August 27, 2024

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Rules of Differentiation
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ARC1117: Module 4

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Using limits to find the derivative can be tiresome. --------------- The Constant Rule ---------------
1. If 𝑐 is an arbitrary constant, then the derivative of 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑐 is:
𝒇 𝒙 + 𝒉 − 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒇 𝒙 =𝟎
𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝐡→𝟎 𝒉 Find the derivative of the following:

From here, we are going to learn and use some basic rules of differentiation 1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 29
that are derived from the definition. For these rules, let’s assume that we
2. 𝑦 = − 7
are discussing differentiable functions.
3. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝜋 + 𝑒

The graph of 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑐 is a horizontal line with slope 0, so we would expect 𝑓′ 𝑥 = 0.

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--------------- The Power Rule --------------- --------------- The Power Rule ---------------
2. If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 is a power function, then 2. If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 is a power function, then
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒏𝒙𝒏 𝟏 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒏𝒙𝒏 𝟏
Find the derivative of the following: Find the derivative of the following:

1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 /

4. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥
2. 𝑓 𝑥 =

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--------- The Product of a Constant and a Function Rule --------- ------------ The Sum/Difference of Two Functions Rule ------------
3. If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑐 𝑢 𝑥 is a constant 𝑐 times a function 𝑢 𝑥 , then 4. If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑢(𝑥) ± 𝑣(𝑥), then
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒄 𝒖′ 𝒙 𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝒖′(𝒙) ± 𝒗′(𝒙)
Find the derivative of the following: Find the derivative of the following:

1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 10𝑥 1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 7𝑥 + 4

2. 𝑓 𝑥 =
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 7

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------------ The Sum/Difference of Two Functions Rule ------------ ------------ The Sum/Difference of Two Functions Rule ------------
4. If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑢(𝑥) ± 𝑣(𝑥), then 4. If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑢(𝑥) ± 𝑣(𝑥), then
𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝒖′(𝒙) ± 𝒗′(𝒙) 𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝒖′(𝒙) ± 𝒗′(𝒙)
Find the derivative of the following: Find the derivative of the following:
3. 𝑓 𝑥 = 3 − 7𝑥
5. 𝑓 𝑥 = + −

4. 𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 − 𝑥

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------------ The Product Rule ------------ ------------ The Quotient Rule ------------
5. If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑢 𝑥 · 𝑣 𝑥 , then 6. If 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = , then
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒖 𝒙 ·𝒗 𝒙 +𝒗 𝒙 ·𝒖 𝒙
𝒗 𝒙 ·𝒖 𝒙 −𝒖 𝒙 ·𝒗 𝒙
Find the derivative of the following: 𝒇 𝒙 =
[𝒗 𝒙 ]𝟐
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 7 3𝑥 − 4
Find the derivative of the following:

1. 𝑓 𝑥 =
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 3 2𝑥 − 5𝑥

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------------ The Quotient Rule ------------ ------------ The Rules on Trigonometric Functions ------------
The derivatives of the six basic trigonometric functions are:
6. If 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = , then 𝒅 𝒅
1. (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 ) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 4. (𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒙 ) = −𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙
𝒗 𝒙 ·𝒖 𝒙 −𝒖 𝒙 ·𝒗 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒇 𝒙 = 2.
𝒅
(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 ) = −𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 5.
𝒅
(𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 ) = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
[𝒗 𝒙 ]𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
Find the derivative of the following: 𝒅 𝒅
3. (𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 )= 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙 6. (𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙 ) = −𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝟐 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

2. 𝑓 𝑥 = Examples:
1. Find 𝑦′ if 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥

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------------ The Rules on Trigonometric Functions ------------ ------------ The Rules on Exponential Functions ------------
2. Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 The derivatives of exponential functions are:
𝒅
1. 𝒂𝒙 = 𝒂𝒙 𝐥𝐧 𝒂
𝒅𝒙
𝒅
2. 𝒆𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 𝐥𝐧 𝒆 = 𝒆𝒙
𝒅𝒙
3. If 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4 sin 𝑥 , find the slope of the curve when 𝑥 = 2 radians.
Find the derivative of the following:
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑒 − 8𝑥 + 2 + 14

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑒 + 𝑥 − 3𝑒

4. Find 𝑦′ if 𝑦 = tan 𝑥
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------------ The Rules on Exponential Functions ------------ ------------ The Rules on Logarithmic Functions ------------
The derivatives of exponential functions are: The derivatives of logarithmic functions are:
𝒅 𝒅 𝟏
1. 𝒂𝒙 = 𝒂𝒙 𝐥𝐧 𝒂 1. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒙 =
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝐥𝐧 𝒃

𝒅 𝒅 𝟏 𝟏
2. 𝒆𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 𝐥𝐧 𝒆 = 𝒆𝒙 2. 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 = =
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝐥𝐧 𝒆 𝒙
Find the derivative of the following: Find the derivative of the following:
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 − 4𝑒 1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 10𝑥 − 100 ln 𝑥

4. 𝑓(𝑥) = −7𝑥 − 2𝑒 + 𝑒 2. 𝑓(𝑥) = ln 𝑥 +𝑒 − ln 𝑒

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------------ The Rules on Logarithmic Functions ------------

The derivatives of logarithmic functions are:
𝒅 𝟏
1. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒙 =
𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝐥𝐧 𝒃

𝒅 𝟏 𝟏
2.
END OF LECTURE
𝐥𝐧 𝒙 = =
𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝐥𝐧 𝒆 𝒙
Find the derivative of the following:
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = log 𝑥 − 6 log 𝑥
QUESTIONS?

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