MPT English (G&P)

Syllabus
CSS-2025
Mureed Hussein Jasra
40th Common
 SCREENING TEST

• Screening Test will comprise 200 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) of One Mark
each.

• Time duration will be 200 Minutes.

• Qualifying Threshold: Overall 33% Marks (66/200).

• Appearance in Screening Test will NOT be counted as a chance.

• A score of Screening Test will be valid only for the same year’s CSS Exam and
will not be counted towards overall marks determining final merit position.
Marks of MPT will not be counted in Final exam.
 SYLLABUS OF CSS SCREENING TEST
S/N Subjects Marks
1 Islamic Studies / Civics & Ethics* 20
2 Urdu: Grammar usage, Translation 20
3 English: Vocabulary, Grammar usage, Comprehension 50
4 General Abilities: 60
Basic Arithmetic, Algebra & Geometry
Logical problem solving and analytical abilities
Mental Abilities
5 General Knowledge: 50
Everyday Science
Current Affairs
Pakistan Affairs
Total 200
 English (G&P) Syllabus
Average Marks in Past MPT
Serial No. Content
Papers
1 Vocabulary: Synonyms and Antonyms 10
2 Analogy of Words 05
3 Parts of Speech, Phrases, Clauses and Sentences: Simple, 10
Compound, Complex & Compound Complex
4 Tenses 03
5 Narration/ Voices 03
6 Sentence Correction 10
7 Preposition 04
8 Reading Comprehension 05
Total 50
 Section 1: Vocabulary (10 Marks)
1. Synonyms & Antonyms
2. Analogy of Words

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 Synonyms & Antonyms
• The basic purpose of this question is to check the basic understanding of
English vocabulary
• Vocabulary has two types;
I. Receptive or Passive (Reading & Listening)
II. Expressive or Active (Writing & Speaking)

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 Sources for Synonyms and Antonyms
Books:
1. Barren’s GRE international: 50 Exercises
2. Reader’s Digest
3. Winning English Grammar & Composition
Practice:
1. Winning English Grammar & Composition
2. CSPs Website Online Test
3. Winning English Grammar & Composition

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 Suggestions for Retention of Vocabulary
• Regular Revision: Three steps approach

• Contextual Learning:

• Flashcards:

• Mnemonics: Image building

• Use it in Conversation or Writing:

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 Suggestions to Attempt the Questions
• One-word difference theory
Illusion: A. Entertain B. Joy Entertain D. False Impression
• Word form( Main, Suffix or Prefix)
Prefix Re@ reunion, reappear
Un@ unbelievable, unachievable
Suffix Action@ creation, narration
Cide@ suicide, genocide, homicide
• Part of speech
• Negative and Positive connotations
Notorious: A. Alias B. Famous

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 Test: 1
Choose the option that is most nearly similar to the word provided
1. Alert
a) Intelligent b) Watchful c) Crooked d) Startled
2. Banal
a) Tedious b) Philosophical c) Deedless d) Discussed
3. Cite
a) Galvanize b) Visualize c) Locate d) Quote
4. Embezzlement
a) Recover b) Begin c) Force d) Misappropriate
5. Decimate
a) Kill b) Disgrace c) Search d) Collide

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 Answers: 1
Choose the option that is most nearly similar to the word provided
1. Alert
a) Intelligent b) Watchful c) Crooked d) Startled
2. Banal
a) Tedious b) Philosophical c) Deedless d) Discussed
3. Cite
a) Galvanize b) Visualize c) Locate d) Quote
4. Embezzlement
a) Recover b) Begin c) Force d) Misappropriate
5. Decimate
a) Kill b) Disgrace c) Search d) Collide

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 Test: 2
Choose the option that is most nearly opposite to the word provided
1. Secular
a) Worldly b) Vivid c) Positive d) Varying
2. Foremost
a) Upright b) Aspiring c) Unimportant d) Void
3. Needless
a) Legal b) Determining c) Essential d) Delighting
4. Limpid
a) Erect b) Transparent c) Timid d) Weary
5. Retrograde
a) Inclining b) Directing c) Evaluating d) Reverse

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 Answers: 2
Choose the option that is most nearly opposite to the word provided
1. Secular
a) Worldly b) Vivid c) Positive d) Varying
2. Foremost
a) Upright b) Aspiring c) Unimportant d) Void
3. Needless
a) Legal b) Determining c) Essential d) Delighting
4. Limpid
a) Erect b) Transparent c) Timid d) Weary
5. Retrograde
a) Inclining b) Directing c) Evaluating d) Reverse

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 Analogy of Words (Verbal Reasoning)
• An analogy means drawing a comparison to show a similarity, contrast, function,
chronological order and some other logical relation in some respect. These
questions aim to test the candidates' overall logical understanding.
• An analogy uses a relationship between two(or more) elements, sets, words and lists.
ØOasis-Sand Island---?
(a) Sea (b) Ocean (c) Country(d) Water
ØLION: ROAR
(a) Snake: Slither (b) Goat: Bleat (c) Lizard : Crawl (d) Elephant : Tusk
ØCLOT: BLOOD
(a)Ink: Water (b) Curdle: Milk (c) Vaporize : Camphor (d) Brew : Coffee

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Types of Analogy
 Test: 1
Ø Arrival: Departure : : ? Death
A. Life B. Person C. Birth D. Train
Ø Elbow : Arm: : Knee: ?
A. Walking B. Finger C.Leg D. Nose
Ø Car : Road : : Train : ?
A. Track B. Vehicle C. Fast D. Wheel
ØBaiting Hook : Fishing : : ?: Hunting
A. Loading Gun B. Firing Gun C. Game D. Aiming Gun
ØViolence : Activity : : Melancholy ?
A. Evening B. Cruelty C. Mood D. Silence

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 Answers Test: 1
Ø Arrival: Departure: :? Death
A. Life B. Person C. Birth D. Train
Ø Elbow : Arm: : Knee: ?
A. Walking B. Finger C.Leg D. Nose
Ø Car : Road : : Train : ?
A. Track B. Vehicle C. Fast D. Wheel
ØBaiting Hook: Fishing: : ?: Hunting
A. Loading Gun B. Firing Gun C. Game D. Aiming Gun
ØViolence : Activity: : Melancholy?
A. Evening B. Cruelty C. Mood D. Silence

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 Test: 2
Ø University : Institution : : Mayor : ?
A. Official B. Town C. Law D. Councilman
ØGrass : Soil : : Seaweed : ?
A. Water B. Salty C. River D. Fish
ØTruthfulness : Court : : Cleanliness : ?
A. Virtue B. Restaurant C. Bathroom D.Pig
ØEgg: Fish:: ? Plant
A. Leaf B. Branch C. Seed D. Stem
ØSuccess : Failure :: Comprehend: ?
A. False B. Error C. Mistake D. Misinterpret
ØPhonology: Phonemes:: Ombrology?
A. Rain B. Sound C. Diseases D. Patient
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 Answers Test: 2
Ø University : Institution : : Mayor : ?
A. Official B. Town C. Law D. Councilman
ØGrass : Soil : : Seaweed : ?
A. Water B. Salty C. River D. Fish
ØTruthfulness : Court : : Cleanliness : ?
A. Virtue B. Restaurant C. Bathroom D.Pig
ØEgg: Fish:: ? Plant
A. Leaf B. Branch C. Seed D. Stem
ØSuccess : Failure :: Comprehend: ?
A. False B. Error C. Mistake D. Misinterpret
ØPhonology: Phonemes:: Ombrology?
A. Rain B. Sound C. Diseases D. Patient
 Test: 3

