Syllabus

► Introduction to MongoDB: definition of MongoDB:

what is a document database, what is JSON, How does
it look, cross-platform, scalable, flexible.
► An overview of MongoDB architecture, introduction to
mongo dB basics, core concepts and vocabulary, mongo
dB databases
► Mongo dB collections, mongo dB documents,
introduction to mongo dB shell, types of storage
engines, locks
 MongoDB

► MongoDB is one of the top most popular modern databases

which is now widely used for building modern day
applications. It is different from traditional RDBMS
(Relational Database Management Systems)
► It is categorized as NoSQL database because of the
flexibility of schema which it provides.
SQL vs. MongoDB

► SQL has databases, tables, rows,

columns
► Mongo has databases, collections,
documents, fields
► Both have primary keys, indexes
► Collection structures are not enforced
heavily
► Inserts automatically create schemas
Interacting with MongoDB

► Multiple databases within MongoDB

► Switch databases
► use newDb
► New databases will be stored after an insert
► Create collection
► db.createCollection(“collectionName”)
► Not necessary, collections are implicitly created on
insert
BSON

► MongoDB uses BSON very heavily

► Binary JSON
► Like JSON with a binary serialization method
► Has extensions so that it can represent data
types that JSON cannot
► Used to represent documents, provide
input to queries
Selects/queries

► In MongoDB, querying typically consists of providing an

appropriately crafted BSON
► SELECT * FROM collectionName
► db.collectionName.find()
► SELECT * FROM collectionName WHERE field = value
► db.collectionName.find( {field: value} )
► SELECT * FROM collectionName WHERE field > 5
► db.collectionName.find( {field: {$gt: 5} } )
► Other functions that take a query argument have queries that
are formatted this way
Interacting with MongoDB

► Insert
► db.collectionName.insert( {queryBSON} )
► Update
► db.collectionName.update( {queryBSON}, {updateBSON},
{optionBSON} )
► updateBSON
► Set field to 5: {$set: {field: 5}}
► Increment field by 1 {$inc: {field: 1}}

► optionBSON
► Options that determine whether or not to create new documents, update
more than one document, write concerns
Interacting with MongoDB

► Delete
► db.collectionName.remove( {queryBSON} )
 What is Document Database

► The document database is a type of

non-relational database that is designed
to store documents in JSON-like format.
What is JSON?

► JSON Stands for JavaScript Object Notation and

it is one of the widely used open standard file
formats which uses human-readable text to store
and transmit data.
► It is a lightweight format for data transportation
and is often used between the client and server
architecture in software development.
► JSON is very easy to understand and usually, it is
"self-describing".
 How JSON LOOKS?

{
"Students":[
{"firstName":"Siya", "lastName":"Sharma",
"Location":"India"},
{"firstName":"Ron", "lastName":"Smith",
"Location":"USA"}, {"firstName":"Bash",
"lastName":"Tao","Location":"Philippines"}],
"Teachers":[{"firstName":"Dheeraj",
"lastName":"Sareen",
"Location":"India"}, {"firstName":"David",
"lastName":"Baker","Location":"Canada"}]
}
 EXAMPLE

► JSON data is specified in the name and value pairs

► Each data is separated by commas in JSON.
► The square brackets in JSON are used to hold an
array of object(s)
 EXAMPLE

► The curly braces in JSON are used to hold object(s)

► It is highly flexible and easy to understand as you write
JSON in a human-understandable format.
► The document-based databases make the lives of
developers easier as they allow them to store data in the
same document-model format as developers use JSON
while coding. It is easy for them to relate the name and
value pairs while referring to the data entered in these
databases
CROSS PLATFORM

► MongoDB is a cross-platform database, which

means it can run on various operating systems and
on various computer architectures.
► It also supports various computer architectures that
are machine-based and hardware-specific and
depends on the processors and hardware plus
operating systems that run that machine
PLATFORMS SUPPORT MONGO DB

► Amazon Linux 2
► Debian 9 and 10
► RHEL/CentOS 6, 7, and 8
► SLES 12 and 15
► Ubuntu LTS 16.04 and 18.04
► Windows Server 2016 and 2019
 SCALABLE

► MongoDB is extremely scalable, suppose we are developing an

application that is presently not widely used and has limited usage but
we believe that in the coming years, the application will have a huge
increase in new users and there will be a multi-fold increase in the
traffic.
► MongoDB is the first choice of Fortune 100 enterprises as well as
startups. These organizations rely on MongoDB for their operations.
The industry has seen a dramatic increase in the deployments of
MongoDB, ranging from a single server to multi servers and clusters of
MongoDB database
 MONGODB MATRICS OF SCALABILITY

► MongoDB offers scalability for three different metrics:

► In terms of cluster
► In terms of performance
► Scalability in terms of data
FLEXIBILITY

► MongoDB doesn't heavily enforce schema but uses

dynamic schema, and hence, is also referred to as a
schema-less database. This makes it a highly
flexible database.
► Schema is the database structure in Relational
Database Management System (RDBMS) where
you define it before using the database in the
application
 ADVANTAGES OF FLEXIBILITY

► MongoDB is flexible in terms of its data structure.

