CANDITIONAL SENTENCE

By:

Name: Gita Permata Sari Sihombing

Academic Number: 2301020071

Study Program: Indonesian Department Education

INDONESIAN EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

THE FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

THE UNIVERSITY OF HKBP NOMENSEN PEMATANG SIANTAR

PEMATANGSIANTAR

2024
 PREFACE

Praise and gratitude to God Almighty for His blessings and grace so that the author can
complete this paper assignment. This paper is a paper that discusses the topic of Canditional
Sentence, where in this paper was prepared to fulfill the assignment of Mr. Lecturer
Rudiarman Purba, S.Pd.M.Pd., in the English course, in this paper we describe or explain
about Canditional Sentence, the author hopes that this paper can be a study or reference for
friends in compiling the same paper with Canditional Sentence.

The author realizes that in our paper, there are still many procedures for delivery and
writing that may be less good or less precise, for that the author hopes to get constructive
direction and input to improve this paper..

Pematangsiantar, 2th July 2024

The Writer
 TABLE OF CONTENT

FOREWORD

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

1.2 Problem Formulation

1.3 Objectives

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

2.1 Canditional Sentence Definition

2.2 Types and Formula of conditional sentences

2.3 Examples of Canditional Sentence

CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

3.1 Conclusion

3.2 Suggestions

Bibliography
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

You must have assumed something like "if I met him, I would introduce myself" or "if I
had money, I would buy shoes". Now that sentence in English is called Conditional Text or
means a sentence of supposition.

Conditional sentence is a complex sentence (compound sentence) formed from a

subordinate clause preceded by a subordinate conjunction if in the form of a condition and a
main clause in the form of a result/consequence.

This conditonal sentence functions to state about the possibility of occurrence or imagined
situations. There are 3 types of conditional sentences. Conditional sentence type 1 is a
condition that might be fulfilled. Conditional sentence type 2 is a condition that is almost
impossible to fulfill. Conditional sentence type 3 is a condition that is impossible to fulfill.

1.2 Problem Formulation

1. Do you know the definition of passive voice?

2. What are the types of conditional sentences?

3. Do you know the examples of Passive Voice?

1.3 Purpose of Writing

From the formulation of the problem above, we certainly aim to explain or explain these
points, according to the knowledge we have gained, both from source books and from
teachers. Hopefully, everything will benefit us. If there are any mistakes in writing or words
in this paper, we apologize profusely.
 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

2.1 Definition of Conditional Sentence.

Conditional sentences consist of two clauses, namely dependent clause (subordinate

clause) and main clause (independent clause) (Lukman Hakim, 2008). In the same vein,
Conditional sentences also consist of two parts of the sentence, namely the main clause and
the sub clause with if (if only). The term Conditional sentences consists of two words which
in etymological terms mean the following:

1. Conditional (adj): conditional, conditional, conditional submission, conditionally.

2. Sentence (n): Sentence.

So in language, Conditional sentences are conditional sentences or supposition sentences. As

for terminology, conditional sentences are complex sentences that express an expected result
of a conditional sentence (Albanus, 2011).

A conditional sentence is a grammatical structure that describes a situation based on a

hypothetical condition and its resulting consequence. These sentences typically consist of two
clauses:

 Conditional Clause (often introduced by "if," "unless," etc.): This clause

expresses the hypothetical situation.
 Main Clause (contains a modal verb): This clause describes the outcome based on
the condition in the first clause.

Experts on Conditional Sentences:

Here's what some prominent linguists say about conditional sentences:

1. Linguist George Yule (2010): "Conditional sentences are a fundamental part of

human language, allowing us to express our thoughts about the relationships between
events and their causes."
2. English Language Teacher Scott Thornbury (2013): "Conditional sentences are a
versatile tool for expressing a wide range of ideas, from real-world possibilities to
hypothetical scenarios."
3. Applied Linguist H. Douglas Brown (2014): "Conditional sentences play an
important role in academic writing, as they allow researchers to express cause-and-
effect relationships and draw conclusions from their data."
2.2 Types of conditional sentences

Conditional sentences are usually expressed in sentences that are usually preceded by the
word "If" which means If, If, Suppose. Meanwhile, the expected result is usually expressed in
the main clause. Conditional sentences have three types, namely:

a. Type 1: Future Possible/Probable Condition,

b. Type 2: Present Unreal Condition, and

c. Type 3: Past Unreal Condition

The expected result in conditional sentences has three possibilities based on the description of
each type above.