1. College: Student:: Hospital:?

A. Nurse B. Doctor C. Treatment D. Patient
2. Cloth: Mill:: Newspaper:?
A. Editor B. Reader C. Paper D. Press
3. Peace: Chaos:: Creation:?
A. Build B. Construction C. Destruction D. Manufacture
4.Tiger : Forest :: Otter : ?
A. Cage B. Sky C. Nest D. Water
5. Window: Pane:: Book:?
A. Novel B. Cover C. Page D. Shop

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 Answers Test: 3
1. College: Student :: Hospital : ?
A. Nurse B. Doctor C. Treatment D. Patient
2.Cloth: Mill :: Newspaper : ?
A. Editor B. Reader C. Paper D. Press
3.Peace : Chaos :: Creation : ?
A. Build B. Construction C. Destruction D. Manufacture
4.Tiger : Forest :: Otter : ?
A. Cage B. Sky C. Nest D. Water
5. Window : Pane :: Book: ?
A. Novel B. Cover C. Page D. Shop

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 Test: 4
1. REASON: SFBTPO :: THINK:?
A.SGHMJ B.UIJOL C.UHNKI D.UJKPM
2. Humans: Hand:: BIRD: ?
A.Bush B.Grass C.Forest D.Beak
3. Flow: River:: Stagnant: ?
A. Rain B. Stream C. Pool D. Canal
4. Paw: Cat:: Hoof: ?
A. Lamb B. Elephant C. Lion D. Horse
5. Ornithologist: Bird:: Archaeologist:?
A. IslandsB. Mediators C. Archaeology D. Aquatic
6. Peacock: India:: Bear:?
A. Australia B. America C. Russia D. England
 Answers Test: 4
1. REASON: SFBTPO:: THINK:?
A.SGHMJ B.UIJOL C.UHNKI D.UJKPM
2. Humans : Hand:: BIRD: ?
A. Bush B. Grass C. Forest D. Beak
3. Flow : River :: Stagnant: ?
A. Rain B. Stream C. Pool D. Canal
4. Paw : Cat :: Hoof : ?
A. Lamb B. Elephant C. Lion D. Horse
5. Ornithologist : Bird :: Archaeologist : ?
A. Islands B. Mediators C. Archaeology D. Aquatic
6. Peacock : India :: Bear : ?
A. Australia B. America C. Russia D. England
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 Sources of Analogy
Books:
1. Winning English Grammar & Composition
2. CSPs MPT Book
3. Online Sources
Practice:
1. Winning English Grammar & Composition
2. CSPs Website and Other Online Test
3. CSPs MPT Book

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Section - 2

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 Section: 2 ( 10 Marks)
• Parts of Speech
• Phrases
• Clauses
• Sentences
 Parts of Speech
The division of words on their function/usage is called Parts of Speech;
1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Adjective
4. Verb
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection
 Noun
oProper Noun: A specific name for a person, place, or thing.
oParis is a beautiful city.
oCommon Noun: A general name for a person, place, or thing.
oMy city is located in Punjab.
oAbstract Noun: Names an idea, quality, or state rather than a concrete object.
oHappiness is key to a good life.
oConcrete Noun: They are something you can experience in physical form
oGold is a precious metal
oCollective Noun: Refers to a group of individuals or things.
oThe team won the game. A. Common B. Collective
oOnly one team has arrived yet. A. Common B. Collective
oGerund Noun: When a verb works as a noun.
oSmoking is not allowed here. A. Noun B. Verb
oHe is smoking here. A. Noun B. Verb
 Pronoun
§The word that replaces nouns is called pronouns. It has some types;
1. Personal (I, he, she, they and etc)
2. Indefinite (Everyone, all, some, anything, nobody and etc)
3. Relative (Who, which, whom, when, where that and etc)
4. Demonstrative (This, that, these and those)
5. Interrogative (When, why, where, who and etc)
6. Reflexive (Himself, herself, myself and etc)

Ahmad is my student who can pass CSS Exam.

A. Interrogative B. Reflexive C. Relative D. Non of these

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 Adjective
1. Descriptive Adjective: Describes quality or characteristic.
oShe has a beautiful dress.
2. Quantitative Adjective: Describes the quantity.
oI have three pencils.
3. Demonstrative Adjective: Points out specific nouns.
oThat book is interesting.
 Verb
1. Action Verb (Present form, Past form, Past Participles form and
Present participle form)
2. Auxiliary/Helping Verb (Be, Do, Has and Will)
3. Modal Verb (Can, May, Use to, Has to, Must, Should and Ought to)
4. Infinitive Verb (Start with ‘to’)
Ahmad wants to pass the exam and be in the top position.
5. Transitive Verb: Needs a direct object
oHe kicked the ball.
6. Intransitive Verb: Does not need a direct object
oShe sleeps peacefully.

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 Adverb
1. Adverb of Manner: Describes how something happens.
oShe sings beautifully.
2. Adverb of Time: Tells when something happens.
o He will arrive tomorrow.
3. Adverb of Place: Tells where something happens.
oThey live here.
4. Adverb of Frequency: Tells how often something happens.
oShe always wakes up early.
5. Adverb of Degree: Tells the intensity or degree.
oIt is very cold today.
 Preposition
A preposition shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another a
word or a phrase or a clause.
 Conjunction
1. Subordinate
Awais has a master’s degree although he works as a storekeeper.
2. Coordinating (FANBOYS)
Ali is a student, but his teachers like him due to his wisdom.
3. Corelative
He is not only a hardworking student but also a very intelligent person.
 Test: 1
1. Despite the rain, the match continued as planned.
a) Adverb b) Preposition c) Conjunction d) Interjection
2. The chef bakes delicious cakes every morning.
a) Modal verb b) Transitive verb c) Intransitive verb d) None of these
3. I told them to leave, for I was very tired.
a) Preposition b) Conjunction c) Adverb d) None of these
4. I have bought a coloured bag from the market.
a) Verb b) Noun c) Adverb d) None of these
 Test: 1
1. Despite the rain, the match continued as planned.
a) Adverb b) Preposition c) Conjunction d) Interjection
2. The chef bakes delicious cakes every morning.
a) Modal verb b) Transitive verb c) Intransitive verb d) None of these
3. I told them to leave, for I was very tired.
a) Preposition b) Conjunction c) Adverb d) None of these
4. I have bought a coloured bag from the market.
a) Verb b) Noun c) Adverb d) None of these
 Phrase
A group of words that does not have both a subject and a verb;
It has five major types;
1. Adjective Phrase: The girl in a white dress is my elder sister.
2. Adverb Phrase: They spoke to me in a very pleasant manner.
3. Noun Phrase: Reading books gives us knowledge and pleasure.
4. Prepositional Phrase: They are playing on the road.