► MongoDB relies on the JSON-like data structure which is
very flexible in itself. So when we need to add any new data
in MongoDB which has or more fields and where each data
is dynamic
► We can easily add these records to our database in
MongoDB without any issues as it won't restrict us and we
are not bound to a specific data structure to be added in the
database.
NOSQL Database

► The NoSQL databases, sometimes also

called non-SQL, non-relational, or not only
SQL databases are those that have a different
mechanism to store and retrieve data other
than the tabular relations which are used in
relational databases.
AN OVERVIEW OF NOSQL
ARCHITECTURE
 AN OVERVIEW OF NOSQL
ARCHITECTURE

► The important feature of NoSQL databases with respect to

their architecture is that it provides nested, hierarchical
structures in data entities.
► These hierarchical data structures can be easily described with
the JSON and other formats used by the NoSQL databases.
► These structures also closely match with the data structures
used in the programming languages.
Mongo DB Architecture
 Mongo DB Architecture

► The client-side application communicates with the MongoDB

database with the help of MongoDB drivers.
► For any read and write operations, the MongoDB drivers play an
important role to communicate with the MongoDB database.
► The MongoDB drivers depend on the programming language and
help applications for various CRUD (Create, Read, Update, and
Delete) and other operations with respect to the MongoDB
database.
► The primary and secondary DBs ensure the high availability of
data and the frequent synchronization provides eventually
consistent data records.
Mongo DB Platform
 KEY FEATURES

► Best way: MongoDB provides an easy, fast, and flexible

way to work with data. It also provides a wide range of data
types and expressive queries that are easy to understand.
► Best availability: MongoDB provides the best way for data
availability. With MongoDB, you can place and scale your
data on any device as well as at any geographic location
whenever you need it.
► Best portability: MongoDB runs the same everywhere,
whether it is a local server or cloud. MongoDB is also
available as a service throughout the world with major cloud
platforms supporting it.
KEY DIFFERENCES FROM OTHER
DATABASES
 NOSQL Databases

► The NoSQL databases comprise a wide variety of

database-related to technologies to meet the dynamic
demands of modern applications.
► Relational databases are not designed to meet the demands of
these applications and development environments. So, the
developers feel stuck at some point in the development cycle,
whether during the decision on the architecture of the
application or during the scaling of the application at a later
stage of the deployment cycle.
Types of NOSQL Databases

► There are four major types of NoSQL database

management systems. These are classified as
follows.
► Key-value paired databases
► Column-oriented databases
► Document-oriented databases
► Graph databases
KEY VALUE PAIRED DATABASE

► These are the simplest NoSQL databases. Here, the data is

stored as a name (or key) with its value. Some key-value
paired databases also have the feature to give the data type
such as int or float.
► Examples of key-value paired databases are:
► Berkeley DB
► Redis
 Column Oriented Database

► These types of NoSQL databases allow you to store

the columns of data instead of rows.
► These are very effective in handling the queries of
large data sets.
► Examples of column-oriented databases are:
► Cassandra
► HBase
Document Database

► These databases pair each key with a data structure

called to document and these documents then
contain key-value pairs, key-array pairs, and nested
documents.
► Examples of document databases are:
► MongoDB
► Couchbase
Graph Databases

► These databases are useful in storing data that are

inter-connected as nodes just like a graph.
► These databases add an extra layer of highlighting
the relationship among the documents.
► Examples of document databases are:
► OrientDB
► Neo4j
 Introduction to Mongo DB Core
Concepts and Vocabulary

► Document Database
► MongoDB documents are similar to JSON objects
and these documents can contain arrays, other
documents, or an array of documents.
► Collections
► The MongoDB documents are stored in collections.
So you can consider this as a table with respect to
the relational database.
 Introduction to Mongo DB Core
Concepts and Vocabulary

► Support for rich query language

► MongoDB uses rich query language to support the CRUD (Create, Read,
Update, and Delete) operations. It also supports the queries related to data
aggregation, search operations, as well as geospatial queries.
► Support multiple storage engines
► MongoDB supports multiple storage engines like: Wired Tiger storage
engine
► In-memory storage engine MongoDB provides a pluggable storage engine,
API, that lets the third parties develop their own engine type for MongoDB
 Mongo DB Terminology

► The following are the basic MongoDB specific

terms
► MongoDB Database: A single MongoDB server
consists of various databases where each database
is a physical container of collections.
► MongoDB Collection: A collection in MongoDB is
equivalent to a database table of the SQL-based
databases and it exists within a single database. It
includes a group of MongoDB documents.
 Mongo DB Terminology

► MongoDB Document: A document can be defined

as an instance of a MongoDB collection. It
includes a set of key-value pairs.
► All the documents include a dynamic schema
which means the documents that comprise of the
same collection do not need to have the same set of
fields and structure.
Mongo DB Verses NOSQL