International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science and Technology (IJIRCST)

ISSN (Online): 2347-5552, Volume-12, Issue-5 September 2024

https://doi.org/10.55524/ijircst.2024.12.5.3
Article ID IJIRD-1349, Pages 14-23
www.ijircst.org

AI-Policing in India- Existing Research and Where to Begin

Future Research?
Ms. Saswati Nath1, and Prof. Arup Barman2
1
Superintendent of Training, North East Police Academy (NEPA), Shillong, Meghalaya, India
2
Professor & Head, Department of Business Administration, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
Correspondence should be addressed to Arup Barman;
Received 26 July 2024; Revised 9 August 2024; Accepted 23 August 2024
Copyright © 2024 made by Arup Barman et al . This is an open-access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

ABSTRACT- Automated systems in policing show its discriminatory issues, (iii) ethical issues; and the (iv) issues
promise, with machine learning allowing early intervention of training and development.
for at-risk youth. Randomized trials in the US show the AI policing in India is in the nascent stages. Selectively
deterrent effects of police on crime. Autonomous robots only in a few states of India AI and predictive policing are
allow closer inspection of dangerous situations, paving the in implementation. AI policing is a critical system and
way for the development of lawful artificial agents. AI process, having multifaceted aspects. As AI policing in
Policing in India is a burgeoning field that holds immense India is still in an embryonic stage of implementation,
promise in transforming traditional law enforcement understanding total management of AI applications in crime
practices. As artificial intelligence technologies continue to tracking, governance and social safety, data systems, data
advance, their integration into policing operations has the collection, ethical, bias and debiasing process, technology
potential to revolutionize crime prevention, detection, and application and crime profiling, decision, application for
investigation. designing criminalistic algorithms, etc. many more allied
This paper delves into the landscape of AI policing in India, issues. At the same time training and capacity for AI
exploring its implementation, impact on crime prevention, policing are the great challenges that need solutions in the
ethical considerations, public perception, and prospects. By days of AI in India
delving into these facets, this article aims to provide a
comprehensive overview of the evolving role of AI in II. AIM AND OBJECTIVES
shaping the future of policing in the Indian context.
The main aim of the study is to appreciate AI policing in
KEYWORDS: Crime Tracking, Predictive Policing, India and to discover the status of existing trends of
Surveillance, Traffic Management, Law Enforcement research for future deep exploration of AI in India.
The aim is to accomplish the following research objectives
I. INTRODUCTION  Firstly, to create a descriptive portrait of the process
view of AI policing;
The term "AI policing" describes the use of artificial  Secondly, to examine the research concentration on AI
intelligence (AI) in many areas of law enforcement to policing;
streamline operations, enhance overall efficiency, and
 Thirdly, to examine future and possible research in the
improve decision-making processes. Law enforcement
context of AI policing in India.
organizations want to better anticipate and prevent crimes
by using AI techniques, which will eventually make the
community safer. Utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) to III. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
streamline operations, increase overall efficiency, and Our study is purely a review-based analysis. We collected
enhance decision-making processes is referred to as "AI the kinds of literature from multiple sources. Many a time
policing" in several fields of law enforcement. Using AI to collect the pieces of evidence we took the support of the
approaches, law enforcement agencies want to better AI applications of SCI-Space, the free version to search and
anticipate and prevent crimes, ultimately leading to a safer verify the stored and available and stored kinds of literature.
community. Systems scan vast volumes of data and spot
trends that could point to illegal conduct using sophisticated IV. PROCESS VIEW OF AI POLICING
algorithms and machine learning approaches. The key
aspects of AI policing are - (i) Surveillance and monitoring; Advanced technologies are integrated into several parts of
(ii) Predictive policing; (iii) Investigation and evidence law enforcement through the process of AI policing, which
analysis; (iv) Traffic management; (v) Cybersecurity; and is a complete strategy. Along with addressing moral and
(vi) Community engagement and support. Side by side, legal issues, it seeks to improve policing's efficacy,
many challenges exist in the adaptation of AI in policing. efficiency, and equity. To make sure AI technologies are
Some of the indicative issues are (i) the issues of civil utilized ethically and effectively in the interest of public
liberty, (ii) issue bias and fairness due to crop-up safety, this process entails a continuous cycle of data
gathering, processing, decision-making, implementation,
public involvement, and assessment. Artificial intelligence
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policing is a multifaceted process that involves complicated improvement are all included in the process. It takes
interactions between data, technology, human judgment, significant thought and management to make sure AI tools
and social variables. Data collection and processing, are applied in law enforcement in an efficient, moral, and
decision-making, implementation, handling ethical and responsible manner because each step has its own unique
legal concerns, public engagement, ongoing review, and set of difficulties and complications (Figure 1)

