Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria

MARCH 2024 DOCUMENT NUMBER

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001
Classification Status: Restricted

GBARAN LIQUID STORAGE TANKS

Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Proprietary Information: This document contains proprietary information and may not be partly or
wholly reproduced without prior written permission from Shell Petroleum Development Company

Revision Date Description Originator Checker Approver

D03 09-October-2024 Re-issued for Review Bakare A. Akpoili S. Umoh N E

D02 26-August-2024 Re-Issued for Review Bakare A. Akpoili S. Umoh N E

D01 31-March-2024 Issued for Review Bakare A. Akpoili S. Umoh N E

Contractor Name: KOHASA ENGINEERING COMPANY LIMITED

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 1 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

 ADDITIONAL AGREEMENT/APPROVAL RECORD

Party Ref Ind. Name Sign Date

Revision Philosophy
Revisions for review will be issued at D01, with subsequent D02, D03, etc as required.
 All revisions approved for issue or design will be issued at A01, with subsequent A02,
A03, etc as required.
 Documents approved for Construction will be issued at C01, C02, C03, etc as required.
 Revisions for As-built review will be issued as Z1, Z2, Z3 etc as required.
 Documents or drawings revised as “As built” will be issued as Z01, Z02 Z03 etc as
required.
 Narrative sections revised from previous approved issues are to be noted in the table
below and/or highlighted in the RH margin (using the appropriate revision status) thus:
A02
 Previous revision highlighting to be removed at subsequent issues.
 Drawings/diagrams revised from previous approved issues are highlighted by 'clouding'
the affected areas and by the use of a triangle containing the revision status.
 If a document is cancelled the document will be issued at the next sequential number
and suffixed with a X. For example, if 02R is the current revision then 03X will be the
Cancelled revision.
 All revisions to this document must be approved by the relevant technical authority.

Revision History

Revision No. Date of issue Document ID/Reason for change

D03 09-October-2024 Re-Issued for Review/Change in water column to 5m

from 3m

D02 26-August-2024 Re-Issued for Review

D01 31-March-2024 Issued for Review

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 2 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 6

1.1 Project Background .................................................................................... 6
1.2 Project Scope Overview ............................................................................. 7
1.3 Purpose of the document ........................................................................... 8
2.0 REFERENCES CODES, STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATION ................9
2.1 List of Applicable Codes and Standards .................................................... 9
2.1.1 List of Applicable International Codes and Standards................................ 9
2.2 Company Documentation ......................................................................... 10
2.2.1 List of Referenced Company Document .................................................. 10
2.3 Project Documentation ............................................................................. 10
2.3.1 List of Referenced Project Document....................................................... 10
3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ........................................................... 11
4.0 EXTERNAL PROTECTION USING ICCP ................................................ 12
5.0 INTERNAL CP TANK PROTECTION ...................................................... 13
5.1 Items to be protected................................................................................ 13
5.2 Potential Level for Protection ................................................................... 13
5.3 Design Life ............................................................................................... 13
5.4 Electrolyte Resistivity ............................................................................... 13
5.5 Current Density ........................................................................................ 14
5.6 Coating Categories................................................................................... 14
5.7 Sacrificial Anode Type.............................................................................. 14
5.8 Mean Current Demand ............................................................................. 15
5.9 Internal Surface Area to be protected ...................................................... 15
5.10 Final Current Demand .............................................................................. 16
5.11 Calculation Methodology .......................................................................... 16
5.12 Anode Mass to Meet the Current Demand ............................................... 16
5.13 Anode Dimensions to Meet Final Current Demand .................................. 16
6.0 RESULTS FOR INTERNAL TANK SACRIFICIAL ANODE PROTECTION18
6.1 Results Summary ..................................................................................... 18
6.2 Summary of Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection Detailed Calculations18

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 3 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

