Work, Energy & Motion

DPP- I – Work- Energy Relations

1. If 𝑊1 , 𝑊2 and 𝑊3 represent the work done in moving a particle from 𝐴 to 𝐵 along three different paths 1, 2
and 3 respectively (as shown) in the gravitational field of a point mass m, find the correct relation
between 𝑊1 , 𝑊2 and 𝑊3
B

m
1 2

A
a) 𝑊1 > 𝑊2 > 𝑊3 b) 𝑊1 = 𝑊2 = 𝑊3 c) 𝑊1 < 𝑊2 < 𝑊3 d) 𝑊2 > 𝑊1 > 𝑊3
2. Two springs have force constants 𝑘1 and 𝑘2 . There are extended through the same distance 𝑥. If their
𝐸
elastic energies are 𝐸1 and 𝐸2 , then 𝐸1 is equal to
2

a) 𝑘1 : 𝑘2 b) 𝑘2 : 𝑘1 c) √𝑘1 : √𝑘2 d) 𝑘12 : 𝑘22

3. A man, by working a hand pump fixed to a well, pumps out 10 m3 water in 1 s. If the water in the well is 10
m below the ground level, then the work done by the man is (g = 10ms −2 )
a) 103 J b) 104 J c) 105 J d) 106 J
4. An object of mass 𝑚 is tied to a string of length 𝐿 and a variable horizontal force is applied on it which
starts at zero and gradually increases until the string makes an angel θ with the vertical. Work done by the
force 𝐹 is

a) 𝑚g𝐿(1 − sin θ) b) 𝑚g𝐿 c) 𝑚g𝐿(1 − cos θ) d) 𝑚g𝐿(1 + cos θ)

5. A bullet of mas 𝑚 moving with velocity 𝑣 strikes a block of mass 𝑀 at rest and gets embedded into it. The
kinetic energy of the composite block will be
1 𝑚 1 𝑀 1 (𝑀 + 𝑚) 1 𝑚
a) 𝑚𝑣 2 × b) 𝑚𝑣 2 × c) 𝑚𝑣 2 × d) 𝑀𝑣 2 ×
2 (𝑚 + 𝑀) 2 (𝑚 + 𝑀) 2 (𝑀) 2 (𝑚 + 𝑀)
6. The kinetic energy acquired by a mass 𝑚 in travelling a certain distance 𝑑 starting from rest under the
action of a constant force is directly proportional to
a) √𝑚 b) Independent of 𝑚 c) 1/√𝑚 d) 𝑚
7. Choose the incorrect statement
a) No work is done if the displacement is perpendicular to the direction of the applied force
b) If the angle between the force and displacement vectors is obtuse, then the work done is negative
c) Frictional force in non-conservative
d) All the central forces are non-conservative
8. A particle is released from a height 𝑆. At certain height its kinetic energy is three times its potential energy.
The height and speed of the particle at that instant are respectively
 𝑆 3𝑔𝑆
a) , b) 𝑆 , √3𝑔𝑆 c) 𝑆 , √3𝑔𝑆 d) 𝑆 . √3𝑔𝑆
4 2 4 2 2 2 4 2
9. A uniform chain of length 𝐿 and mass 𝑀 overhangs a horizontal table with its two-third part on the table.
The friction coefficient between the table and the chain is μ. The work done by the friction during the
period the chain slips off the table is
1 2 4 6
a) − μ𝑀g𝐿 b) − μ𝑀g𝐿 c) − μ𝑀g𝐿 d) − μ𝑀g𝐿
4 9 9 7
10. A stone of mass 2 kg is projected upward with KE of 98 J. The height at which the KE of the body becomes
half its original value, is given by (Take g = 10ms−2 )
a) 5 m b) 2.5 m c) 1.5 m d) 0.5 m
11. A light inextensible string that goes over a smooth fixed pulley as shown in the figure connects two blocks
of masses 0.36kg and 0.72kg.Taking g=10ms−2 ,find the work done (in joule)by string on the block of
mass 0.36kg during the first second after the system is released from rest .