The three possibilities can be observed below:

May Occur Conflicting Facts Impossible to Happen

1. If you study hard, you Conflicting Facts 1. If I had finished my
will understand English 1. If she was here, I would studies last year, I would
well. have been happy. have left the country.

2. You will stay healthy, if 2. I would have played 2. I would have played tennis
you exercise every day tennis, if the weather had if you had come yesterday.
(Phrase before the event been nice. (Expressed after (Expression of a past event)
occurs) the event has happened)

The above expression gives an idea of the possibilities that will occur. However, the above
expression cannot be fully understood because it is only limited to the interpretation of
understanding from English into Indonesian. In this case, the symbols in the form of English
tenses and grammar do not represent the real meaning when translated into Indonesian.
Therefore, it is necessary to understand the grammar of the three types above in order to
distinguish the principle differences between the three. The description of these three types is
presented in the next explanation below.

1. Type I: Future Possible

This supposition sentence is used to express an action that will be done or occur in the
future if a condition is met. The possibility of the action happening depends on whether the
condition is fulfilled or not (Lukman Hakim, 2008).

The speaker's attitude in this case is still neutral and still shows hope that the action can
happen. For this type, the sentence structure is as follows:

Parent Sentence (Main Clause) Simple Future Tense

Subsidiary Sentence (If Clausa): Simple Present Tense

Future Possible Formula

The general description is as follows:

a. Simple future tense + if + simple present tense.

b. Subject + will + Verb1 + Object + if + Subject + Verb1 (s/es) + Object.

or:

a. Subject + will + be + complement + if + Subject + is, am, are, + complement.

Use of Unless in Future Possible

Unless is used to replace if not for negative statements (Lukman Hakim, 2008).

Notice the changes in the sentences below:

a. If you do not take an umbrella, you will get wet.

Unless you take an umbrella, you will get wet.

b. We will be late if we do not leave now.

We will be late unless we leave now.

2. Type 2: Present Unreal

This supposition sentence is used to express a situation that is opposite to the present
reality. The speaker's attitude in this case is rather pessimistic because the possibility of the
action happening is only small (Albanus, 2011). The sentence structure is as follows:

Parent Sentence (Main Clausa): Past future Tense

Subordinate Clause (If Clausa) : Simple Past Tense

Present Unreal Formula

The general picture is as follows:

a. simple past future tense + if + simple past tense

b. subject + would + Verb1 + Object + if + subject + Verb2 + Object

or:

a. subject + would + be + complement + if + subject + were + complement.

 This type can also be expressed without "IF", but the conditional sentence always precedes
the main sentence. This is done by placing to be "were" in front of the sentence. In this case
too, if the If clause is expressed with to be, then we use were for all subjects. Consider the
sentence below:

a. Were he diligent, he would pass the exam.

b. Were I him, I would not do that.

c. If she were rich, I would make a trip around the world.

3. Type 3: Past Unreal

This supposition sentence is used to express a situation that is opposite to the actual
reality in the past. The speaker's attitude in this case is regretting (Albanus, 2011).

The sentence structure is as follows:

Parent Sentence (Main Clause): Future perfect tense.

Subsidiary Sentence (If Clause) : Perfect past tense.

Unreal Past Tense Formula

The general description is as follows:

a. past future tense + if + past perfect tense.

b. subject + would + have + verb3 + object + if + subject + had + verb3 + object

or:

a. Subject + would + have + been + complement + if + subject + had + been +

complement.