 7.0 Conclusions and recommendations ......................................................... 20
7.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................... 20
7.1.1 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection ................................................... 20
7.1.2 Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection ...................................................... 20
7.1.3 Quantity of Al-Zn-In Sacrificial Anode ...................................................... 20
7.2 Recommendations ................................................................................... 20
7.2.1 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection ................................................... 20
7.2.2 Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection ...................................................... 21
8.0 List of Attachment .................................................................................... 22
8.1 Attachment 1- Liquid Storage Tank 2A (Internal Tank Bottom) – Sacrificial Anode
Cathodic Protection Calculation ............................................................... 23
8.2 Attachment 2- Liquid Storage Tank 2B (Internal Tank Bottom ) – Sacrificial Anode
Cathodic Protection Calculation ............................................................... 26
8.3 Attachment 3- Liquid Storage Tank 2A (Internal Tank Shell) – Sacrificial Anode Cathodic
Protection Calculation .............................................................................. 29
8.4 Attachment 4- Liquid Storage Tank 2B (Internal Tank Shell) – Sacrificial Anode Cathodic
Protection Calculation .............................................................................. 32

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 4 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

 ABBREVIATIONS

A Ampere
AC Alternating Current
AWA Aluminum Wire Armour
BS British Standards
CP Cathodic Protection
CS Carbon Steel
DB Distribution Board
DC Direct Current
DEP Design and Engineering Practice
Hz Hertz
IEC International Electro Technical Commission
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ICCP Impressed Current Cathodic Protection
ICCPS Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System
IP Ingress Protection
LV Low Voltage
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
QA Quality Assurance
QCP Quality Control Plan
QMS Quality Management System
SCR Silicon-Controlled Rectifier
SI Standard International
SWA Steel Wire Armoured
TRU Transformer Rectifier Unit
VA Voltage Amperes
VAC Voltage (Alternating Current)
VDC Voltage (Direct Current)

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 5 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background

Gas supply from Gbaran CPF to NLNG T1-6 was significantly impacted in 2022 due to the
suspension of the injection of gross liquid (condensate and produced water) into the liquid
evacuation pipeline KCTL/TNP (operated by SPDC). The suspension was due to losses
encountered from oil theft and integrity issues from third party activities on the pipeline. The KCTL
was not available for evacuation of Gbaran CPF liquid from February through to November 2022
and It has only been available for circa 35% YTD in 2023.
The alternative condensate evacuation route available during the outages of the KCTL/TNP is to
separate the condensate from the produced water in the existing condensate tank and spike the
condensate with the processed gas from Gbaran CPF into the EGGS 2 pipeline, then enters the
EGGS 1 pipeline and arriving at the GTS 2/4 slug catcher at NLNG.
The dehydration of the condensate takes place in the condensate storage tank, where the
condensate is withdrawn from the top of the tank and the produced water from the bottom of the
tank. The produced water is currently disposed in the GBAR007 well via water injection.

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 6 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

1.2 Project Scope Overview
The scope overview of the selected concept for the project is the installation of two storage tanks of
175kbbls capacity each, acquisition of land in a biodiversity area and brownfield integration of the storage
tanks to the existing Gbaran CPF facility. The location of the new tanks will be in the general reserved
area, outside the current Gbaran CPF perimeter fence based on the site selection report.
The new storage tanks will be tied to the condensate stabilization unit train 2 (Oil train) to receive water
and oil, where the inlet to the tanks will be connected to the piping routed to TNP. The excess condensate
from the condensate stabilization unit train 1 (condensate train) will be routed to the train 2 via the existing
process (condensate from the existing condensate tank is routed to the train 2 with the existing
condensate return pump).
The outlet of the new storage tanks shall be routed back to the condensate stabilization unit train 2 via
new liquid return pumps for evacuation of liquid from the tanks to TNP when the pipeline becomes
available for liquid export. The scope also includes the addition of a water outlet from the tanks to the
existing produced water disposal system, to evacuate produce water from the tank for increase in
endurance time.
Other requirements and functionalities to enable optimal operation of facilities are included as part of the
scope. The description of the work scope is as follows.
1. Engineering Design for a 2 Nos. x 175kbbls fixed-cone roof hydrocarbon storage tanks.
2. Site preparation and civil foundation construction for the 2 Nos. x 175kbbls hydrocarbon storage
tank, manifolds and piping with bund walls for each of the new storage tank.
3. Engineering Design of drain systems.
4. Engineering Design and specification of 2x30kbpd capacity liquid return pumps.
5. Engineering Design and tie-in of liquid inlet piping to the new storage tanks and tie-in of liquid
outlet from the storage tanks to the inlet of the new liquid return pumps.
6. Engineering Design of tie-in of liquid out from the new liquid return pumps to the inlet of the CSU
train 2surge vessel.
7. Engineering Design of safeguarding system against overpressure and under pressure scenarios.
8. Engineering Design of Electrical power supply and related equipment related to the new facility.
9. Engineering Design and Brownfield integration of the new installations, safeguarding and control
systems, power, utilities to existing Gbaran CPF facility systems and process.
10. Engineering Design of modification of the Gbaran CPF perimeter fence to accommodate the new
acquired land for the storage tanks and bund walls installations.