a) 8 J b) 9 J c) 7 J d) 0.48 J
12. A spring, which is initially in its unstretched condition, is first stretched by a length𝑥 and then again by a
further length 𝑥.The work done in the first case is w1 , and in the second case is w2 . Then
a) W2 = W1 b) W2 = 2W1 c) 𝑤2 = 3𝑤1 d) 𝑤2 = 4𝑤1
13. A mass of 𝑀 𝑘𝑔 is suspended by a weightless string. The horizontal force that is required to displace it
until the string makes an angle of 45° with the initial vertical direction is
𝑀𝑔
a) 𝑀𝑔√2 b) c) 𝑀𝑔(√2 − 1) d) 𝑀𝑔(√2 + 1)
√2
14. Figure shows the 𝐹-𝑥 graph. Where 𝐹 is the force applied and 𝑥 is the distance covered
F
10
5

0 x
1 2 3 4
–5
–10
By the body along a straight line path. Given that 𝐹 is in 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛 and 𝑥 in 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒, what is the work done?
a) 10 𝐽 b) 20 𝐽 c) 30 𝐽 d) 40 𝐽
15. A body of mass 2 𝑘𝑔 slides down a curved track which is quadrant of a circle of radius 1 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒. All the
surfaces are frictionless. If the body starts from rest, its speed at the bottom of the track is
1m

1m

a) 4.43 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 b) 2 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 c) 0.5 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 d) 19.6 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐

16. The work done against gravity in taking 10 𝑘𝑔 mass at 1𝑚 height in 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐 will be
a) 49 𝐽 b) 98 𝐽 c) 196 𝐽 d) None of these
17. A vertical spring with force constant 𝐾 is fixed on a table. A ball of mass 𝑚 at a height ℎ above the free
upper end of the spring falls vertically on the spring so that the spring is compressed by a distance 𝑑. The
net work done in the process is

1 1
a) 𝑚𝑔 + (ℎ + 𝑑) + 𝐾𝑑 2 b) 𝑚𝑔(ℎ + 𝑑) − 𝐾𝑑 2
2 2
1 1
c) 𝑚𝑔(ℎ − 𝑑) − 𝐾𝑑 2 d) 𝑚𝑔(ℎ − 𝑑) + 𝐾𝑑 2
2 2
18. A 50 𝑘𝑔 man with 20 𝑘𝑔 load on his head climbs up 20 steps of 0.25𝑚 height each. The work done in
climbing is
a) 5 𝐽 b) 350 𝐽 c) 100 𝐽 d) 3430 𝐽
19. A vertical spring with force constant k is fixed on a table .A ball of mass m at a height ℎ above the free
upper end of the spring falls vertically on the spring, so that the spring is compressed by a distance 𝑑. The
net work done in the process is
1 1 1 1
a) 𝑚𝑔(ℎ + 𝑑) + 𝑘𝑑 2 b) 𝑚𝑔(ℎ + 𝑑) − 𝑘𝑑 2 c) 𝑚𝑔(ℎ − 𝑑) − 𝑘𝑑 2 d) 𝑚𝑔(ℎ − 𝑑) + 𝑘𝑑 2
2 2 2 2
20. A rectangular plank of mass 𝑚1 and height 𝑎 is kept on a horizontal surface. Another rectangular plank of
mass 𝑚2 and height 𝑏 is placed over the first plank. The gravitational potential energy of the system is
𝑚 𝑚 𝑏
a) 𝑚1 + 𝑚2 (𝑎 + 𝑏) b) [ 1 2 𝑎 + 𝑚2 ]
2 2
𝑚1 𝑏 𝑚1 𝑏
c) [( + 𝑚2 ) 𝑎 + 𝑚2 ] d) ( + 𝑚2 ) 𝑎 + 𝑚1
2 2 2 2
21. A spring of spring constant 5 × 103 Nm−1 is stretched initially by 5 cm from the unstretched position. Then
the work required to stretch it further by another 5 cm is
a) 12.50 N-m b) 18.75 N-m c) 25.00 N-m d) 6.25 N-m
22. In the given curved road, if particle is released from 𝐴 then

