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Introduction To Vectors

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15 views16 pages

Introduction To Vectors

Uploaded by

Keith Aubrey Bidal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VECTORS

Fundamental Property of Vectors


Scalar and Vector Quantities

Scalar – a quantity that has magnitude only.


Vector – a quantity that possesses magnitude and direction.

Notation:
Force Vector: F
Scalar: |F| or F
Vectors as Directed Line Segments
• Any vector 𝐴Ԧ can be represented geometrically as a directed line
segment (an arrow), as shown in the figure below. The magnitude of
𝐴Ԧ is denoted by |A| or A, and the direction of 𝐴Ԧ is specified by the
sense of the arrow and the angle θ that it makes with a fixed
reference line. Length of arrow should be proportional to the
magnitude of the vector.
Equality of Vectors
• Two vectors A and B are said to be equal if:
1. They have the same magnitude.
2. They have the same direction
Scalar-Vector Multiplication

If a vector is multiplied by a positive


scalar, its magnitude is increased by that
amount. Multiplying by a negative scalar
will also change the directionalsense of
the vector.
Addition of Vectors
The Parallelogram and Triangle Law for Addition of Vectors
Subtraction of Vectors
Finding the Resultant Force
The two component forces F1 and F2 acting on the pin
can be added together to form the resultant force FR = F1
+ F2
Finding the Components of a Force
• If a force F is to be resolved into components along two axes
u and v, then start at the head of force F and construct lines
parallel to the axes, thereby forming the parallelogram. The
sides of the parallelogram represent the components, Fu and
Fv.
Addition of Several Forces
• If more than two forces are to be added, successive
applications of the parallelogram law can be carried out in
order to obtain the resultant force.
Sine and Cosine Law
Sample Problem
• If 𝜃 = 30°, and T=6kN , determine the magnitude of the resultant
force acting on the eyebolt and its direction measured clockwise from
the positive x axis

Answer:
Resultant = 8.67kN
𝜃 = 3.05°
Sample Problem
Determine the magnitude of the
resultant force and its direction
measured counterclockwise from the
positive x-axis.

Answer:
721 N, 43.9 degrees counter
clockwise from positive x-axis
Sample Problem

• Resolve the horizontal 600-lb force


into components acting along the u
and v axes and determine the
magnitudes of these components.

Answer:
Fu = 1039 lb
Fv = 600 lb
Sample Problem
Determine the magnitude of the
component force F and the
magnitude of the resultant force FR
if FR is directed along the positive y
axis.

Answer:
F = 245 lb
FR = 273 lb
Sample Problem
Determine the magnitude and
direction of the resultant force,
FR measured
counterclockwise from the
positive x axis. Solve the
problem by first finding the
resultant F’ = F1 + F2 and then
forming FR = F’ + F3.

Answer:
FR = 257 N, φ = 163°

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