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 7 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

1.3 Purpose of the document
The purpose of this present document is to detail the calculations of the new cathodic protection systems
to be implemented for the internal and external protection of the two (2 nos) X 175kbbls new fixed-roof
crude storage tanks at Gbaran. This document provides the design calculation of cathodic protection
system to protect the tank/vessel metallic structures to be installed at Gbaran.

The CP system will be sized in order to protect the internal surfaces exposed to produced water column
only, since the external surfaces of the tanks (i.e. bottom plate) will not be exposed to soil.

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 8 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

2.0 REFERENCES CODES, STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATION

2.1 List of Applicable Codes and Standards

2.1.1 List of Applicable International Codes and Standards

The National and International Standards and Codes listed below are the main reference documents for
the supply of the equipment. The list is not a definitive list, and shall be complied with in addition to those
standards/codes referenced within these documents. Latest editions of all referenced documents shall
apply.

API 651 Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tanks.

Cathodic Protection of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks and

API RP 1632
Piping Systems.

BS 7361 Part 1. Cathodic protection - Code of practice for land and marine
applications.

IEC 60038 IEC Standard Voltages

IEC 60050 International Electro technical Vocabulary

IEC 60076 Power Transformers

IEC 60079 Explosive Atmospheres

IEC 60228 Conductors of Insulated Cables

IEC 60296 Specifications and Test Methods for Mineral Insulating Oils

IEC 60502 Power Cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for
rated voltages from 1 kV (Um =1.2kV) up to 30 kV (Um =36kV)

IEC 60529 Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosures

ISO 9001 Quality Management and Quality Assurance standards

DNV RP B401 Cathodic Protection Design.

NACE SP0177- Mitigation of Alternating Current and Lightning Effects on Metallic

Structures and Corrosion Control Systems.
2019

NACE Corrosion Engineer Reference Book, 3rd Edition.

NACE 2nd
Cathodic Protection”, J. Morgan.
Edition
GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report
Page 9 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

2.2 Company Documentation

2.2.1 List of Referenced Company Document

DEP NUMBER TITLE/DESCRIPTION

DEP 30.10.73.10-GEN Design, Installation and Commissioning of
Cathodic Protection for Onshore Facilities,
Pipelines and Storage Tanks
DEP 34.51.01.31-GEN Vertical Steel Storage Tanks – Selection
Design and Construction
(Amendments/Supplements To En14015)
GNC-NG01017640-GBRG1-CG6968-00001 Geotechnical Soil Investigation Report

2.3 Project Documentation

2.3.1 List of Referenced Project Document

DOCUMENT NUMBER TITLE/DESCRIPTION

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-7180-60001 Materials Selection Report

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 10 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Parameters Description/Value
Site Location Terrain (-) Creek and Swamp Habitat
Mean Min. Temperature (Deg. C) 23
Mean Max. Temperature (Deg. C) 31
Ground Temperature (Deg. C) 25-27.5
Design Ambient Temperature, max. (Deg. C) 38
Design Ambient Temperature, min. (Deg. C) 18
Humidity (%) 100
Rainfall Heavy rainfall can be expected in the wet season
during months of April through October.
 Average Annual Rainfall = 3800mm
 Mean Max. Hourly rainfall = 100mm
Design Wind Speed (m/s) 35.6
Lightning Frequent in the rainy season.
Site Altitude Height above MSL (LAGOS DATUM) = 7.0 – 9.5m.
 Water Table (Max.) = 7.0m
 Water Table (Min.) = 0.3m
Others During November/December of every year
(Harmattan season) the atmosphere is laden with
extremely fine dust (particle size of 5 microns or less),
which can penetrate equipment.