a) Kinetic energy at 𝐵 must be 𝑚gℎ b) Kinetic energy at 𝐵 may be zero

c) Kinetic energy at 𝐵 must be less than 𝑚gℎ d) Kinetic energy at 𝐵 must not be equal to zero
23. Water is drawn from a well in a 5 kg drum of capacity 55 L by two ropes connected to the top of the drum.
The linear mass density of each rope is 0.5 kgm−1 . The work done in lifting water to the ground from the
surface of water in the well 20 m below is [g = 10ms−2 ]
a) 1.4 × 104 J b) 1.5 × 104 J c) 9.8 × 10 × 6 J d) 18 J
24. If a long spring is stretched by 0.02 𝑚, its potential energy is 𝑈. If the spring is stretched by 0.1 𝑚, then its
potential energy will be
𝑈
a) b) 𝑈 c) 5 𝑈 d) 25 𝑈
5
25. A body of mass 4 kg is moving with momentum of 8 kg − ms−1 . A force of 0.2 N acts on it in the direction
of motion of the body for 10 s. The increase in KE in joule is
a) 10 b) 8.5 c) 4.5 d) 4
26. A particle is acted upon by a force 𝐹 which varies with position 𝑥 as shown in the figure. If the particle at
𝑥 = 0 has kinetic energy of 25 J, then the kinetic energy of the particle at 𝑥 = 16 𝑚 is

a) 45 J b) 30 J c) 70 J d) 135 J
27. An open knife edge of mass ‘𝑚’ is dropped from a height ‘ℎ’ on a wooden floor. If the blade penetrates upto
the depth ‘d’ into the wood, the average resistance offered by the wood edge is
ℎ ℎ ℎ 2
a) 𝑚𝑔 b) 𝑚𝑔 (1 − ) c) 𝑚𝑔 (1 + ) d) 𝑚𝑔 (1 + )
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
28. The bob 𝐴 simple pendulum is released when the string makes an angle of 45° with the vertical. It hits
another bob 𝐵 of the same material and same mass kept at rest on the table. If the collision is elastic
O

45o

A
B
a) Both 𝐴 and 𝐵 rise to the same height b) Both 𝐴 and 𝐵 come to rest at 𝐵
𝐴 comes to rest and 𝐵 moves with the velocity of
c) Both 𝐴 and 𝐵 move with the same velocity of 𝐴 d)
𝐴
29. 4𝑚 of water is to be pumped to a height of 20m and forced into a reservoir at a pressure of 2 × 105 𝑁𝑚−2
3

The work done by the motor is (external pressure= 105 Nm−2 )

