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Physically Engineering High-Q Introducing Noise Int

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9 views1 page

Physically Engineering High-Q Introducing Noise Int

Uploaded by

derkuzesta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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History

[edit]

For a chronological guide, see Timeline of quantum computing and communication.

The Mach–Zehnder interferometer shows that photons can exhibit wave-like interference.

For many years, the fields of quantum mechanics and computer science formed distinct
academic communities.[1] Modern quantum theory developed in the 1920s to explain the
wave–particle duality observed at atomic scales,[2] and digital computers emerged in the
following decades to replace human computers for tedious calculations.[3] Both disciplines
had practical applications during World War II; computers played a major role in wartime
cryptography,[4] and quantum physics was essential for the nuclear physics used in the
Manhattan Project.[5]

As physicists applied quantum mechanical models to computational problems and swapped


digital bits for qubits, the fields of quantum mechanics and computer science began to
converge. In 1980, Paul Benioff introduced the quantum Turing machine, which uses quantum
theory to describe a simplified computer.[6] When digital computers became faster,
physicists faced an exponential increase in overhead when simulating quantum dynamics,[7]
prompting Yuri Manin and Richard Feynman to independently suggest that hardware based
on quantum phenomena might be more efficient for computer simulation.[8][9][10] In a 1984
paper, Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard applied quantum theory to cryptography
protocols and demonstrated that quantum key distribution could enhance information
security.[11][12]

Quantum algorithms then emerged for solving oracle problems, such as Deutsch's algorithm
in 1985,[13] the Bernstein–Vazirani algorithm in 1993,[14] and Simon's algorithm in 1994.[15]
These algorithms did not solve practical problems, but demonstrated mathematically that
one could gain more information by querying a black box with a quantum state in
superposition, sometimes referred to as quantum parallelism.[16]

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