Source: Barman. A, 2024 (Author2)

Figure 1: Complex View of AI Policing

Beyond a clear process view of AI integration in policing, Interaction; and finally (7) Evaluation and Improvement.
the study is not going to proceed further. We explored Artificial intelligence (AI) improves human inquiry by
process view through and flow chart for AI policing offering capabilities for data analysis, pattern identification,
through AI application. The main node for exploration was predictive policing, and resource management. AI combines
AI Policing as a process, shown in below Figure 2. The data collection and analysis by aggregating all the facilities
figure captured as far as possible the contents, processes such as data gathering from Crime Reports, Social Media,
and activities of AI policing from the generalist points of Surveillance Footage, and Public Records. An AI system
view. The main steps for AI policing are – (1) Data for AI-Policing analyses data through pattern recognitions
Collection, (2) Data Processing (3) Decision Making (4) and correlations in crime data, thereby facilitating in
Implementation (5) Legal and ethical issues (6) Public uncovering of trends and hotspots.

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Figure 2: Process View of AI Policing

AI policing most frequently uses the term predictive algorithms. They utilize neural networks for adaptive
policing which helps in crime forecasting by analysing learning, identifying links, and classification, enhancing
historical crime data and assessing the risk at the crime policing efficiency and accuracy. Creating a systematic
location and times. With the help of predictive analytics view of AI policing is difficult due to the application, socio-
police professionals allocate police resources more psychological, Ethico-legal, technological, policy and
efficiently for the spots of higher crime rates. AI-policing management aspects.
system offers investigative assistance to police with the
help of facial recognition for identifying the suspects, V. REVIEW OF RESEARCH & LITERATURE
behaviour 11 patterns in video footage for suspicious
behaviour, and data mining for large volumes of data. A methodical examination of the existing literature on AI
Intelligence-led policing integrates IoT and police network policing was reviewed to find evidence of the study on AI
technology, enhancing data processing, unified command, policing. The table 1 explains the concentration of studies
rapid response, and operational efficiency. The researcher or focus of the study on the themes and the country
on the Suspect Target Management Plan (STMP) by NSW revealed-
Police known as an electronic police system utilizes the
object detection and target tracking algorithms for
intelligent traffic management in conjugation of adoption of
machine learning for predictive policing. The STMP by
NSW Police cautions about the risks of algorithmic
policing, automation bias, and impacts on young and
Indigenous offenders. AI systems in law enforcement aid in
crime investigation, database creation, and criminalistic

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Table-1: Existing Research & Literature