a) 8 × 105 J b) 16 × 105 J c) 12 × 105 J d) 32 × 105 J
30. A mass of 0.5 𝑘𝑔 moving with a speed of 1.5 𝑚/𝑠 on a horizontal smooth surface, collides with a nearly
weightless spring of force constant 𝑘 = 50 𝑁/𝑚. The maximum compression of the spring would be
a) 0.15 𝑚 b) 0.12 𝑚 c) 1.5 𝑚 d) 0.5 𝑚
31. A body of mass 3 kg acted upon by a constant force is displaced by 𝑠 metre, given by relation 𝑠 = 1 𝑡 2 ,
3
where 𝑡 is in second. Work done by the force in 2 s
8 19 5 3
a) J b) J c) J d) J
3 5 19 8
32. A glass ball is dropped from height 10 m. If there is 20% loss of energy due to impact, then after one
impact, the ball will be upto
a) 2 m b) 4 m c) 6 m d) 8 m
 : HINTS AND SOLUTIONS :
1 (b) 8 (d)
Gravitational force is a conservative force and Velocity at 𝐵 when dropped from 𝐴 where 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑆
work done against it is a point function 𝑖. 𝑒. does 𝑣 2 = 0 + 2𝑔(𝑆 − 𝑥)
not depend on the path Or 𝑣 2 = 2𝑔(𝑆 − 𝑥) …(i)
2 (a) Potential energy at 𝐵 = 𝑚𝑔𝑥 …(ii)
1
𝐸 = 𝑘𝑥 2
2
∴ 𝐸∝𝑘
𝐸1 𝑘1
∴ =
𝐸2 𝑘2
3 (d)
Mass to be lifted = 10 × 102 kg ∵ Kinetic energy = 3 × potential energy
[∴ density of water = 103 kgm−3 ] 1
∴ 𝑚 × 2𝑔(𝑆 − 𝑥) = 3 × 𝑚𝑔𝑥
Height, ℎ = 10 m 2
⇒ 𝑆 − 𝑥 = 3𝑥 or 𝑆 = 4𝑥 or 𝑥 = 𝑆/4
Work done = 104 × 10 × 10 = 106 J
From (i),
4 (c)
𝑆 2𝑔 × 3𝑆 3𝑔𝑆
𝑊 = ∆𝐾 or 𝑊𝑇 + 𝑊g + 𝑊𝐹 = 0 𝑣 2 = 2𝑔(𝑆 − 𝑥) = 2𝑔 (𝑆 − ) = =
4 4 2
(Since, change in kinetic energy is zero) 3𝑔𝑆 𝑆 3𝑔𝑆
⇒𝑣=√ ∴ 𝑥 = 4 and 𝑣 = √
2 2
9 (b)
𝑀
𝑑𝑊 = −μ [ ] g𝑙 𝑑𝑙
𝐿
2𝐿
3
Here, 𝑊𝑇 = work done by tension = 0 μ𝑀g
𝑊=∫− 𝑙 𝑑𝑙
𝑊g = work done by fore of gravity 𝐿
0
= −𝑚gℎ 2𝐿
μ𝑀g 𝑙2 3
= −𝑚g𝐿(1 − cos θ) or 𝑊 = − 𝐿 |2 |
0
∴ 𝑊𝐹 = −𝑊g = 𝑚g𝐿(1 − cos θ) μ𝑀g 4𝐿2
or 𝑊 = − | − 0|
5 (a) 𝐿 9
2
By conservation of momentum, 𝑚𝑣 + 𝑀 × 0 = or 𝑊 = − 9 μ𝑀g𝐿
(𝑚 + 𝑀)𝑉 10 (b)
𝑚
Velocity of composite block 𝑉 = (𝑚+𝑀) 𝑣 1
𝐾= 𝑚𝑣 2
1 2
K.E. of composite block = 2 (𝑀 + 𝑚)𝑉 2 98 × 2
1 𝑚 2 1 𝑚 𝑣2 = = 98
2
= (𝑀 + 𝑚) ( ) 𝑣 2 = 𝑚𝑣 2 ( )
2 𝑀+𝑚 2 𝑚+𝑀 𝑣2 98
6 (b) ℎ= = =5
2g 2 × 9.8
Kinetic energy acquired by the body 1 1
𝐾1 = 𝑚𝑣 2 = 𝑚 × 2gℎ
= Force applied on it × distance covered by the 2 2
body 𝐾2 ℎ2
∴ =
K.E. = 𝐹 × 𝑑 𝐾1 ℎ1
𝐾1
If 𝐹 and 𝑑 both are same then K. E. acquired by Given 𝐾2 = 2