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 11 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

4.0 EXTERNAL PROTECTION USING ICCP

A CP system is not required for the external tank bottom; the tank bottom is not going to be on soil (which
provides an electrolyte for the CP current to flow). Cathodic protection is not required for tank
configurations where the tank foundation consists of at least 50 mm (2 in) of asphalt over an engineered
foundation or at least 100 mm (4 in) concrete underlain by an engineered pier or pilings foundation [DEP
30.10.73.10-GEN].

The two (2) tanks shall be on asphalt foundation of 50mm thick; therefore, Cathodic Protection system will
not be required for the external tank bottom protection.

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 12 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

 5.0 INTERNAL CP TANK PROTECTION

Cathodic protection of internal surface of tanks (2A & 2B) will be carried out through sacrificial anode
cathodic protection system.

5.1 Items to be protected

Table 5.1 below shows the details of the internals of the tanks to be cathodically protected:
Table 5.1: Tanks’ Internals Cathodically Protected
Internal Height Internal
Diameter of Height to CP
Tank Description Tag Material Coating of Tank Tank(m) be System
(m) Protected
(m)
Category III (DFT 41 22 Sacrificial
2A CS 5
Liquid Storage Tank >=350 microns) Anode
Category III (DFT 41 22 Sacrificial
2B CS 5
Liquid Storage Tank >=350 microns) Anode

5.2 Potential Level for Protection

Since the electrolytes in the vessels or tanks being considered contain neither acid water (pH<6) nor
bacteria/H2S, the minimum negative potential that shall be applied on the structure/electrolyte interface
to ensure protection is as given in Table 5.2 below:
Table 5.2: Minimum Negative Potential
Fluid Type Minimum Negative
Tank Description Tag Material
Potential E°p (mV)
Crude Oil + -800 wrt Ag/AgCl
2A CS
Crude Oil Storage Tank Water
Crude Oil + -800 wrt Ag/AgCl
2A CS
Crude Oil Storage Tank Water

5.3 Design Life

The cathodic protection system shall be designed considering a design life of 25 years, since its start-up,
at design conditions.
5.4 Electrolyte Resistivity
For the internal protection of the tanks listed, crude is essentially not a conductor of electricity, thus only
the section of the tanks that accumulates water shall be protected. For the design water been denser than
crude settles at the bottom of the tanks. A height of five (5) meter shall be considered.

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 13 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

 The water resistivity of 0.225 Ωm with salinity of 30ppt per Figure A-1, DNVGL-RP-B401 shall be used for
the design calculation based on the assumption of seawater resistivity for the accumulated water in the
tank.

5.5 Current Density

The design current density is based on Tables A-1 and A-2 DNVGL-RP-B401.

5.6 Coating Categories

The internal of these listed tanks shall be coated with two or more layers of marine paint, total nominal
DFT min. 350 μm.
5.7 Sacrificial Anode Type
Aluminium-Zinc-Indium sacrificial alloy is selected for the internal protection of Crude tanks 2A and 2B.
The dimensions of the specified anode are within the range of castable anode by the manufacturer.
 Anode Length (l) =1m
 Anode Width (w) =0.112m
 Anode Height (h) =0.09m

The long flush mounted sacrificial anodes to be provided are designed to be Aluminium (Al-Zn-In) based
alloy. The flush mounted anode consisting of 1 nos insert of 1200mm long X 50mm width X 10mm thick
(flat bar inserts) made of carbon steel shall be welded to a doubler (wrap) plate which is then welded to
the internal tank bottom and shell plates.

Figure 5.1 below shows a typical flush mounted Sacrificial Anode.

Figure 5.1: Typical Flush Mounted Anode with a Flat Bar Core
GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report
Page 14 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

 5.8 Mean Current Demand
The mean current demand throughout the liquid storage tanks lifetime is calculated by multiplying the
contributions of the exposed (wetted) surface (i.e. the tank bottom) areas to produced water and design
mean current density, eqn. (15).
Icm =Ac x fcm x Icm ………………………………………………………………………………..………15)

Where:
Icm= Mean current demand
Ac = Exposed area to be protected
fcm= Mean coating breakdown factor
Icm= Design mean current density
tf
fcm =a+b ………………………………………………………………………………………….(16)
2

Where, a and b are constants in Table A-4, DNVGL-RP-B401.