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 Test: Identify the Phrase
1. She is reading a book in the library. “In the library" is a:
A. Verb Phrase B. Noun Phrase C. Prepositional Phrase D. None of these

2. The man with the blue hat is my uncle. "With the blue hat" is a:
A. Verb Phrase B. Noun Phrase C. Prepositional Phrase D. None of these

3. She is extremely happy about the result. "Extremely happy" is a:

A. Verb Phrase B. Noun Phrase C. Adjective Phrase D. None of these

4. They are going to the mall. "Going to the mall" is a:

A. Verb Phrase B. Noun Phrase C. Prepositional Phrase D. None of these

5. He decided to join the team. "To join the team" is a:

A. Verb Phrase B. Infinitive Phrase C. Noun Phrase D. None of these
 Test: 2 Identify the Phrase
1. She is reading a book in the library. “In the library" is a:
A. Verb Phrase B. Noun Phrase C. Prepositional Phrase D. None of these
2. The man with the blue hat is my uncle. "With the blue hat" is a:
A. Verb Phrase B. Noun Phrase C. Prepositional Phrase D. None of these
3. She is extremely happy about the result. "Extremely happy" is a:
A. Verb Phrase B. Noun Phrase C. Adjective Phrase D. None of these
4. They are going to the mall. "Going to the mall" is a:
A. Verb Phrase B. Noun Phrase C. Prepositional Phrase D. None of these
5. He decided to join the team. "To join the team" is a:
A. Verb Phrase B. Infinitive Phrase C. Noun Phrase D. Prep. Phrase
 Clause

A group of words with both a subject & verb that cannot convey full meaning.
Every clause has its own subject and verb. It has two types;
1. Dependent
2. Independent
• Although Awais works as a storekeeper.
• Awais has a master degree although he works as a store keeper.

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 Test: 3
1. Even though it was raining, they decided to go hiking, but they took their umbrellas.
"Even though it was raining" is a:
A. Independent Clause B. Dependent Clause
2. She studied hard for the exam because she wanted to get good grades, although she
wasn’t feeling well. "Because she wanted to get good grades" is a:
A. Independent Clause B. Dependent Clause
3. I didn't know that he was planning a surprise party until he mentioned it yesterday. "I
didn't know" is a:
A. Independent Clause B. Dependent Clause
4. Whenever they travel to the city, they visit their favourite restaurant, which serves the
best baryani. "Which serves the best sushi" is a:
A. Independent Clause B. Dependent Clause
5. She will not attend the meeting unless her boss asks her to, even though she has a lot to
contribute. "Unless her boss asks her to" is a:
A. Independent Clause B. Dependent Clause
 Test
1. Even though it was raining, they decided to go hiking, but they took their umbrellas. "Even
though it was raining" is a:
A. Independent Clause B. Dependent Clause
2. She studied hard for the exam because she wanted to get good grades, although she wasn’t
feeling well. "Because she wanted to get good grades" is a:
A. Independent Clause B. Dependent Clause
3. I didn't know that he was planning a surprise party until he mentioned it yesterday. "I didn't
know" is
A. Independent Clause B. Dependent Clause
4. Whenever they travel to the city, they visit their favourite restaurant, which serves the best
baryani. "Which serves the best sushi" is a:
A. Independent Clause B. Dependent Clause
Answer: B. Dependent Clause
5. She will not attend the meeting unless her boss asks her to, even though she has a lot to
contribute.
"Unless her boss asks her to" is a:
A. Independent Clause B. Dependent Clause
 Sentence
A set of words that are typically containing a subject and predicate (verb
and/or object ), conveying a single idea.
It has different functions: statement/action, question, command, exclamation •
and prayer/wish.
It consists of a main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses. It •
can be divided in two ways;

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 Types of Sentences (Function) 1/2
1. Assertive (Statement or action)
• He is my student.
• They have learnt many things.
• They play with words.
2. Interrogative (Question )
• How Pakistan is poor in management?/.
• Are you going?
• Why are you going?
• Why you are going.
3. Imperative (Order, request, advice & suggestion)
• Get out of this room.
• Please leave this room.
• Leave this room.
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 Types of Sentences (Function) 2/2
4. Exclamatory (Happiness, sadness, praise, wonder and surprise)
• Alas! We lost this match.
• We have lost this match, alas! We shall play well next time..
• This is a huge dog!
• What a horse you have bought!
5. Optative (Wish and prayer)
May you live long.
Would that the Quaid were alive to see our fate today!

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 Types of Sentences (Structure)
1. Simple
2. Complex
3. Compound
4. Compound Complex

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 Simple Sentence
A simple sentence structure contains one independent clause and no
dependent clause.
Ali is a student. He is my friend as well. He is also a wise student.

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 Complex Sentence
A complex sentence has one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
vWho has passed CSS.
vAlthough Awais has master degree.
Since a dependent clause cannot stand on its own as a sentence, complex
sentences must also have at least one independent clause.
vAwais is my student who has passed CSS.
vAwais works as a storekeeper although he has master degree.
vAlthough he has master degree, Awais works as a storekeeper
It needs a Relative Pronoun (who, where,what, which, when and that) or
Subordinate Conjunction (until, if, although and after) to combine two clauses
or Commas.

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 How to Combine Clauses
• When we reached the place, the train had already left.
• The train had already left the place when we reached.
• Although Awais has a master’s degree, he works as a storekeeper.
• I read what she wrote.
• Awais, who has passed CSS, is my student.

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 Compound Sentence
A compound sentence is composed of at least two independent clauses. It does
not require a dependent clause. A Coordinating Conjunction joins the clauses
(FANBOYS require a comma and remaining do not), a Semicolon that
functions as a conjunction and a Transition word.
vAli is a student, but his teachers like him due to his wisdom.
vAli is a student; his teachers like him due to his wisdom.
vAli is a student; however, he is liked by his teachers due to his wisdom

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 Compound Complex Sentences
• A compound-complex sentence has at least two independent clauses and at
least one dependent clause.
• They are the most sophisticated and complicated sentences.
1. My daughter doesn’t like cartoons because they are loud, so she doesn’t
watch them.
2. Because cartoons are loud, my daughter doesn’t like them, so she doesn’t
watch them.
3. My daughter doesn’t like cartoons, so she doesn’t watch them because they
are loud.