S.No. Core Themes Focused Issues Locational
Context
1 AI adoption in predictive Specialised Technology Training, Innovative Officer Abu Dhabi
policing[1] Performance, and Collaborative Learning
2 Human-guided training in AI Performance, Ethical Concern, AI-Based Policing,
AI[2] Management Based Regulation
3 AI Knowledge-Based Police n Crime Investigation, Collecting Processing of
System[3] Data Impacting Police System Management
4 AI adoption in crime Factors influencing Limited Resources, Crime Rates, Lack
management[4] of Innovative Policing
5 AI Adoption for AI Crime Reporting, Need for Organisational and Social
Policing[5] Readiness, Need for Management Perspectives
6 Integrating Techs such as Effective Management and ethical framework, improved
predictive analytics and crime detection and operational efficiency
facial recognition[6]
7 Data-Driven Mgt, and AI ethics in predictive policing, emphasizing an ethics of
Government Services [7] care.
8 AI for Police Importance To improve public service and crime prevention strategies
systems[8]
9 Intervention Means[9] Impacts policing, requiring nuanced regulation to balance European AI
crime prevention and online presence Act (AIA
10 Continuous evaluation of AI policing to align with societal values, suggesting
AI applications[10] treating AI adoption, Social Experiment
11 Leveraging AI for Video surveillance analysis, forensic science, and criminal
predictive policing[11] profiling
12 AI adoption in law Human accountability, address discrimination, and prompt
enforcement[12] societies.
13 AI adoption in law Suspect profiling, traffic control, dark web analysis, child
enforcement agencies[13] pornography detection, and anomaly detection
14 AIoT for smart context-aware services, mechanisms for AI adoption and
policing[14] management in AI-based policing.
15 Ethical assessments of AI Socio-technical complexity, involving human design,
in policing[15] comprehensive scrutiny and management of AI adoption

16 Police formations involve AI tools for effective crime detection, Need for Effective Poland
ICT-enhanced Management
solutions[16]
17 The current state of AI in Crimes like market manipulation, AI adoption in law
policing[17] enforcement management
18 Enhancing policing Trust, ethics, and civil rights implications, issue of law North
capabilities[18] enforcement Carolina, USA

19 Leveraging AI for Video surveillance analysis, forensic science, and criminal

predictive policing[19] profiling
20 AI adoption in law Human accountability, addressing discrimination, and
enforcement [12] prompt societies
21 AI adoption in law Applications in suspect profiling, traffic control, dark web
enforcement agencies[20] analysis, child pornography detection, and anomaly
detection
22 AIoT for smart Mechanisms for AI adoption and management in AI-based
policing[21] policing applications.
23 Ethical assessments of AI Socio-technical complexity, involving human design and
in policing[22] impact on individuals
24 AI adoption in Polish AI tools for effective crime detection, Management of
police formations[23] Efficiency
25 the current state of AI in Crimes like market manipulation, opportunities and
policing[24] challenges for AI adoption in law enforcement
management
26 Future crime threats[25] Impact of techno-based crime due to AI enhancement
27 IoT integration in the police Police network technology, enhances data processing,
system[26] unified command, rapid response, and operational
efficiency. AI-based policing
28 Suspect Target NSW Police, cautioning about the risks of algorithmic New York,
Management Plan (STMP) policing, automation bias USA
[27]
29 Public perception on Algorithmic targets influence opinions
AI[28]
30 AI systems in law Aid in crime investigation, database creation, criminalistic

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enforcement[29] algorithm, neural networks for adaptive learning,