the body will be same 𝐾1 ℎ2
7 (d) ∴ = =
2𝐾1 5
All the central forces are conservative ∴ ℎ2 = 2.5 m
11 (a) ∴ 𝐹 = 𝑀𝑔(√2 − 1)
Net pulling force 14 (a)
𝑎=
Total mass Work done = area under curve and displacement
axis
0.72𝑔 − 0.36𝑔 𝑔
= = = 1 × 10 − 1 × 10 + 1 × 10 = 10 𝐽
0.72 + 0.36 3 15 (a)
1 2 1 𝑔 𝑔
𝑠 = 𝑎𝑡 = ( ) (1)2 = 1
By conservation of energy, 𝑚𝑔ℎ = 2 𝑚𝑣 2
2 2 3 6
𝑔
T−0.36𝑔 = 0.36𝑎 = 0.36 3 ⇒ 𝑣 = √2𝑔ℎ = √2 × 9.8 × 1 = √19.6 = 4.43 𝑚/𝑠
∴ 𝑇 = 0.48𝑔 16 (b)
Now,𝑤 𝑇 = 𝑇𝑆 cos 0°(𝑜𝑛 0.36 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠) Work done = 𝑚𝑔ℎ = 10 × 9.8 × 1 = 98 𝐽
𝑔 17 (b)
= (0.48 𝑔) ( ) (1) = 0.08(𝑔2 )
6 Gravitational potential energy of ball gets
2
= 0.08(10) = 8J converted into elastic potential energy of the
1
spring 𝑚𝑔(ℎ + 𝑑) = 2 𝐾𝑑 2
1
Net work done = 𝑚𝑔(ℎ + 𝑑) − 2 𝐾𝑑 2 = 0
18 (d)
Total mass = (50 + 20) = 70 𝑘𝑔
Total height = 20 × 0.25 = 5𝑚
∴ Work done = 𝑚𝑔ℎ = 70 × 9.8 × 5 = 3430 𝐽
19 (b)
Situation is shown in figure. When mass m falls
12 (c) vertically on spring, then spring is compressed by
The work done in stretching a sprig by a length 𝑥, distance d.
1
𝑊1 = 2 𝑘𝑥 2 …(i)
The work done in stretching the spring by a further
length𝑥.
1 1
𝑊2 = 𝑘(2𝑥) 2 − 𝑘𝑥 2
2 2
1 1
Or 𝑊2 = 2 𝑘 × 4𝑥 2 − 2 𝑘𝑥 2
1
Or 𝑊2 = 3 × 2 𝑘𝑥 2 ...(ii)
From Esq. (i) and (ii)we have Hence, net work done in the process is
𝑊2 = 3𝑊1 W=Potential energy stored in the spring
13 (c) +Loss of potential energy of mass
Work done by horizontal force 1
=𝑚𝑔(ℎ + 𝑑) − 2 𝑘𝑑 2
𝑊 = 𝐹 × 𝑆 = 𝐹 × 𝑙 sin 𝜃 ….(i)
Increment in potential energy of mass M is 20 (c)
𝑎
𝑈 = 𝑀𝑔ℎ = 𝑀𝑔(𝑙 − 𝑙 cos 𝜃) = 𝑀𝑔𝑙(1 − cos 𝜃) Height of CG of mass 𝑚1 =
2
𝑏
…..(ii) Height of CG of mass 𝑚2 = 𝑎 + 2
∴ Gravitational potential energy of system
𝑎 𝑏 𝑚1 𝑏
= 𝑚1 g + 𝑚2 g (𝑎 + ) = [ + 𝑚2 ] g𝑎 + 𝑚2 g
2 2 2 2
𝑚1 𝑏
= [( + 𝑚2 ) 𝑎 + 𝑚2 ] g
2 2
21 (b)
From equation (i) and (ii) 1 1×5
𝑊1 = 𝑘𝑥12 = × 103 × (5 × 10−2 )2 = 6.25 J
𝐹𝑙 sin 𝜃 = 𝑀𝑔𝑙(1 − cos 𝜃) 2 2
1 1 1
⇒ 𝐹𝑙 = 𝑀𝑔𝑙 (1 − ) [As 𝜃 = 45°] 𝑊2 = 𝑘(𝑥1 + 𝑥2 )2
√2 √2 2
 1
= × 5 × 103 (5 × 10−2 + 5 × 10−2 )2 = 25 J
2
Net work done = 𝑊2 − 𝑊1
= 25 − 6.25 = 18.75 J = 18.75 N − m
22 (b)
1. If the surface is smooth then the kinetic
energy at 𝐵 never be zero