This type can also be expressed without using "IF", like the following examples:

a. If he had studied hard, he would have passed the exam yesterday.

b. Had they tried to live here, they would have lived happily.
2.3 Examples of Canditional Sentence

1. Type I: Future Possible

Future Possible Examples:

a. If you study hard, you will understand English well.

b. You will stay healthy, if you exercise everyday.

c. If I find her address, I'll send her a letter.

d. Asrul will be here, if he has much money.

e. The cut will scratch you if you pull her tail.

f. If he goes, he will arrive there on time

2. Type 2: Present Unreal

Examples of Present Unreal:

a. If He were here now, I would be happy.

b. I would play tennis, if the weather were fine now.

c. If someone tried to blackmail me, I would tell the police.

d. If I had much money, I would lend you.

e. If I were a bird, I would fly around the world.

3. Type 3: Past Unreal

Examples of Unreal Past Tense:

a. If I had finished my studies last year, I would have gone abroad.

b. I should have passed the exam last time, if I had studied hard.

c. If I had received your message, I would have come immediately,

d. If he doesn't know this course, I can't learn English well.

e. If our documents are in order, we can leave immediately.

 CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

3.1 Conclusion

Passive voice refers to a sentence structure where the subject is acted upon by the verb. It
is important to know the definition and examples of passive voice to understand sentence
structures better.

The purpose of the writing is to explain the concepts of conditional sentences and passive
voice to enhance knowledge acquired from various sources, such as books and teachers. The
ultimate goal is to gain benefits from understanding these linguistic concepts.

Conditional sentences consist of two clauses: the conditional clause expressing a

hypothetical situation and the main clause describing the outcome of that condition. The
types include Future Possible (Type 1), Present Unreal (Type 2), and Past Unreal (Type 3).
Each type has specific sentence structures and uses different tenses based on hypothetical
conditions.

Examples of conditional sentences demonstrate the use of different types: Future Possible
sentences show actions that might happen in the future based on conditions, Present Unreal
sentences describe situations against present reality, and Past Unreal sentences express
regrets about past unreal situations. By understanding these examples, one can grasp the
nuances of sentence formation and meanings expressed.

3.2 Suggestions

The author fully realizes that this paper is far from perfect, therefore the author expects
input in the form of constructive criticism & suggestions to make this paper perfect and
useful especially for writers and generally for readers.
 Bibliography

Albanus, A. (2011). Linguistik Bahasa Indonesia: Kajian Struktur dan Makna. Jakarta:
Pustaka Utama. https://www.pustaka.co.in/.

Lukman Hakim, A. (2008). Tata Bahasa Bahasa Indonesia: Teori dan Praktik. Yogyakarta:
Pustaka Pelajar. https://pustakapelajar.co.id/

Celce-Murcia, M., Brinton, D., & Masterson, J. (2010). Teaching English as a Second or
Foreign Language. Boston: Heinle Cengage Learning.
https://www.cengage.com/c/teaching-english-as-a-second-or-foreign-language-4e-
celce-murcia-brinton-snow/9781111351694/

Haryawan, P., & Wijayanti, E. R. (2020). Analisis Kalimat Bersyarat (Conditional Sentence)
dalam Bahasa Indonesia: Sebuah Kajian Pragmatik. Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 12(2),
221-232 .https://ejournal.unp.ac.id/index.php/ibs

Suwarno, Z. (2014). The Use of Conditional Sentences in Indonesian: A Study of Learners'

Errors. International Journal of English Linguistics, 2(2), 110-121.
https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/IJAL/index

Nisa, K. F., & Syarifuddin, A. (2018). The Use of Conditional Sentences in Indonesian
Written Discourse. Jurnal Bahasa, 22(2), 221-232.
https://ibn.e-journal.id/index.php/ESENSI/article/download/49/41/

Yulianto, B., & Darmawati, S. (2017). An Analysis of Conditional Sentences in Indonesian

Textbooks. International Journal of English and Education, 6(2), 111-122.
https://ibn.e-journal.id/index.php/ESENSI/article/download/49/41/.

Miftah, A. (2016). Conditional Sentence: A Study of Its Semantic and Pragmatic Features in
English and Indonesian. Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 16(2), 187-202.
https://ejournal.uinsaid.ac.id/index.php/leksema/article/download/3420/1289/14953