identifying links, and classification.
31 Adoption of AI in Person-based predictive policing strategies, Issue of
predictive policing[30] [31] technical sophistication, effectiveness
32 Using machine learning for Management includes Privacy Impact Assessments and
predictive policing[33] Data Protection Impact Assessments to evaluate AI's use.
33 Intelligent Management Internet of Things, enhancing scientific management,
System for police stability, security, maintenance, and scalability
equipment[34]
34 Suspect Target Risks of algorithmic policing, automation bias, and NSW Police,
Management Plan (STMP) impacts on young and Indigenous USA
[35]
35 Electronic police system Target tracking algorithms for intelligent traffic
utilizing object management
detection[36]
36 AI use. Algorithmic targets Agency Capacity Does not Impact on Public Trust
influence opinions[37]
37 Tech like K-means, neural Evaluate and select candidates, enhancing decision-
networks[38] making in the Police Force recruitment process
38 Aid in crime investigation, Utilize neural networks for adaptive learning, identifying
[39] links, and classification, enhancing policing efficiency and
accuracy, database creation, and criminalistic algorithms
39 Person-based predictive Varying technical sophistication, effectiveness, and ethical
policing strategies[40] concerns in AI adoption
40 AI adoption through Predictive Policing, Management includes Privacy Impact
Machine Learning[41] Assessments and Data Protection Impact Assessments to
evaluate AI's
41 Individual police Based on the Internet of Things, enhancing intelligent
equipment management management
system [42]
42 Criminal Justice Machine learning and algorithms, the criminal justice
System[43] system, but controversies persist
43 AI crime analysis and Police investigations, utilizing rule-based methods with
management system[44] potential for machine learning and neural network
[45] integration
44 Policing, crime prevention, Advanced AI methods in data mining Jordan
decision-making
support[46]
45 Adoption and management AI algorithms, and sensors for traffic control, emergency
in AI-based policing[47] vehicle prioritization, and fire detection
46 Specific management Aiding in predicting threats
aspects of AI in
policing[48]
47 Predictive policing and risk Accuracy and management of AI systems for law
assessment raises[49] enforcement purposes
48 AI tools like MAGNETO Analyzing big data, enhancing data processing,
for a safer community[50] management, analysis, correlation, and reasoning
49 Implementation of machine oversight, and the impact of austerity on the development
learning algorithms in of predictive analytics tools
policing[51]
50 AI adoption in law The ability to analyze vast data is beneficial. Effective
enforcement[52] management is crucial for the successful implementation
of AI
51 Law enforcement, Collaborative Project of Monash University and Australia
including managing AI Australian Federal Police
adoption [53]
52 Integrating AI technologies Proper implementation, monitoring, and ethical use of AI
into police work[54] tools to enhance law enforcement operations
53 Enhances efficiency, data- Ethical guidelines and human rights must be prioritized to
driven processes, and ensure trustworthy AI management in law enforcement
capabilities[55]
54 Trustworthy AI adoption 3 pillars approach governing law, ethical standards, and
and management in AI- accountable personnel
based policing[56]
55 AI adoption & Balancing public safety and civil liberties, address
management[57] challenges and ensure ethical use
56 AI adoption in law Leveraging AI's analytical capabilities for crime-solving USA Law
enforcement [58] Enforcement
57 Smart patrolling in AI and ML for effective patrol routes based on spatial-
policing, [59] temporal crime data, enhancing security and optimizing
police resource allocation

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AI adoption in policing Enhances crime prevention, aligning with legal

Crime Prevention[60] frameworks; legal protections for suspects may lag; AI
advancements, necessitating adjustments to balance crime
prevention and legal rights
58 Evaluate citizens' Viewpoints on security, privacy, and resistance, offering
perspectives on AI use[61] insights for public engagement in AI-based policing
management
59 Algorithmic policing[62] Utilizes automated risk scores to prioritize work amid UK
budget cuts, allowing officers to co-construct decisions by
scrutinizing scores alongside other considerations
60 Managing innovation in the cultural changes and emphasized celebrating success,
police service[63] admitting mistakes, and customer-focused service delivery
61 Framework integrating For adoption of these facilitates enhancing situational
BWCs, drones, and AI[64] awareness, evidence collection, safety, efficiency, and
compliance
62 Predictive policing and AI and its potential use of AI in different areas of criminal
criminal intelligence[65] intelligence explored
63 Digital police[66] Monitoring and controlling AI activities, Independent Use
of AI-Policing according to requirement.
64 Detecting and Committing AI technologies like A/B optimisation, deep fake
Crimes[67] technologies, and algorithmic profiling play crucial roles