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 Test: 5 Identify the Type of Sentences
In this century, global warming has emerged as a new threat for human beings .1
D) None of these c) Complex b) Compound a) Simple
2. She is innocent, so she has appealed to the court.
D) None of these c) Complex b) Compound a) Simple
3. If you are not ready with the song, it is better to let them know.
D) None of these c) Complex b) Compound a) Simple
4. She will come home or I will stay back at her place.
D) None of these c) Complex b) Compound a) Simple
5. In the evening, I am going to the park.
D) None of these c) Complex b) Compound Simple (a
6. I did not know that this food was meant only for the staff.
D) None of these c) Complex b) Compound a) Simple
 Test: 5 Identify the Type of Sentences
In this century, global warming has emerged as a new threat for human beings .1
D) None of these c) Complex b) Compound a) Simple
2. She is innocent, so she has appealed to the court.
D) None of these c) Complex b) Compound a) Simple
3. If you are not ready with the song, it is better to let them know.
D) None of these c) Complex b) Compound a) Simple
4. She will come home, or I will stay back at her place.
D) None of these c) Complex b) Compound a) Simple
5. In the evening, I am going to the park.
D) None of these c) Complex b) Compound Simple (a
6. I did not know that this food was meant only for the staff; therefore, I have taken it.
D) None of these c) Complex b) Compound a) Simple
Sources of Parts of Parts of Speech, Phrases, Clauses
and Sentences
Books:
1. Winning English Grammar & Composition
2. CSPs MPT Book
3. High School English Grammar by Wren and Martin
4. English Grammar in Use by Raymond Morphy
5. Online Tests
Practice:
1. Winning English Grammar & Composition
2. CSPs Website for Online Test
3. CSPs MPT Book

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Section - 3

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 Section: 3 ( 5 Marks)
• Direct and Indirect Speech: Narration
• Active and Passive Voice
 Narration
The art of reporting the words of a speaker is known as Narration. There are
two ways to convey a message to a person or the words spoken by a person to
other people.
Direct speech: She says, “He is here.”
Indirect speech: She says that he is here.
It involves a conversation between three and more persons. o
Suppose your friend whose name is Javed tells you in school, “I will give you o
a pen”. You come home and you want to tell your brother what your friend
told you. There are two ways to tell him.
Direct speech: Javed said, “I will give you a pen.”
Indirect Speech: Javed said that he would give me/you/him/her/them/us a
pen.
Sentences must have two parts/clauses;
First part (Reporting)
Second part (Reported)
He said, “I am here.”
He said that he was there.
This process requires three kinds of changes and these are:
1. Change in some Words
2. Change in Tenses
3. Change in Pronouns
 1.Changes in Some Words
Note: Only if the first part is in the Past Tense
1. Here There
2. This That
3. Today That day
4. Yesterday Previous day
5. Tomorrow Next day
6. Now Then
7. Ago Before
8. Must Had to
9. Should Should have to
He said, “He is here.” He said that he was there.
He says, “He is here.” He says that he is here.
 2.Change in Tense
Note: Only if the first part is in Past Tense and the following ways
Present simple tense into Past simple
Present Continuous tense into Past continuous
Present Perfect tense into Pas perfect
Present Perfect Continuous into Past perfect con
Past simple into Past Perfect
Past Continuous into Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect (Change is not required)
Past Perfect Continuous (Change is not required)
Future simple, will into would
Future Continuous will be into would be
Future Perfect will have into would have
ØHe goes to a school. He went to a school.
ØHe did it yesterday. He had done it the previous day.
ØHe was reading. He had been reading.
ØHe had left it. He had left it.
ØHe will go there. He would go there.
ØI shall go there. I would go there.
 3.Changes in Pronoun in Indirect Speech
The pronoun of the 2nd part is changed according to the pronoun of 1st
part;
S ubject Object N ever Change

I II III
Javed said, “I will give you a pen today”.
Javed said that he would give me/you/him/her/them/us a pen that day.
1. First person pronoun in 2nd part (I, we, me, us, my/mine and
our/ours) is changed according to the subject of the 1st part

2. Second person pronoun in 2nd part (you and your/yours) is

changed according to the person of the object of 1st part

3. Third person pronoun in 2nd speech (he, she, it, they, him, his,
her, them and their) is not changed in indirect speech.
 Test: 1
1. They say, “We are writing a book here.”
A. They say that they are writing a book there.
B. They say that tshe are writing a book here.
2. She said, “We will not attend your tour on Saturday.”
A. She said that they would not attend your tour on Saturday.
B. She said that she would not attend your tour on Saturday.

3. He says, “You cannot play now”, to me.

A. He tells to me that he cannot play now.
B. He tells me that I cannot play now.

4. They said that they were writing a book there.

A. They say, “We are writing a book here.”
B. They said, “They are writing a book here.”
 Answer: 1
1. They say, “We are writing a book here.”
A. They say that they are writing a book there.
B. They say that they are writing a book here.
2. She said, “We will not attend your tour on Saturday.”
A. She said that they would not attend your tour on Saturday.
B. She said that she would not attend your tour on Saturday.
3. He says, “You cannot play now”, to me.
A. He tells to me that he cannot play now.
B. He tells me that I cannot play now.
They said that they were writing a book there.
A. They say, “We are writing a book here.”
B. They said, “They are writing a book here.”
5. He said, “The sun rises from the east.”
A. He said that the sun rises from the east.
B. He said that the sun rose from the east.
 Kind of Sentences and Narration
Note: These changes are required in the Reporting Speech
1. Assertive
2. Interrogative
3. Imperative
4. Exclamatory
5. Optative
 Specific Changes in Sentences
1. Change in the Reporting Verb ( SAY, SAYS & SAID) into TELL, ASK,
ENQUIRE, ADVISE, REQUEST, ORDER, SUGGEST, EXCLAIM,
PRAY AND WISH)
2. Use the conjunction THAT/IF/WHETHER/TO at the place of quotation
marks to connect two clauses.
3. ALL OTHER TYPES of Sentences will be changed to Assertive
Sentences
 Assertive Sentences
1. If there exists an object after Reporting Verb then changes say/says/said
to tell/tells/told
2. O c c a s i o n a l l y , s a y / s a y s / s a i d i s c h a n g e d t o
reply/replied/inform/informed/state/stated/assert/asserted, etc
3. Put conjunction that at the place of quotation marks to connect two
clauses.
 Examples
Javed said, “I will give you a pen.”
Javed said that he would give me a pen.

He said to me, “He is my friend.”

He told me that he was his friend.

Note: Do omit the preposition “to” after tell, told, ask, asked, enquire
and enquired.
 Interrogative Sentences (Wh and helping verb )
1. An interrogative sentence is meant to ask questions; therefore, in
R e p o r t i n g Ve r b s a y / s a y s / s a i d i s c h a n g e d t o
ask/asked/enquire/enquired respectively.
2. Conjunction, that, is not required but add if/whether to connect two
clauses if questions start with a helping verb. However, you do not
need any conjunction, if and whether, if Interrogative Sentences start
with W Family.
3. Interrogative Sentences will be changed to Assertive Sentences
 Examples
1. I said to him “ What did you eat yesterday?”
I asked him what he had eaten the previous day.

2. He said to you, “Will you go to Lahore tomorrow?”

He enquired you if/whether you would go to Lahore the next day.
 Question
He said, “Why are you appearing in CSS?”
A. He asked if why you were appearing in CSS?
B. He asked why you were appearing in CSS.
C. He asked why you were appearing in CSS?
 Imperative Sentences (order, request, advise
and suggestion)

1. Reporting Verbs like say/says/said the change to tune of the verb in

Reported Verbs:
order/ordered/request/requested/suggest/suggested/advise/advised

1. Put preposition to at place of quotation marks to connect the two

clauses
 Examples

Ø He said to the peon, “Get out of my office.”

He ordered the peon to get out of his office.

Ø He said to my father, “Please forgive me this time.”

He requested my father to forgive him at that time

Ø He said, “Let me do my work.”

He requested to let him do his work.

Ø He said, “Let us go to a river.”

