21ST CENTURY

LITERATURE FROM THE

PHILIPPINES AND THE
WORLD

Quarter 3 – Module 1
LESSON 1
 Topics:
MODULE 1: Geographic, Linguistic and
Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine
Literary History from Pre-
Colonial to the Contemporary
MODULE 2: Conventional and 21st Century
Genres
MODULE 3: Context and Text’s Meaning
MODULE 4: Creative Representation of
Literary Text
MODULE 5: Elements of a Short Story
GETTING TO KNOW
EACH OTHER
EXPECTATIONS..
 1941
1941
 MELCS: Writing a close analysis and
LESSON critical interpretation of literary
texts and doing an adaptation of
OBJECTIVES: these require from the learner the
Identify geographic, linguistic, and ability to identify:

ethnic dimensions of the Philippine a. the geographic, linguistic, and

literary history from pre-colonial to ethnic dimensions of Philippine
literary history from pre-colonial to
contemporary and representative texts the contemporary
from the regions. b. representative texts and
authors from each region (e.g.
engage in or history research with
focus on key personalities from the
Write a close analysis and critical students’ region/province/town)
interpretation of literary texts.

Show a sense of adaptability of the

Philippine Literary History.
 Overview
The origin of Philippine literature can only be traced by
exploring its evolution from pre-colonial up to the
present. Thus, studying the past becomes imperative in
understanding the literature of the present. Different
genres that appeared from each period seem to reflect
the place, language, culture, social and ethnic
dimensions of literature produced. The nature and
essence of literature has evolved over time.
LITERATURE is derived from
the Latin word "littera" which
means
"a letter of the alphabet"
Literature can either be in
oral or written form.

LITERARY
TEXT
 LITERARY TEXT
A text can be considered
literary if it has the
elements of psychological
characterization and
chronology.

Metaphor symbolism
 Characteristics of Literary Text
1. It narrates story
2. It expresses feelings, thoughts, and
ideas which can either be based from the
imagination or real-life experiences of the
author or other people;
3. It delivers significant information and
crosses boundaries of time, places,
cultures and languages.
 LITERARY
STRUCTURE
Refers to the
organizational
method used in
literature in which the
most common type is
the narrative.
 Forms of Literature

POETRY PROSE

It can be Prose is a form

also called of written or A related
written on its verse, is narrative device
is defined as own or in distinguished
spoken
language that is the stream of
a literary combination from other typically consciousness,
with other arts
form of art, as in poetic
forms of writing exhibits a which also
by its use of flows naturally
evoked in drama, poetic repetition,
natural flow of
speech and but is not
language. hymns, lyrical verse, rhyme grammatical concerned with
poetry and and aesthetics. structure. syntax
prose poetry.
 Forms of Literature

POETRY PROSE

FICTION NON-FICTION
LYRIC
NARRATIVE DRAMATIC Short Story Biography
Haiku
Epic Novel Autobiography
Ode
Ballad Dramatic Play Narrative Essay
Elegy
Metrical Monologue Legend Memoir
Sonnet
Tales Soliloquy Fable Diaries
Song
Journal
 Forms of Literature
Epic - a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral
tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or
legendary figures or the history of a nation.
Ballad - a poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas.
Traditional ballads are typically of unknown authorship, having
been passed on orally from one generation to the next as part
of the folk culture.
Metrical - relating to or composed in poetic meter:
Tale - a fictitious or true narrative or story, especially one that
is imaginatively recounted:
 Forms of Literature

Monologue - a long speech by one actor in a play or movie,

or as part of a theatrical or broadcast program:
Soliloquy - is a monologue addressed to oneself, thoughts
spoken out loud without addressing another
Haiku - Japanese poem of seventeen syllables, in three lines
of five, seven, and five, traditionally evoking images of the
natural world.
 Forms of Literature

Ode - a lyric poem in the form of an address to a particular

subject, often elevated in style or manner and written in varied
or irregular meter.
Elegy - a poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the
dead.
Sonnet - a poem of fourteen lines using any of a number of
formal rhyme schemes, in English typically having ten
syllables per line.
WHAT HAVE I LEARNED?

PICK-A-DOOR
It is derived
from the
Latin word
“littera”.

Answer

LITERATURE
 Refers to the
organizational
method used in
literature in which
the most
common type is
the narrative

Answer
LITERARY
STRUCTURE
 Literature can
be either oral
form and ___?