VI. SUMMARY OF REVIEW AND RESEARCH command structure, quick response and operational
CONCENTRATION efficiency. The NSW Police’s Suspect Target Management
Plan (STMP) warns against perils associated with
AI adoption in predictive policing has the potential to algorithmic policing, automation bias as well as harm it can
enhance crime mitigation performance through factors such do towards young people or Indigenous offenders. Artificial
as Predictive Policing Adoption, Specialized Technology Intelligence systems used in law enforcement help solve
Training, Innovative Officer Performance, and criminal cases as well as generate databases and
Collaborative Learning. Human-assisted AI training can criminalistic algorithms.
boost the performance of AI and deal with ethical issues in
AI-aided policing. Policy-centred regulation stresses human VII. WHAT EMPHASIZED WHERE?
participation in the development and training of AI. AI
knowledge-based systems assist law enforcers in solving The Abu Dhabi Police has been a pioneer in the adoption of
crimes by collecting, analyzing and transforming data into Artificial Intelligence (AI) in predictive policing, which has
information, thus enhancing the efficiency of managing AI been shown to enhance crime mitigation performance. This
for policing. Factors that determine the adoption of AI in is due to factors such as Predictive Policing Adoption,
crime management include constrained resources, Specialised Technology Training, Innovative Officer
escalating criminal activities, and the need for new models
such as predictive policing. Performance, and Collaborative Learning. Human-guided
AI adoption in law enforcement comprises using artificial training in AI can enhance AI performance and address
intelligence (AI) for video surveillance analysis, forensic ethical concerns in AI-based policing. Management-based
science, predictive policing, and criminal profiling among regulation emphasizes human oversight in AI development
others. In this case, issues related to ethics like privacy and and training.
bias should be managed well while using it. Therefore, AI adoption in policing involves integrating technologies
accountability is essential in the process of adopting like predictive analytics and facial recognition, requiring
artificial intelligence into law enforcement, mitigating ethical frameworks to guide responsible deployment for
discrimination concerns and striking balances amid improved crime detection and operational efficiency. AI
effective law enforcement. The paper discusses Smart ethics in predictive policing emphasize an ethics of care. AI
Policing’s Internet of Things (IoT), indicating AI's role in adoption in law enforcement agencies is progressing, with
context-aware services. To examine whether or not it is applications like suspect profiling, traffic control, dark web
correct to use AI for surveillance in policing one has to analysis, child pornography detection, and anomaly
make sure that AI adoption in law enforcement should detection presenting both challenges and opportunities.
prioritize human accountability, address discrimination, and The European Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) impacts
prompt societies to consider the balance between effective policing, requiring nuanced regulation to balance crime
law enforcement and individual freedoms. prevention and online presence. The paper emphasizes the
Literal evidence on an exploration of AIoT for smart continuous evaluation of AI applications in policing to align
policing highlighted the involvement of AI in context-aware with societal values, suggesting treating AI adoption as a
services. Ethical assessments of AI in policing should social experiment for responsible use.
consider the socio-technical complexity, involving human AI adoption in law enforcement agencies is progressing,
design and its effect on individuals, to ensure with applications like suspect profiling, traffic control, dark
comprehensive scrutiny and management of AI adoption. web analysis, child pornography detection, and anomaly
Police officers in North Carolina think that AI enhances detection presenting both challenges and opportunities. The
their capabilities to fight crimes but have worries about paper explores AIoT for smart policing, highlighting AI's
trust, ethics, and civil rights violations. IoT-driven role in context-aware services. Ethical assessments of AI in
intelligence-led policing – Integration of police network policing should consider the socio-technical complexity,
technology with IoT helps in data processing, unified involving human design and its impact on individuals, to

