CSE 215L: Programming Language II Lab

Lab - 02: Primitive data types, Operators & Conditional Statements

Summer-2024
Lab Instructor: Md. Abdullah Al Sayed

Objective:
● To learn about the primitive data types and variables in Java
● To know about the user input and output
● To learn about the different types of operators (Assignment, Arithmetic,
Relational, Logical Operators etc.)
● To learn to use conditional statements (if-else, switch case)
● To know about Enumerated Data Types

Primitive Data Types:

Primitive data types are predefined types of data, which are supported by the programming
language. For example, integer, character, and string are all primitive data types. However, there
are 8 primitive data types available in Java. The following code shows how to declare variables of
different data types using literals (Any constant value which can be assigned to the variable is
called literal/constant).

public class DataTypes {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int anInt = 100;
long aLong = 200L;
byte aByte = 99;
short aShort = -902;
char aChar = 'A';
float aFloat = 99.98F;
double aDouble = 999.89;
boolean aBoolean = true;

System.out.println("anInt = " + anInt);

System.out.println("aLong = " + aLong);
System.out.println("aByte = " + aByte);
System.out.println("aShort = " + aShort);
System.out.println("aChar = " + aChar);
System.out.println("aFloat = " + aFloat);
System.out.println("aDouble = " + aDouble);
System.out.println("aBoolean = " + aBoolean);
}
}

Java Variables (Widening, Narrowing/Typecasting, Overflow):

Variable widening: When a small primitive type value is automatically accommodated in a
bigger/wider primitive data type, this is called widening of the variable. In the given example, int
type variable is assigned to float type variable without any data loss or error.

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Variable Narrowing: When a larger primitive type value is assigned in a smaller size primitive
data type, this is called narrowing of the variable. It can cause some data loss due to less number
of bits available to store the data. It requires explicit type-casting to the required data type. In the
given example, float type variable is assigned to int type variable with data loss.
Overflow: Overflow occurs when we assign such a value to a variable which is more than the
maximum permissible value. In the given example, the overflow occurred since byte datatype
value-range lies between -128 to 127 (inclusive) which is much less than int datatype value-range.

public class Variables {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Widening
int aInt1 = 10;
float aFloat1 = aInt1;
System.out.println(aInt1);
System.out.println(aFloat1);

// Narrowing/Typecasting
float aFloat2 = 10.5F;
//int aInt2 = aFloat2; //Compile time error
int aInt2 = (int)aFloat2;
System.out.println(aFloat2);
System.out.println(aInt2);

// Overflow
int aInt = 130;
byte aByte = (byte)aInt;
System.out.println(aInt);
System.out.println(aByte);
}
}

User Input and Output:

There are several ways to get input from the user in Java. You will learn to get input by using the
Scanner object in this course. For that, you need to import Scanner class and have to create an
object of Scanner class which will be used to get input from the user. However, for the output, you
can simply use System.out.println(), System.out.print() or System.out.printf() to send output to
standard output (screen).

public class UserInput {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter an Integer: ");

int i = input.nextInt();

System.out.print("Enter a Double: ");

double d = input.nextDouble();

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 System.out.print("Enter a String: ");
String s = input.next();

System.out.println("Integer: " + i);

System.out.println("Double: " + d);
System.out.println("String: " + s);

input.close();
}
}

Operators:
Java provides a rich set of operators to manipulate variables such as Arithmetic Operators,
Relational Operators, Logical Operators, Ternary Operators. Following code shows how to find min
and max of two number using Ternary Operator.

public class Operators {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int a = 10;
int b = 50;
int min = (a<b) ? a:b;
int max = (a>b) ? a:b;
System.out.println("Min: " + min);
System.out.println("Max: " + max);
}
}

Conditional statement (If-else):

The Java if statement is used to test the condition. It checks boolean condition: true or false. The
following code shows how to determine grade using the basic if-else-if ladder.

public class ConditionalStatement1 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int marks = 90;

if(marks<50){
System.out.println("fail");
}
else if(marks>=50 && marks<60){
System.out.println("D grade");
}
else if(marks>=60 && marks<70){
System.out.println("C grade");
}
else if(marks>=70 && marks<80){
System.out.println("B grade");
}
else if(marks>=80 && marks<90){
System.out.println("A grade");
}

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else if(marks>=90 && marks<100){
System.out.println("A+ grade");
}
else{
System.out.println("Invalid!");
}
}
}

Conditional statement (Switch):

The switch statement works with byte, short, int, long, enum types, String and some wrapper types
like Byte, Short, Integer, and Long. (A Wrapper class or types is a class whose object wraps or
contains primitive data types. Every primitive type has a corresponding wrapper type or class.)

public class ConditionalStatement2 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int number = 20;
switch(number){
case 10:
System.out.println("10");
break;
case 20:
System.out.println("20");
break;
case 30:
System.out.println("30");
break;
default:
System.out.println("Not in 10, 20 or 30");
}
}
}

Enumerated Types:
Enumerations represent a group of named constants in Java. Enums are used when we know all
possible values at compile time, such as choices on a menu, command line flags, etc. In Java,
enums are represented using enum data type. Additionally, we can add variables, methods, and
constructors to it. The main objective of enum is to define our own data types, called Enumerated
Data Types.

public class Enumeration {

enum Coffee {Small, Medium, Large}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Coffee morningCoffee = Coffee.Large;
System.out.println(morningCoffee);
}
}

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