2. If the surface is rough, the kinetic energy at 1

𝑊 = [ × 6 × 10] + [4 × (−5)] + [4 × 5]
𝐵 be zero. Because, work done by force of 2
friction is negative. If work done by friction + [2 × (−5)]
is equal to 𝑚gℎ then, net work done on ⇒ 𝑊 = 30 − 20 + 20 − 10 = 20 𝐽 ….(i)
body will be zero. Hence, net change in According to work energy theorem
kinetic energy is zero. Hence, (b) is correct 𝐾𝑓 − 𝐾𝑖 = 𝑊 ⇒ (𝐾𝑓 )𝑥=16𝑚 − (𝐾𝑖 )𝑥=0𝑚 = 𝑊
(𝐾𝑓 )𝑥=16𝑚 = (𝐾𝑖 )𝑥=0𝑚 + 𝑊
3. If the surface is rough, the kinetic energy at
= 25 J + 20 J = 45 J [Using (i)]
𝐵 must be lesser than 𝑚gℎ. If surface is
27 (c)
smooth, the kinetic energy at 𝐵 is equal to
Let the blade stops at depth 𝑑 into the wood
𝑚gℎ
A
h
4. The reason is same as in (a) and (b) u=2gh
Wood
B en
23 (a) d
c floor
Work done in lifting water and drum v=0
= 60 × 10 × 20 J = 12000 J 𝑣2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑆
Total mass of ropes = 40 × 0.5 kg= 20 kg 2
⇒ 0 = (√2𝑔ℎ) + 2(𝑔 − 𝑎)𝑑
Work done in the case of ropes ℎ
= 20 × 10 × 10 = 2000 J By solving 𝑎 = (1 + 𝑑) 𝑔
Total work done = 14000 J So the resistance offered by the wood = 𝑚𝑔 (1 +
24 (d) ℎ
)
2
𝑈2 𝑥2 2 0.1 2 𝑑
𝑈∝𝑥 ⇒ =( ) =( ) = 25 ∴ 𝑈2 28 (d)
𝑈1 𝑥1 0.02
= 25 𝑈 Due to the same mass of 𝐴 and 𝐵 as well as due to
25 (c) elastic collision velocities of spheres get
Initially, 4𝑢 = 8 ⇒ 𝑢 = 2m/s interchanged after the colision
Now, 𝑚𝑣 − 𝑚𝑢 = 𝐹𝑡 29 (c)
𝑚𝑣 − 8 = 0.2 × 10 Work done 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ + ∆𝑝𝑉
or 𝑣 = 5/2 ms−1 =𝑉𝑝𝑔ℎ + ∆𝑝𝑉
1 Given V=4m3 , p = 103 kg −2 , g = 10ms−2 ,
Increase in KE = 2 𝑚(𝑣 2 − 𝑢2 )
h = 20m, ∆p = (2 × 105 − 1 × 105 )Nm−2
1 5 2 𝑊 = 4 × 103 × 10 × 20 + (2 × 105 − 1 × 105 ) × 4
= × 4 [( ) − (2)2 ]
2 2 8 × 105 + 4 × 105 = 12 × 105 J
= 4.5 J 30 (a)
26 (a) The kinetic energy of mass is converted into
Work done 𝑊 = Area under 𝐹-𝑥 graph with potential energy of a spring
proper sign 𝑊 = Area of triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 + Area of
rectangle 𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹 + Area of rectangle 𝐹𝐺𝐻𝐼 + Area 1 1 𝑚𝑣 2 0.5 × (1.5)2
𝑚𝑣 2 = 𝑘𝑥 2 ⇒ 𝑥 = √ =√
of 𝐼𝐽𝐾𝐿 2 2 𝑘 50
= 0.15 𝑚
31 (a)
1 2
𝑠= 𝑡
3

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 𝑑𝑠 2 𝑑2 𝑠 2 1 8
𝑣= = 𝑡, 𝑎 = 2 = 𝑊 =2× ×2×2= J
𝑑𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡 3 3 3
2 32 (d)
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 = 3 × = 2 N
3 Clearly, 80% energy is retained after impact
1 2 80
𝑊 = 2× 𝑡 ∴ ℎ′ = × 10 = 8 m
3 100
At 𝑡 = 2 s,