Answer

WRITTEN
FORM
What is the meaning of
the Latin word littera?

Answer

A letter of alphabet
It can be considered
literary if it has the
elements of
psychological
characterization and
chronology.

Answer
LITERARY TEXT
 WHAT’S IN
• What do you know
about the different
Literary Periods in
Philippine Literature?

3
LESSON Geographic, Linguistic and Ethnic Dimensions
1 of Philippine Literary History from Pre-Colonial
to the Contemporary
Our forefathers already
had their literature,
which reflected in their
customs and traditions.
They had their alphabet
even before they had
colonized.
 PERIODS OF PHILIPPINE
LITERARY HISTORY
PERIOD OF LITERATURE IN
PRE-SPANISH LITERATURE ENGLISH
PERIOD OF ACTIVISM AND
SPANISH PERIOD
THE NEW SOCIETY
PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC

THE AMERICAN REGIME POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION

THE JAPANESE PERIOD 21ST CENTURY PERIOD

 PRE-SPANISH LITERATURE

Folk tales

These are made up of stories

about life, adventure, love,
horror, and humor where one
can derive lessons. An
example of this is THE MOON
AND THE SUN.
 PRE-SPANISH LITERATURE

The Epic Age

Epics are long narrative

poems in which a series
of heroic achievements
or events, usually of a
hero, are dealt with at
length.
 PRE-SPANISH LITERATURE

These are one of the Folk Songs

oldest forms of
Philippine literature
that emerged in the
pre-Spanish period.
These songs mirrored
the early forms of Many of these have 12 syllables. Examples of which are
culture. Kundiman, Kumintang o Tagumpay, Ang Dalit o Imno, Ang
Oyayi o Hele, Diana, Soliraning and Talindaw
 SPANISH PERIOD
UNDERSTANDING LITERARY HISTORY

●Literature in this period may

be classified as religious prose
and poetry and secular prose
and poetry.
Spanish Influences on Philippine
Literature
●The first Filipino alphabet, called
ALIBATA, was replaced by the
Roman alphabet. Also, the teaching
of the Christian Doctrine became the
basis of religious practices.
Folk Songs
●It manifests the artistic feelings of the Filipinos
and shows their innate appreciation for and love
of beauty. The examples are Leron-Leron Sinta,
Pamulinawen, Dandansoy, Sarong Banggi, and Atin Cu
Pung Sing-sing.

Recreational Plays
●There were many recreational plays performed
by Filipinos during the Spanish times. Almost all
of them were in a poetic form such Cenaculo,
Panunuluyan, Salubong and Zarzuela
 PERIOD OF

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period-of-enlightenment-1872-1898
 PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1872- 1898)
● In 19th Century, Filipino intellectuals educated in
Europe called Ilustrados began to write about the
hitch of colonization.
The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896) -
This movement was spearheaded mostly by
the intellectual middle-class like Jose Rizal,
Marcelo del Pilar; Graciano Lopez Jaena,
Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma.
Panganiban, and Pedro Paterno. 12
 PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1872- 1898)
o Some of Rizal’s writings: Noli Me Tangere, Mi
Ultimo Adios, Sobre La Indolencia Delos Filipinos
and Filipinas Dentro De Cien Aňos.

o Some of Del Pilar’s writings: Pagibig sa

Tinubuang Lupa (Love of Country), Kaingat Kayo
(Be Careful), and Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and
Jokes).
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 PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1872- 1898)
Some of Jaena’s writings: Ang Fray Botod,
La Hija Del Fraile (The Child of the Friar), and
Everything Is Hambug (Everything is mere
show), Sa Mga Pilipino...1891), and Talumpating
Pagunita Kay Kolumbus (An Orationto
Commemorate Columbus).

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● 1898-1944

1898-1944
 THE AMERICAN REGIME
● Linguistically, Americans influenced Filipino writers to write using
English language. Jose Garcia Villa became famous for his free
verse.
Characteristics of Literature during this period:
● The languages used in writing were Spanish and Tagalog and
the dialects of the different regions. But the writers in Tagalog,
continued in their lamentations on the conditions of the
country and their attempts to arouse love for one’s native
tongue and the writers in English imitated the themes and
methods of the Americans.
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 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
● Because of the strict prohibitions imposed by the Japanese in the
writing and publishing of works in English, Philippine literature
in English experienced a dark period. For the first twenty
years, many books were published both in Filipino and in
English.
●