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ensure comprehensive scrutiny and management of AI These include; Integrated Al Technology Crime
adoption. Management System (ALTO-COPS), Intelligent Policing,
Police officers in North Carolina view AI as enhancing Advanced Analytics Based HQrs Crime Monitoring System
policing capabilities but express concerns about trust, (DAPCMS), etc., and more than 12 such systems are in
ethics, and civil rights implications. Intelligence-led practice worldwide including U.S.A., U.K., China & many
policing integrates IoT and police network technology, more countries. Online challenges of AI implementation to
enhancing data processing, unified command, rapid law enforcement are linked with a lack of intervening tools
response, and operational efficiency. and such aspects of the European Artificial Intelligence Act
AI adoption in predictive policing is progressing, with (AIA) have implications on police practice requiring a
applications such as suspect profiling, traffic control, dark nuanced approach to regulate between preventing crime and
web analysis, child pornography detection, and anomaly having an online existence. The online challenges of AI
detection presenting both challenges and opportunities. based on the statute of the country is a challenge to Indian
Factors influencing AI adoption include limited resources, police too as indicated by the studies.
increasing crime rates, and the need for innovative policing The Indian police force has already started using Artificial
models like predictive policing. Management-based Intelligence. We have some evidence that shows how it is
regulation emphasizes human oversight in AI development applied by Uttar Pradesh Police Delhi Police Hyderabad. In
and training. Management includes Privacy Impact a large country like India where population is increasing
Assessments and Data Protection Impact Assessments to leading to a rise in crime rate. The nation should look
evaluate AI's use in cyber-policing data protection forward to greater assistance from technology. The current
environments. literature dealing with India is hardly anything other than a
AI adoption in law enforcement faces challenges online due brief paper showing the advantages that police are getting
to limited intervention means, and the European Artificial out of AI technology. While exploring the prospects of
Intelligence Act (AIA) impacts policing, requiring nuanced research on AI policing in India, the crucial focus should be
regulation to balance crime prevention and online presence. the adoption intention of AI crime management [68]Factors
Continuous evaluation of AI applications in policing is significant for AI adoption in law enforcement agencies
crucial to align with societal values and treat AI adoption as may enhance efficient and innovative implementation of
a social experiment for responsible use. intelligence-led predictive AI policing [70]. Understanding
Ethical considerations like privacy and biases require the process of debiasing in crime mapping, analytics and
careful management. AI adoption in law enforcement predictive systems has a lot of potential in an efficient
should prioritize human accountability, address police operation system in India. How to leverage 5G, big
discrimination, and prompt societies to consider the balance data analysis, and intelligent monitoring equipment can
between effective law enforcement and individual significantly enhance public safety and security and can
freedoms. AI adoption in law enforcement agencies is serve as the input for bringing revolution to the traditional
progressing, with applications like suspect profiling, traffic wireless and telecom-based policy management system.
control, dark web analysis, child pornography detection, Research and experimentation can be initiated for
and anomaly detection presenting both challenges and integrating large-scale language models like GPT to reduce
opportunities. the administrative burden of police management in the
Intelligence-led policing integrates IoT and police network system. A study is required on the proliferation of
technology, enhancing data processing, unified command, governance in the domain of police in India to design a
rapid response, and operational efficiency. The paper framework for police and public management that may
discusses the Suspect Target Management Plan (STMP) by guide the future direction AI led police integrating public
NSW Police, cautioning about the risks of algorithmic governance. In addition, management of the whole episode
policing, automation bias, and impacts on young and of AI police in India itself can open up many new vistas
Indigenous offenders systems in law enforcement aid in from the aspects of technology, policy, governance, and law
crime investigation, database creation, and criminalistic enforcement [70]
algorithms. They utilize neural networks for adaptive
learning, identifying links, and classification, enhancing IX. CONCLUSION
policing efficiency and accuracy.
In conclusion, AI adoption in policing is progressing, with
applications such as predictive policing, video surveillance
VIII. POSSIBLE AND FUTURE RESEARCH
analysis, forensic science, and criminal profiling presenting
Many papers have discussed the adoption of AI in both challenges and opportunities. Studies underscore the
predictive policing, focusing on person-based predictive growing recognition of the potential for AI applications. For
policing strategies. It is concerned with different levels of the benefit of law enforcement and crime management,
technological advancement effectiveness and ethical intelligence-led and predictive policing models have ample
concerns related to the adoption of AI. Most studies potential to revolutionize the system and strategies for
reviewed were on AI in policing and law enforcement. crime management in India in future[69] . As the study on
Some studies were found on AI introduction into the police predictive policing in Delhi indicated on lacking public
system in the context of Abu-Dhabi, the UK, the USA, accountability and biases of data collection [70]a study on
Finland, Australia, Jordan, and Poland. The literature here data aspects of AI-policing will help a lot in future.
focuses on AI adoption in law enforcement as well as AI adoption in policing is a promising solution for
implementation, technology development and its effect on improving crime prevention and efficiency. However, it
police performance. Therefore, for the effective use of AI requires careful management, ethical considerations, and a
technology in crime detection and upgrading of balance between efficiency and civil rights. Studies
police/security systems a complex integration is needed. connected to the management of AI- adoption in policing