He proposed to let them go to a river.
He proposed that they should go to a river.
 Exclamatory Sentences (Sadness, happiness,
praise and surprise/wonder)
1. Reporting Verbs like say/says/said the change to tune of the verb in
Reported Verbs: Exclaimed with happiness/sadness/wonder/surprise/praise

1. Put conjunction that at the palace of quotation marks to connect the two
clauses

1. Exclamatory Sentences will be changed to Assertive Sentences

 Examples
1. He said, “ What a beautiful horse I have bought!”
He exclaimed with wonder that he had bought a very beautiful horse.

2. We said, “How old this woman is!”

We exclaimed with great surprise that that woman was very old.

3. He said, “Hurrah! I have won the match.”

He exclaimed with joy that he had won the match.
 Optative Sentences (Prayer and wish)
1. Reporting Verbs like say/says/said change to tune of the verb in Reported
Verbs: Prayed/wished
2. Put conjunction that at palace of quotation marks to connect the two
clauses
3. Optative Sentences will be changed to Assertive Sentences
 Optative Sentences (Prayer and wish)
1.He said, “May my son pass the examination!”
He prayed that his son might pass the examination.

2.The teacher said, “Would that I were on leave today!”

The teacher wished that he had been on leave that day.

3. People said, “Would that Quaid were alive to see our fate today!”
People wished that Quaid had been alive to see their fate that day.
 Test
1. The policeman said, "What is your name? Where are you going?”
(a) The policeman asked what was his name and where he was going.
(b) The policeman asked his name and where he was going.
(c) The policeman asked what is his name and where he is going.
(d) The policeman told what was his name and where he was going.

2. Nasir said, "I am going to Gujrat on three days' leave."

(a) Nasir asked that he was going to Gujrat on three days' leave.
(b) Nasir said that he was going to Gujrat on three days' leave.
(c) Nasir said he was going to Gujrat on three days’ leave.
(d) Nasir told that he is going to Gujrat on three days' leave.
 Answer
1. The policeman said, "What is your name? Where are you going?”
(a) The policeman asked what his name was and where he was going.
(b) The policeman asked his name and where he was going.
(c) The policeman asked what is his name and where he is going.
(d) The policeman told what was his name and where he was going.

2. Nasir said, "I am going to Gujrat on three days' leave."

(a) Nasir asked that he was going to Gujrat on three days' leave.
(b) Nasir said that he was going to Gujrat on three days' leave.
(c) Nasir said he was going to Gujrat on three days’ leave.
(d) Nasir told that he is going to Gujrat on three days' leave.
 Test: …Cont’d
3. The teacher said, "Let the boy go home now.”
(a) The teacher asked if the boy might be allowed to go home then.
(b) The teacher said the boy might be allowed to go home then.
(c) The teacher allowed to let the boy to go home then.
(d) The teacher said that the boy may be allowed to go home now.

4. I said to him, "Good morning, how do you do?.“

(a) I said to him that good morning, how he did.
(b) I wished him good morning and asked him how he did.
(c) I told him good morning and asked him how he did.
 Answer: …Cont’d

3. The teacher said, "Let the boy go home now.”

(a) The teacher asked if the boy might be allowed to go home then.
(b) The teacher said the boy might be allowed to go home then.
(c) The teacher allowed to let the boy to go home then.
(d) The teacher said that the boy may be allowed to go home now.

4. I said to him, "Good morning, how do you do.”

(a) I said to him that good morning, how he did.
(b) I wished him good morning and asked him how he did.
(c) I told him good morning and asked him how he did.
 Test: …Cont’d
5. I said, "My friend, be a man. Why are you afraid of confessing your guilt
honestly?”
(a) I told my friend to be a man and asked him why he was afraid of confessing
his guilt honestly.
(b) l addressed my friend and advised him to be a man.
(c) 1 further asked him why he was afraid of confessing him guilt honestly.
(d) He should be a man and confess his guilt honestly, I said.
 Answer: …Cont’d
5. I said, "My friend, be a man. Why are you afraid of confessing your guilt
honestly?”
(a) I told my friend to be a man and asked him why he was afraid of confessing
his guilt honestly.
(b) l addressed my friend and advised him to be a man.
(c) 1 further asked him why he was afraid of confessing him guilt honestly.
(d) He should be a man and confess his guilt honestly, I said.
Active and Passive Voice
 Active and Passive Voice
• Voice is a grammatical construction of the sentence where the focus of
the writer can be judged: On the subject or the object
• The Active Voice can be used when the subject of a sentence acts on
an object.
• In Passive Voice a subject is acted upon by the object. In other words,
the subject receives the action, and the object does the action.

• Mudasir has mailed the letter.

• The letter has been mailed by Mudasir.
 Required Changes
I have delivered a lecture today.
A lecture has been delivered by me today.

1. Change the placement of the Subject and the Object

2. Add the Auxiliary Verb (be, is, am, are, was, were, been &
being ) before the main verb
3. Add a Preposition ‘by’ before the subject in Passive Sentences
4. Only the Third Form (Past Participle) of the Verb is needed in the
Passive Voice
 Present It is washed.
Simple
Past It was washed.
(Is,Am,Are,Was,Were& Be)
Future It will be washed.
Present It is being washed.
Continuous Past It was being washed.
(Being)
Future It will be being washed.
Present It has been washed.
Perfect Simple
Past It had been washed.
(Been)
Future It will have been washed.
Present It has been being washed.
Perfect Continuous Past It had been being washed.
(Being)
Future It will have been being washed.
 Required Changes …Cont’d
Note: Start Imperative Sentences with ‘let’
1. Open the door.
Let the door be opened
 Test
1. I am playing cricket.
(a) Cricket had been being played by me.
(b) Cricket is being played by me.
(c) Cricket was being played by me.
(d) Cricket has been played by me.

2. Was the servant bringing tea?

(a) Has tea bring brought by the servant?
(b) Was tea being brought by the servant?
(c) Is tea being brought by the servant?
(d) Was tea bringing by the servant?
 Answer
1. I am playing cricket.
(a) Cricket had been being played by me.
(b) Cricket is being played by me.
(c) Cricket was being played by me.
(d) Cricket has been played by me.
2.Was the servant bringing tea?
(a) Has tea bring brought by the servant?
(b) Was tea being brought by the servant?
(c) Is tea being brought by the servant?
(d) Was tea bringing by the servant?
 Test …Cont’d
3. Let her watch the movie.
(a) Let the movie been watched by her.
(b) Let the movie being watched by her.
(c) Let the movie watch by her.
(d) Let the movie be watched by her.

4. We should spray our homes with insecticide to kill the flies.

(a) Our homes should be sprayed by us with insecticide to kill the flies.
(b) Our homes should been sprayed with insecticide to kill the flies by us.
(c) Our homes should being sprayed with insecticide to kill the flies by us.
(d) Our homes must been sprayed with insecticide to kill the flies by us.
 Answer
…Cont’d
3. Let her watch the movie.
(a) Let the movie been watched by her.
(b) Let the movie being watched by her.
(c) Let the movie watch by her.
(d) Let the movie be watched by her.