5.9 Internal Surface Area to be protected
Aw= (π* D* h) + (π*D2/4) ……………………………………………………………… (17)
Bottom surface area = (π* D2/4)
5m high body surface area = (π* D* h)
Where AW = is the total tank internal wetted surface area to be protected
D = Internal Diameter of Tanks
h = Height of Tanks

Additional 5% in surface areas for contingency purposes.

Table 5.3: Tanks’ Dimensions
Internal Height of Bottom Body Total
Diameter Tank to Surface Surface Surface
Tank
Tag Material Coating of Tank be Area for Area for Area for
Description
(m) protected Protection Protection Protection
(m) (m2) (m2) (m2)
Category
Liquid III (DFT
2A CS 1386.3 676.23 2062.53
Storage >=350 41 5
Tank microns)
Category
Liquid III (DFT 41 5
2B CS 1386.3 676.23 2062.53
Storage >=350
Tank microns)

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 15 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

5.10 Final Current Demand
The final current demand is calculated in a similar way to the mean current demand, eqn. (18).
Icf =Ac x fcf x Icf ……………………………………………………………………………………(18)
Where:
Icf = final current demand
Ac = Exposed area to be protected
fcf = final coating breakdown factor
Icf= Design final current density
fcf a b t f …………………………………………………………………………………………………... 19

5.11 Calculation Methodology

The following methods and formulae are used for sizing the internal CP requirement
 Current method
 Mass method
5.12 Anode Mass to Meet the Current Demand
The net anode mass required to maintain cathodic protection throughout the design life has been
calculated for the exposed (wetted) surface areas using the formula below.
Icm x tf x 8760
M= …………………………………………………………………………………. (20)
uxε

Where:
M = Total net anode mass (kg)
Icm= Total mean current demand (A)
tf= The design life (year)
u = Utilization factor

ε= Electrochemical al c capacity (A-hr/kg)

5.13 Anode Dimensions to Meet Final Current Demand

The final anode current output of the selected anode has been calculated using (21).
Eoc - Eoa
Iaf = … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . … … 21
Raf
Where:
(Eoc - Eoa) = The design driving voltage (V)
Raf = The final anode resistance (Ω)
The final anode resistance for long flush mounted sacrificial anodes have been calculated from (22).

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 16 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

 ……………………………………………………………………… (22)

Where:
 : Environmental water resistivity (Ω.m)
S : Arithmetic mean of anode length and width (m)
The required number (N) of anodes can be calculated from eqn. (23) using the final anode current output
(Iaf) and the total final current demand (Icf).

I
N= cf …………………………………………………………………………………………………… (23)
Iaf

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 17 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

 6.0 RESULTS FOR INTERNAL TANK SACRIFICIAL ANODE PROTECTION

6.1 Results Summary

The tank internals Cathodic Protection design analysis has been carried out in accordance with the
methodology given in section 6. Tables 6.1 and 7.1 in Section 7.1 show the summary of CP design
calculation and the result in quantity of the design calculations respectively.

The detailed calculations including the required number of anodes and the required anode mass for the
protection of the exposed areas against corrosion are given in the Attachments 1-4.

6.2 Summary of Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection Detailed Calculations

Table 6.1: Summary of Cathodic Protection Design

Zones of Protected Tank Structure Internal Bottom Plates Internal Tank Shell Plates

Tank 2A Tank 2B Tank 2A Tank 2B

Parameters Units Value
Anode mass required (Eqn. kg 2125.1 2125.1 1036.7 1036.7
20)
Calculated Qty of Anodes nos 86 (by mass) 86 (by mass) 42 (by mass) 42 (by mass)
5 (by initial 5 (by initial 3 (by initial 3 (by initial
Current Current Current Current
Requirement) Requirement) Requirement) Requirement)
51 (by final 51 (by final 25 (by final 25 (by final
Current Current current current
Requirement) Requirement) requirement) requirement)
Individual Anode mass kg
24.71 24.71 24.68 24.68
required (net wt.)
Available Anode net weight- Kg
25
individual
Available anode gross weight- Kg
29.7
Individual