In the New Filipino Literature, Philippine literature in Tagalog

was revived during this period. Most themes in the writings dealt
with Japanese brutalities, the poverty of life under the
Japanese government, and the brave guerilla exploits. 20
 1941-1945
• The Japanese
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Occupation 17
1941-1945
 THE JAPANESE PERIOD
● Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development when
another foreign country, Japan, conquered the Philippines
between1941-1945. Philippine literature in English came to a
halt. This led to all newspapers not to be circulated in the
community except for TRIBUNE and PHILIPPINE REVIEW.

o Filipino Poetry during this period

● The common theme of most poems during the
Japanese occupation was nationalism, country, love,
and life in the barrios, faith, religion, and the arts.
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 THE JAPANESE PERIOD
o Three types of poems emerged during this period:

- Haiku , a poem of free verse that the Japanese

like. It was made up of 17 syllables divided into
three lines and

- Tanaga – like the Haiku, is short, but it had

measure and rhyme.

-Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form) 19

 (1946 – 1970)

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period-of-activism-1970-1972
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period-of-activism-1970-1972
 PERIOD OF ACTIVISM
According to Pociano Pineda, youth activism in 1970-72
was due to domestic and worldwide causes. Because of the
ills of society, the youth moved to seek reforms.
The Literary Revolution
● The youth became vocal with their sentiments.
They demanded a change in the government. It
was manifested in the bloody demonstrations and
the sidewalk expressions and also in literature.

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 PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972-1980)

● The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972.

The Carlos Palanca Awards continued to give annual awards.
● Poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs,
and the beauties of nature and surroundings. Newspapers
donned new forms.
● News on economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism, and
the like were favored more than the sensationalized reporting
of killings, rape, and robberies. Filipinos before were hooked
in reading magazines and comics. 23
 PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC (1981-1985)
● After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of
the Filipino, which started under the New Society, Martial Rule
was at last lifted on January 2, 1981. The Philippines
became a new nation, and this, former President Marcos
called “The New Republic of the Philippines.”
● Poems during this period of the Third Republic were
romantic and revolutionary.
● Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were true-to-life
like those of grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of
God, of country and fellowmen.
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 POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION (1986-1995)
● History took another twist. Once more, the Filipino people
regained their independence, which they lost twenty years ago.
In four days from February 21-25, 1986, the so-called People
Power (Lakas ng Bayan) prevailed.
● In the short span of the existence of the real Republic of the
Philippines, several changes already became evident. It was
noticed in the new Filipino songs, newspapers, speeches, and
even in the television programs.
● The now crony newspapers that enjoyed an overnight increase in circulation were THE INQUIRER,
MALAYA, and the PEOPLE’S JOURNAL.
 21ST CENTURY PERIOD
● The new trends have been used and
introduced to meet the needs and tastes of the
new generation. 21st Century learners are
demanded to be ICT inclined to compete with
the style and format of writing as well. New
codes or lingos are used to add flavor in the
literary pieces produced nowadays.

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28
 MALINAC LAY LABI (Pangasinan Folk Song)

Malinac lay labi oras lay mareen (Peaceful night, quiet hours)
Mapalpal nay dagem catecep toy linaew (Gentle is the wind mixed with dew)
Samit day cogip co binangonan con tampol (Sweet was my dream, and once I awoke)
Lapud say linggas o sican sica'y amamaywen (My heart insisted that I caress you)
Lalo la bilay no sicala'y nanengneng (Especially of you, sweetheart, I behold)
Napunas lan amin so ermenya acbibiten (That all the sorrows I heard are gone)
No nanunutan colay samit day ugalim (If I remember the sweetness of your actions)
Agtaca na lingwanan (I will not forget you)
Anggad cauyos la bilay (Until life ends)
(REPEAT)
Title of the Text: _________________________________________

QUESTIONS
TOPIC (5 POINTS)
What is the text all about?
___________________________________________________________________________
SITUATION (5 POINTS)
What is the setting referred to or described in the text?
___________________________________________________________________________
CLIENT (5 POINTS)
Who is the target group of readers of the text? How would you describe the group
in terms of skills, values, beliefs and attitudes?
___________________________________________________________________________
PURPOSE (5 POINTS)
Why was the text written? What does it hope to achieve especially among its
client?
_____________________________________________________________________________
PERSONA (5 POINTS)
Who is the voice behind the text? What is known about him or her?