4. We should spray our homes with insecticide to kill the flies.

(a) Our homes should be sprayed by us with insecticide to kill the flies.
(b) Our homes should been sprayed with insecticide to kill the flies by us.
(c) Our homes should being sprayed with insecticide to kill the flies by us.
(d) Our homes must been sprayed with insecticide to kill the flies by us.
 Test …Cont’d

5. Can any evidence of their claim be given by them?

(a) Can they gave any evidence of their claim?
(b) Can they give any evidence of their claim.
(c) Can they give any evidence of their claim?
(d) Can any evidence of their claim be given by them?
 Answer …Cont’d

5. Can any evidence of their claim be given by them?

(a) Can they gave any evidence of their claim?
(b) Can they give any evidence of their claim.
(c) Can they give any evidence of their claim?
(d) Can any evidence of their claim be given by them?
 Sources of Narration & Voices
Books:
1. Winning English Grammar & Composition
2. CSPs MPT Book
3. High School English Grammar by Wren and Martin
4. English Grammar in Use by Raymond Morphy
5. Online Tests
Practice:
1. Winning English Grammar & Composition
2. CSPs Website for Online Test
3. CSPs MPT Book

Mureed Hussain Jasra 03335601593

Section - 4

Mureed Hussain Jasra 03335601593

 Section: 4 ( 8 Marks)
• Sentence Correction
 Sentences Correction
It is a twofold process, actually sentence correction basically involves
constructing right meaning from the written word. It is included in
CSS exam to check following two abilities;
A. Recognition of Error
B. Correction of Error
 Recognition of Error
It is the process of chalking down the mistakes in a sentence. There are only
six types of mistakes; these common errors in sentence construction are;
1. Error of Replacement: I suspect that you will recover soon.
2. Error of Omission: He has resigned from this post.
3. Error of Commission: He asked where you were going?
4. Error of Grammar (Tenses, preposition, punctuation, use of article, conditional sentences
and spelling) One of my student has passed CSS.
5. The Dangling Modifier: He has passed CSS finally.
6. The Comma Splice: They want to visit Lahore, they are unable to get
ticket.
 Correction of Error
It is the process to apply the rules on mistakes which are marked in the first process; there
are some common 37 rules to correct the mistakes

Rule 1: Clause that must appear together

Scarcely – when, No Sooner – Than, Such – As, Although – Yet, Else – But, Seldom – Never,
As – As, As – That, Both – And, Not only – But also, Not – But.

Although he is a hard working student but he has failed to get

good marks.
Rule 2: Two or more singular nouns joined by “AND” require a plural verb
Aslam and Ali were sleeping.
Gold and silver are precious metals.
Fire and water do not agree.
He and I were playing.
Rule 3: If nouns, although joined by “AND”, present one idea, they must
have singular verb.
Law and order is the key concern of Pakistan.
The horse and carriage is at the door.
Time and tides waits for no man.
Honor and glory is his reward.
Rule 4: Singular subjects joined by “ WITH, AS WELL AS, OR, NOR” require a singular verb.
Silver as well as gold have/has fallen in price.
The house with its contents was insured.
No nook or corner was left unexplored
Neither praise nor blame seems to effect him.
Neither food nor water was to be found here.

Rule 5: When one singular and one plural nouns are joined together by “OR” or “NOR”
(1) The verb must be plural and(2) the plural subject should be placed near the verb.
Neither the directors nor the chairman is present.
Neither the directors nor the chairman are present.
Neither the chairman nor the directors are present.
 Question!
1. Neither the directors nor the chairman is present.
2. Neither the directors nor the chairman are present.
3. Neither the chairman nor the directors are present.
Rule 6: When subjects are joined by “OR or NOR” of different persons, the verb agrees
with the nearer. (231)

I and he ll appear in CSS . (Incorrect)

Neither he nor i am at fault.
Neither you nor he is to blame.

Rule 7: Many a, Either, Neither, Each, Everyone and One of must be followed with a
singular verb even if it represents plural subjects.

Neither of two men was very strong.

Each of the prisons is full.
Everyone of the boys loves to ride.
Each of these substances is found in Pakistan.
One of my friends is here.
 Test
1. I, they and you will appear in CSS soon.
2. You, they and I will appear in CSS soon.
Rule 8: Two nouns qualified by “EACH and EVERY”, even though connected
by “AND” require a singular verb.
Every boy and every girl was given a pencil.
Each lady and each man was present.
Rule 9: Some nouns seem plural, though they are not plural and they take
singular verbs.
The news is true.
Measles is contagious.
Mathematics is a complex subject.
Rule 10: When a plural noun (Quantitative) reflects a specific quantity, it
requires a singular verb.
Fifteen minutes is allowed to each speaker.
A few minutes are allowed to each speaker.
Ten kilometers is a long walk.
Many kilometers are still remaining.
Ten boys are here.
 Test
1. Fifteen minutes is allowed to each speaker.
2. Fifteen minutes are allowed to each speaker.
------------------------------------
1. Some millions has been given for this project.
2. Some millions have been given for this project.
Rule 11: When two quantitative nouns are combined, the latter will be in
singular form.
1. Ten-kilometers is a long walk. (Incorrect)
2. Ten-kilometer is a long walk.
3. That wall is ten–feet long. (Incorrect)
4. That wall is ten–foot (not ten-feet).

Rule 12: Countable nouns (whole numbers like people, chairs, tables,
etc) require few/any and uncountable nouns (Milk, Water , etc)
require less/some.
1. There are few chairs in this class room.
2. There is less water in the glass.
3. The president received few votes in elections.
Rule 13: Either or Neither is used while comparing two nouns, for more than
two use Anyone/All.
Either Ali or Ahsan will win the race.
Either of these three answers are incorrect.
All of these three answers are incorrect.
She is taller than anyone of her five sisters.

Rule 14: A second degree of adjective is used when comparing of two, the
superlative degree is used in case of more than two.
Ali is taller and wiser of my two sons.
Ali is the tallest and the wisest of my all sons.
 NOTE: When superlative degree is used exclusion is not allowed, when
second degree is used exclusion is recommended.
1. Karachi is the biggest city than any other city of Pakistan.
(Incorrect)
2. Karachi is the biggest city of all cities in Pakistan.
3. Karachi is bigger than any other city of Pakistan.

1. He is the tallest boy than any other boy of this class. (Incorrect)
2. He is the tallest boy of this class.
3. He is taller than any other boy of this class.
Rule 15: BETWEEN is used in a comparison of two, while AMONG is
used for more than two.

Rule 16: When comparing age of two or more people (1) use OLDER or
OLDEST when people are not sibling and (2) use Elder or Eldest when
two individuals are sibling.
Ali is older than his cousin.
Ali is elder to his sister.
Our elders have made efforts to make Pakistan.
Rule 17: Words like junior, senior, elder, inferior, superior, anterior,
posterior etc take TO instead of THAN when compared.
Ali is senior to Ahsan.
Gold is superior to silver.