Total final current demand A 44.360 44.360 21.639 21.639

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 18 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

Design Protect. potential V -0.8

Design Closed Circuit Anode V

-1.0
Potential
Design driving voltage V 0.2
Total protection surface area m2 1386.3 (coated) 1386.3 (coated) 676.23 (coated) 676.23 (coated)
Qty of Anode + Overage (5%) Nos 91 91 45 45
Total available net anodic
weight (Excluding anode Kg 2147.4 2147.4 1048.7 1048.7
overage)
Total available anode gross
weight (Excluding anode Kg 2554.2 2554.2 1247.4 1247.4
overage)

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 19 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

7.0 Conclusions and recommendations

7.1 Conclusion

7.1.1 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection

No cathodic protection is required for the external tank bottom since the foundation of the tank shall be
asphaltic with at least 50mm thickness

7.1.2 Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection

The cathodic protection design calculations as shown in Section 7 reveal numbers of Al-Zn-In anodes that
will be adequate for the internal corrosion protection of liquid storage tanks 2A and 2B over the period of
25 years.
The analysis by mass requirement gives the highest number of anodes. Therefore, only the total mass of
the anode by mass requirements shall be presented in Section 8.1.4.

7.1.3 Quantity of Al-Zn-In Sacrificial Anode

Table 7.1: Anode Quantity

Tank ID Al-Zn-In Anode
Tank Internal Bottom Tank Internal Shell Total
2A 86 nos * 29.7kg (gross wt) 42 nos * 29.7kg (gross wt) 128 nos * 29.7kg (gross wt)
2B 86 nos * 29.7kg (gross wt) 42 nos * 29.7kg (gross wt) 128 nos * 29.7kg (gross wt)

Anode map showing locations of anode inside the tanks shall be in accordance with “General Cathodic
Protection System Layout” GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-2309-60002.
7.2 Recommendations

7.2.1 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection

A properly designed asphalt tank cushion constructed on a stable, properly prepared subsoil may be
effective in eliminating intrusion of groundwater, soil-side corrosion, and the need for cathodic protection.
Preparation of a stable soil to support the asphaltic slab is very important to ensure the continued integrity
of the pad. Unstable soil may induce cracks in the asphalt through which water and contaminants can
permeate to the steel tank bottom and provide a corrosive environment.

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 20 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

7.2.2 Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection

Flush mounted type sacrificial anodes with parameters as stated in Section 6.7 are recommended for
protection of the internal exposed parts of the 2# liquid storage tanks.

The anodes shall be welded radially on the internal bottom plates of the tank structure as much as
possible. This will always ensure immersion of anodes. However, the anodes can be distributed among
the various components of the tank (shell and bottom) within the 5m water accumulation height if there
are no enough space on the internal bottom plates.

The distance between adjacent anodes shall be at a minimum of 0.5m in order to avoid interference and
shielding.

The anodes shall be placed on the internal tank bottom plates by welding of the anode cores/insert to
doubler (wrap) plates which is then welded to the plates. Welding ensures the closest electrical contact
between the anode and surface to be protected, thus ensuring good conductivity between anodes and the
protected surfaces through the flat bar insert material (anode cores).

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 21 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

 8.0 List of Attachment

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 22 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

 8.1 Attachment 1- Liquid Storage Tank 2A (Internal Tank Bottom) – Sacrificial Anode Cathodic
Protection Calculation

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 23 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report
Page 24 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

 C - SUMMARY RESULTS (TANK BOTTOM PLATES)

C1 - STRUCTURE TO BE PROTECTED TANK BOTTOM PLATES (INTERNAL)

