained hands. Cassius is wary
that Antony might have ulterior motives. As
a result of this suspicion, Cassius asks
Antony what his intentions are, whether
Antony plans to join them ("Will you be
pricked in number of our friends"), or if they
should proceed without depending on his
support.

9.Antony
And Caesar'sspirit, ranging for revenge,
with Ate by his side come hot from hell,
Shallin these Confines with a monarch's
voice
Cry "Havoc!" and let slip the dogs of war,
That this foul deed shall smell above the
earth
With carrion men, groaning for burial.

() Why is Caesar's spirit "raging for

revenge"? When and to whom does
Caesar's spirit appear later in the play?
Answer: Mark Antony speaks these words.
The expression "Here wast thou bay'd"
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(iv) Who are "the dogs of war"? Which foul

deed is referred to and how will it "smell
above the earth"?

Answer: The world was a "forest" to this

"hart" (deer), Julius Caesar, implying that
the world was the setting where he was
hunted down. The phrase "this indeed, O
world, the heart of thee" suggests that
Caesar was the very heart of the world, vital
to its existence, and with his death, the
world itself is deeply wounded or
diminished.

(v) What would the consequences of these

happenings be for the conspirators and as
wellas for Antony?

Answer: Cassius becomes suspicious when

Antony begins to speak highly of Caesar
after his death. He worries that Antony
might be plotting something against the
conspirators. Asa result of thissuspicion,
Cassius asks Antony what his intentions are
and whether he will be counted among their
friends or whether they should proceed
without dependingon him.
10. Antony
Yet, stay awhile;
Thoushalt not back till lhave borne the
Corpse
Into the market-place: there shall I try,

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10. Antony
Yet, stay awhile;
Thoushalt not back till lhave borne the
corpse
Into the market-place: there shall l try,
In my oration, how the people take
The cruel issue of these bloody men...

() To whomisAntony speaking? Why is this

person here? Where are they?

Answer: Antony is speaking to a servant of

Octavius Caesar. This servant is here to
inform Antony that Octavius is on his way to
Rome. They are at the Capitol, where Julius
Caesar has just been assassinated by Brutus
and the other conspirators.

(i) What had Antony just said to this person

before telling him to "stay awhile"? How did
this person help Antony?

Answer: Before telling the servant to "stay

awhile" Antony had expressed his grief over
Caesar'sdeath and the chaos that has
ensued. The servant had helped Antony by
conveying Octavius's message and by being
ready toreturn with news about the current
situation. Antony intends to carry Caesar's
body to the marketplace and see how the
people react to the murder.

(iiü) Explain the meaning of "oration". What

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(ii) Explain the meaning of oration". What

does this passage reveal to us about what
Antony proposed to do?

Answer: An"oration" is aformal speech,

particularly one given on a ceremonial
Occasion. In this passage, it reveals that
Antony intends to give a speech at Caesar's
funeral in the marketplace to sway public
opinion against the conspirators who killed
Caesar. Antony plans to use his oration to
gauge and possibly influence the people's
reaction to the assassination.

(iv) Earlier, Antony said, "Over thy wounds

now do Il prophesy" Mention any three
points of his prophesy.

Answer: Antony's prophecy over Caesar's

wounds included:

"Acurse will fall upon the men who

assassinated Caesar.
Domestic strife and civil war willengulf Italy,
leading to widespread destruction.
Caesar'sspirit will seek revenge, and the act
of his murder will lead to chaos and
bloodshed, with mothers even smiling as
they witness the horrors of war.

(v) Which trait of Antony's nature is shown

in this passage? Give examples of two other
Occasionsin the play where a different
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(v) Which trait of Antony's nature is shown
in this passage? Give examples of twO other
Occasions in the play where a different
aspect of his character is shown-distinct
from the one shown in this extract.

Answer: In this passage, Antony's trait of

cunning and strategic thinking is
highlighted. He carefully plans to use his
oration to turn the people against the
conspirators. Two other occasions showing
different aspects of his character are:

Loyalty: Antony's loyalty is evident when he

grieves deeply over Caesar's death and
swearsvengeance against the conspirators.
Manipulative Skill: In the aftermath of
aesar's assassination, Antony manipulates
the crowd during his funeral speech by
initiallyappearing to side with the
conspirators, only to gradually incite the
mob against them.

Extras

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Popilius Lena wish for
Cassius?

A. Success in his enterprise

B. A long life
C. Friendship with Caesar
D Safotu in Rona