Rule 18: FORMER/LATTER is used when two things are mentioned,

for more than two things use FIRST/ LAST.
Of Ali and Ahmed, the latter is a better speaker.
Of tea, coffee and coca, the last is favorite.
Rule 19: LIKE is an adverb not a conjunction.
He speaks like his father does. (in correct)
He speaks as his father does. (correct)
He speaks like his father. (correct)
 Conditional Sentences
Conditional sentences are used to speculate about what could happen,
what might have happened, and what we wish would happen. In
English, most sentences using the conditional contain the word if.
 Test
1. If you heat ice, it will melt.
2. If you heat ice, it melts.
3. If Essay paper leaks, FPSC cancels the paper.
4. If Essay paper leaks, FPSC will cancel the paper.
5. If Essay paper leaked, FPSC will cancel the paper.
6. If Essay paper leaked, FPSC would cancel the paper.
7. If Essay paper had leaked, FPSC would cancel the paper.
8. If Essay paper had leaked ,FPSC would have canceled the paper.
 Answer
1. If you heat ice, it will melt.
2. If you heat ice, it melts.
3. If Essay paper leaks ,FPSC cancels the paper.
4. If Essay paper leaks, FPSC will cancel the paper.
5. If Essay paper leaked, FPSC will cancel the paper.
6. If Essay paper leaked, FPSC would cancel the paper.
7. If Essay paper had leaked, FPSC would cancel the paper.
8. If Essay paper had leaked, FPSC would have canceled the paper.
Rule:22
Rule 21
A: Simple Past is used for far past and Present Perfect is used for near past
He has delivered a lecture yesterday.( in correct)
He delivered a lecture yesterday.( correct)
B: Continuous as well as Perfect Continuous is used to convey action in
progress.
He is delivering a lecture since 5 pm.(in correct)
He has been delivering a lecture since 5 pm.(correct)
He has been reading --- last three hours. (Since vs far)

Rule 22: Modifiers should be placed near the word they intend to modify.
Only the President can dissolve assemblies in Pakistan.
The President can only dissolve assemblies in Pakistan.
Rule 23: Two negatives do not make a sense, avoid using them.
I have not got none (any).
I could not find it nowhere (anywhere).

Rule 24: Do not use negative sentence after UNLESS, UNTIL.

You can never succeed until you do not work hard. (in correct)
You can never succeed until you work hard. (correct)

Unless you do not apologies, I shall punish you. (in correct)

Unless you do apologies, I shall punish you. (correct)
Rule 25: Abstract nouns have no plural, like courage, wisdom, honesty etc

Rule 26: WHO is subject, WHOM is object, WHOSE is possessive. For

nonliving we shall use which and that , not who.
1. Awais has consulted a teacher who he met in the college.
2. He was Thomas Jefferson, I think whom was the third president of the United
States.

Rule 27: One must be proceeded by ones not him/her.

1. They must focus on his studies.
2. An individual must focus on his studies.
3. One must boast of his great qualities.
4. One must boast of one’s/ones great qualities.
Rule 28:
• (A) Nouns that cannot be plural:
Scenery, advice, soap, abuse, information, work, knowledge, clothing, luggage,
furniture, apparatus, lightening, wind, luck, bread, furniture, thunder
I have given him many advices. (Incorrect)
Make plural in following ways;
Pieces of advice, knowledge, information, etc.
Articles of clothing, luggage, furniture, etc.
Hails of abuse
Flashes of lightening
Gusts of wind
Claps of thunder
Bars of soap
• (B) Nouns that have same singular and plural form:
Swine, sheep, deer, cord, salmon, trout, mackerel, fish, hair,
crossroads, gallows, innings, offspring, vice, aircraft, council, cannon,
means
(C) The collective nouns that are used as plural only:
Poultry, cattle, vermin, gentry, peasantry, police, public, people
Cattles are grazing here. (Incorrect)
Rule 29: Nouns that function as adjectives
When a noun describes another one coming after it, the describing noun comes in its
pure form.
House door, Monday night, Easter holiday, holiday dress, shoe store, hall table, eye
specialist
Pakistan’s foreign policy, Pakistan foreign policy
Examples:
Put this book on the hall’s table. (incorrect)
Put this book on the hall table.

Rule30: Nouns that have unique plural forms

(Plural) Phenomena, bacteria, consortia, fungi, geese, mice, lice, criteria
Singular forms of these singulars are:
(Singular) Phenomenon, bacterium, consortium, fungus, goose, mouse, louse, criterion
 Test
• It is me who challenge you.
• This book is for he.
• He resigns from this post.
• He has been shortlisted himself for this post.
Rule 31: The complement of the verb ‘ Be: is, am, are, was, were , being
and been’ should be in Nominative (subjective) form
Examples: (is/am----subjective)
It is I who challenge you. (note the use of verb)
If I were he I would not do it. (note the use of were)
I am she whom you want to see.
I am she who wants to meet you. (note the use of verb)
It is they whom you did not recognize yesterday.
It is we who are to blame.
NOTE: it’s me is now accepted as idiomatic and is rather more in use.
Rule 32: The object of a preposition should be in accusative (objective) form
Between you and me (not i) affairs look dark.
1. All failed except he. (Incorrect)
2. All failed expect him.
Rule 34:
(A) VERBS used in the following sentences must be followed by REFLEXIVE
PRONOUNS(Avail,absent,enjoy,resign,apply,acquit,overreach,revenge,exert,disti
nguish)
You must avail yourself of this opportunity.
He should not absent himself from the school during these days.
(B) The following VERBS should not be followed by REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
(Enlist, bathe, qualify, rest, keep, draw, burst, lengthen, stop, etc.)
He wants to enlist in the army.
After bathing, he put on the best suit of his wardrobe.
Rule 35: when a sentence starts with a CONJUNCTION, then it is not
required to link phrases with another CONJUNCTION:
As he is fat so he runs slowly. (incorrect)
As he is fat, he runs slowly. (correct)
Because he is clever therefore he gets good marks. (incorrect)
Because he is clever, he gets good marks. (correct)
 Test
• He has built a beautiful home.
• Due to heavy rain I cannot leave my place in such circumstances.
• I have paid my debt.
• He said to me that he would not appear in CSS exam.
Rule 36:
CONFUSING WORDS LIST
Circumstance- environment,,, house-home,,,,,,, stay – stop ,,,, smart –
bright ,,,, suspect – expect ,,,,, folk – family ,,,,,,, magnificent -pretty,,,, lot
– many ,,,, settled - paid ,,,, trouble – pain ,,,, waiting - reserve,,,, females
- women,,,, dress - suit,,,, sign - signature,,,, uneasy -unwell,,,, less -
small,,,, somewhat - some,,,, which – as ,,,, some - one,,,, both – whether ,,,,
see - look,,,, say – tell -call,,,, forward - offer,,,, know - believe,,,, intend –
wish - want,,,, fetch – bring ,,,, break - tear,,,, keep - put,,,, would - used
to,,,, substitute - replace,,,, too - very,,,,, perhaps - probably,,,, back - behind.
 Test: 1

1. I feel unwell among lazy people.

2. He is not only a hard working student but also a kind person.
3. Unless you do not work hard you cannot pass CSS exam.
4. An inquiry commission has been appointed to investigate this scandal.
5. I have great faith on you.
6. My work is superior to his
7. Either of these three answers are incorrect.
8. If you will run, you catch the train.
9. Ganges is a holy river.
10. He has finally reached at the top of the mountain.
11. He cannot get good marks, he is not a hard working student.
 Answer: 1