Coated steel area
Coated steel area Total
(Bottom Plate)
Calculated number of anodes ( 25.0 kg initial unit net weight) 85.2 Units 0.0 Units 86 Units
Required number of anodes Minimum number of anodes may be increased for better anode distribution, etc… 86 Units
Required net anodic mass 2127.4 kg 0.0 kg 2147.4 kg
Indicative gross weight ( 29.7 kg initial indicative unit gross weight) 2530.44 kg 0.0 kg 2554.2 kg
C2 - THEORETICAL STRUCTURE POTENTIAL Formula
Structure Potential Initial Ei Ea + Ri x Ii / N < Ec ? -0.990 V wrt Ag/AgCl OK
Final Ef Ea + Rf x If / N < Ec ? -0.882 V wrt Ag/AgCl OK
Note 1:

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 25 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

 8.2 Attachment 2- Liquid Storage Tank 2B (Internal Tank Bottom ) – Sacrificial Anode Cathodic
Protection Calculation

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 26 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report
Page 27 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

 C - SUMMARY RESULTS (TANK BOTTOM PLATES)

C1 - STRUCTURE TO BE PROTECTED TANK BOTTOM PLATES (INTERNAL)

Coated steel area
Coated steel area Total
(Bottom Plate)
Calculated number of anodes ( 25.0 kg initial unit net weight) 85.2 Units 0.0 Units 86 Units
Required number of anodes Minimum number of anodes may be increased for better anode distribution, etc… 86 Units
Required net anodic mass 2127.4 kg 0.0 kg 2147.4 kg
Indicative gross weight ( 29.7 kg initial indicative unit gross weight) 2530.44 kg 0.0 kg 2554.2 kg
C2 - THEORETICAL STRUCTURE POTENTIAL Formula
Structure Potential Initial Ei Ea + Ri x Ii / N < Ec ? -0.990 V wrt Ag/AgCl OK
Final Ef Ea + Rf x If / N < Ec ? -0.882 V wrt Ag/AgCl OK
Note 1:

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 28 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

 8.3 Attachment 3- Liquid Storage Tank 2A (Internal Tank Shell) – Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection
Calculation

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 29 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report
Page 30 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

 C - SUMMARY RESULTS FOR ZONE

C1 - STRUCTURE TO BE PROTECTED INTERNAL SHELL PLATES (INTERNAL)

Coated steel area
Coated steel area Total
(Course #1)
Calculated number of anodes ( 25.0 kg initial unit net weight) 41.6 Units 0.0 Units 42 Units
Required number of anodes Minimum number of anodes may be increased for better anode distribution, etc… 42 Units
Required net anodic mass 1038.8 kg 0.0 kg 1048.7 kg
Indicative gross weight ( 29.7 kg initial indicative unit gross weight) 1235.52 kg 0.0 kg 1247.4 kg
C2 - THEORETICAL STRUCTURE POTENTIAL Formula
Structure Potential Initial Ei Ea + Ri x Ii / N < Ec ? -0.990 V wrt Ag/AgCl OK
Final Ef Ea + Rf x If / N < Ec ? -0.882 V wrt Ag/AgCl OK
Note 1:

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 31 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

 8.4 Attachment 4- Liquid Storage Tank 2B (Internal Tank Shell) – Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection
Calculation

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 32 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report
Page 33 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed

 C - SUMMARY RESULTS FOR ZONE

C1 - STRUCTURE TO BE PROTECTED INTERNAL SHELL PLATES (INTERNAL)

Coated steel area
Coated steel area Total
(Course #1)
Calculated number of anodes ( 25.0 kg initial unit net weight) 41.6 Units 0.0 Units 42 Units
Required number of anodes Minimum number of anodes may be increased for better anode distribution, etc… 42 Units
Required net anodic mass 1038.8 kg 0.0 kg 1048.7 kg
Indicative gross weight ( 29.7 kg initial indicative unit gross weight) 1235.52 kg 0.0 kg 1247.4 kg
C2 - THEORETICAL STRUCTURE POTENTIAL Formula
Structure Potential Initial Ei Ea + Ri x Ii / N < Ec ? -0.990 V wrt Ag/AgCl OK
Final Ef Ea + Rf x If / N < Ec ? -0.882 V wrt Ag/AgCl OK
Note 1:

GST-4510494343-GBRG1-RA-1206-60001 Cathodic Protection Design Calculation Report

Page 34 of 34

This document is controlled electronically and uncontrolled when printed