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systems need detailed research and evaluation. A deep [12] T. Rademacher, "Artificial Intelligence and Law
social-technical study on AI Applications and management Enforcement," 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-
is yet to be conducted in the context of the Indian police 32361-5_10.
system. [13] S. Raaijmakers, "Artificial Intelligence for Law
Enforcement: Challenges and Opportunities," 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1109/MSEC.2019.2925649.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST [14] C. H. Huang, T. C. Chou, and S. H. Wu, "Towards
Convergence of AI and IoT for Smart Policing," Journal of
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Global Information Management, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.4018/jgim.296260.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT [15] Z. J. Goldberg, "How to Conduct an Ethics Assessment of
AI in Policing," 2022.
This paper is submitted to the Department of Business https://doi.org/10.1145/3501247.3539509.
Administration for the presentation of the term paper, as [16] J. Dworzecki and I. Nowicka, "Artificial Intelligence (AI)
partial fulfilment of PhD coursework Examination 2024. and ICT-Enhanced Solutions in the Activities of Police
The manuscript was prepared under the full guidance of Formations in Poland," 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-
Prof. Arup Barman (HoD & Supervisor). This manuscript 030-88972-2_11.
has been submitted to IJIRCST on the recommendation of [17] H. M. Harris, "Artificial Intelligence and Policing of
the supervisor and the members of the RAC committee, of Financial Crime: A Legal Analysis of the State of the Field,"
DBA, Assam University, Silchar, India. Law, Governance and Technology Series, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88036-1_12.
[18] R. P. Dempsey, J. R. Brunet, and V. Dubljević, "Exploring
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Ms Saswati Nath is presently serving as at
the designation superintendent (Training) servig
at North East Police Academy (NEPA- an
Institute under Ministry of Home Affairs, GOI),
Shillong. Prior to the service at NEPA, she
worked as the computer faculty at NEPA. She
is a trained faculty on Cyber Crimes, Cyber
Forensics and trained professional in digital
surveillance for police professionals. She is a
member of Advanced Computing Society and
Communication Society, India
She has joined to PhD program at Department
of Business Administration, Assam University,
Silchar on the issue on management of AI-
Policing in India under supervision of Prof.
Arup Barman.
Prof. Arup Barman (b.June,1972) is a
M.Com, PGDipT&D (ISTD), PhD (Mgt), Post
Doctorate (2009-2011), D.Litt (Honoris Causa,
IIU-India) is serving at department of Business
Administration, Assam University, Silchar
since Dec, 1998. Professor Barman completed
46 professional certificate and diplomas in the
areas of management, development and other
aspects of applied business technologies. He
published 265 papers of reputed journal, 28
book chapters, attended 29 international
seminar conferences. He delivered 200 Session
hours of training to researchers, Indian
administrative officers, and professionals as
resource person/trainers. He is a fellow of
World Leadership Academy (WLA) of India
and many other international organization of
repute. He is a member of many editorialand
and review board of prestigious journals.
Professor Barman’s research interest is Applied
Business Technology, HRD and Skills, Neuro
Behavioural aspects of Management. With vast
areas of knowledge, he received mutiple
national and International awards and
recognitions.

Innovative Research Publication 23