1. I feel unwell among lazy people.

2. He is not only a hard working student but also a kind person.
3. Unless you do not work hard you cannot pass CSS exam.
4. An inquiry commission has been appointed to investigate this scandal.
5. I have great faith on you.
6. My work is superior to his.
7. Either of these three answers are incorrect.
8. If you will run, you catch the train.
9. Ganges is a holy river.
10. He has reached at the top of the mountain finally.
11. He cannot get good marks, he is not a hard working student.
 Test: 2
1. No sooner had we left our home than it started raining.
2. I congratulate you on your success.
3. You have read it. Isn't it?
4. Pakistan has and will support the Kashmiris.
5. He as well as his brother was present yesterday.
6. Open this knot.
7. He is adoptive son of his parents.
8. This is the most shortest way to go there.
9. The doctor has seen the pulse of the patient.
10. No less than fifty miners were killed in the explosion.
 Answer: 2
1. No sooner had we left our home than it started raining.
2. I congratulate you on your success.
3. You have read it. Isn't it? /You have read it. Haven’t you?
4. Pakistan has and will support the Kashmiris ./Pakistan has supported and will
support the Kashmiris.
5. He as well as his brother was present yesterday.
6. Open this knot./Untie this knot.
7. He is adoptive son of his parents./He is an adopted son of his parents.
8. This is the most shortest way to go there./This is the shortest way to go there.
9. The doctor has seen the pulse of the patient./The doctor has felt the pulse of the
patient.
10. No less than fifty miners were killed in the explosion./No fewer than fifty miners
were killed in the explosion.
 Sources for Sentence Correction
Books:
1. Winning English Grammar & Composition
2. CSPs MPT Book
3. High School English Grammar by Wren and Martin
4. English Grammar in Use by Raymond Morphy
5. Online Tests
Practice:
1. Winning English Grammar & Composition
2. CSPs Website for Online Test
3. CSPs MPT Book

Mureed Hussain Jasra 03335601593

Section - 5

Mureed Hussain Jasra 03335601593

 Section: 5 ( 5 Marks)
Reading Comprehension
 READING COMPREHENSION &
ANALYSIS

• One unseen passages shall be given with a limited reading time questions would be
placed at the end to be answered.
• The passage for comprehension shall be fairly technical.
• The passages would be selected from writings on Economic, Sociology, Political
Science, Psychology, Philosophy, English Literature and International Affairs.
• It is included in CSS exam to check following two abilities;
A. Comprehension abilities
B. Composition skills
 Comprehension
• Adequate vocabulary
• Understanding of key subjects( school of thoughts key concepts)
• Grip over English grammar and expression
• Follow discourse markers
 Type of Questions
1. Narrative
2. Descriptive
3. Analytical
4. Phrases/Vocabulary Comprehension
 Test
It is said that in country after country, progress should become synonymous with
an assault on nature. We who are a part of nature and dependent on her for every need,
speak constantly about 'exploiting' nature. When the highest mountain in the world was
climbed in 1953, Jawaharlal Nehru objected to the phrase conquest of Everest' which he
thought was arrogant. Is it surprising that this lack of consideration and the constant
need to prove one's superiority should be projected on to our treatment of our
fellowmen? I remember Edward Thompson, a British writer and a good friend of South
Asia once telling Mr. Gandhi that wildlife was fast disappearing. Remarked Mr.
Gandhi: 'It is decreasing in the jungles but it is increasing in the towns’. On the one
hand the rich look askance at our continuing poverty; on the other they warn us against
their own methods. We do not wish to impoverish the environment any further and yet
we cannot forget the grim poverty of large numbers of people. Are not poverty and need
the great polluters? For instance, unless we are in a position to provide employment and
purchasing power for the daily necessities of the tribal people and those who live in and
around our jungles, we cannot prevent them from combing the forest for food and
livelihood, from poaching and from despoiling the vegetation.
 Test: 1/2
1. At the beginning of the passage, the writer expresses her opinion that in many countries
progress is synonymous with
(a) utmost cruelty to nature. (b) a balanced treatment of nature
(c) utmost care for nature (d) development
2. In the passage the term 'exploiting' nature suggests
(a) greed of man (b) destructive urge of man
(c) sarcasm (d) regretless
3. Nehru objected to the phrase 'conquest of Everest' since
(a) Everest is unconquerable (b) it depicts Everest as a victim
(c) it sounds pompous and boastful (d) it carries a war-like connotation
 Test: 2/2
4. Gandhi's statement 'It is decreasing in the jungles but it is increasing in the towns.!'
(a) Is a satirical comparison of man's callousness to the animals.
(b) Refers to man's selfishness
(c) Refers to flora and fauna
(d) Refers to wild animals' decrease in the jungle
5. The writer is of opinion that tribal people can be prevented from combing forest for food,
(a) to provide employment and purchasing power for daily necessities.
(b) by deterring them from poaching and despoiling vegetation
(c) to increase purchasing power
(d) to provide employment
 Answer: 1/2
1. At the beginning of the passage, the writer expresses her opinion that in many countries
progress is synonymous with
(a) utmost cruelty to nature (b) a balanced treatment of nature
(c) utmost care for nature (d) development
2. In the passage the term 'exploiting' nature suggests
(a) greed of man. (b) destructive urge of man
(c) sarcasm (d) regretless
3. Nehru objected to the phrase 'conquest of Everest' since
(a) Everest is unconquerable. (b) it depicts Everest as a victim
(c) it sounds pompous and boastful (d) it carries a war-like connotation
 Answer: 2/2
4. Gandhi's statement 'It is decreasing in the jungles but it is increasing in the towns
(a) Is a satirical comparison of man's callousness to the animals.
(b) Refers to man's selfishness
(c) Refers to flora and fauna
(d) Refers to wild animals' decrease in the jungle
5. The writer is of opinion that tribal people can be prevented from combing forest for food,
(a) to provide employment and purchasing power for daily necessities.
(b) by deterring them from poaching and despoiling vegetation
(c) to increase purchasing power
(d) to provide employment
 Tools for Reading Comprehension

1. Read the passage for general comprehension

2. Read the questions
3. Intensive reading
4. Sifting/ Selection of the option
 Recommendations

1. Remained strict to the requirement of the questions

2. Try to select the answers according to the passage, your own
philosophy is not required at all
3. Choose the meaning of the words and phrases according to the
text, in which they have been used
Education ought to teach us how to be in love and what to be in love with.
The great things of history have been done by the great lovers, by the saints and
men of science, and artists, and the problem of civilization is to give every man a
chance of being a saint, a man of science, or an artist. We think of the man of
science or the artist, if not of the saint, as a being with peculiar gifts, not as one
who exercises activities more precisely. It is a commonplace now that art has ebbed
away out of our ordinary life, out of all the things which we use, and that it is
practiced no longer by workmen but only by a few painters and sculptors which is
a great concern for social scientists.
 Sources for Reading Comprehension
Books:
1. Winning English Grammar & Composition
2. CSPs MPT Book
3. High School English Grammar by Wren and Martin
4. English Grammar in Use by Raymond Morphy
5. Online Tests
Practice:
1. Winning English Grammar & Composition
2. CSPs Website for Online Test
3. CSPs MPT Book

Mureed Hussain Jasra 03335601593