NCM104A - COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1

INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILY

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PRESENTED BY MILAFLOR P. MAAGAD RN, OHN

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Apply Knowledge of;

a) physical
b) social
c) natural
d) health sciences
e) and humanities in the care of individual and family in the
community setting.
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• Integrate relevant principles of social,

physical, natural and health sciences and
humanities in a given health and nursing
situation.
• Discuss appropriate community health
nursing and actions holistically and
comprehensively.
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A framework for Community and Public Health Nursing in the present

times, the world is faced with immense challenges for health. The human
population is confronted with challenges such as the compounding
sequence of global change, and the indivisible link of humans, domestic
animals, livestock and wildlife and their social environment and
ecosystem.
(ZINSSTAG ET AL., 2011)
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• Global Health - as an area of study, research and practice that places a

priority in improving health and achieving health equity for all people
worldwide.

What are some global issues? By WHO – Global situation

-HIV/AIDS Corona virus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic
-Malaria Number at a glance: last updated:
-Zika September 13, 2020
-Tuberculosis Confirmed cases: 28 584 158 cases
-Global Warming Confirmed deaths: 916 955 deaths
-COVID-19 Countries: Areas or territories with cases:
216 countries
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Global Health Situations and Trends (1955-2025)

-Global Population (1995)– 2.8 billion
-Present Population – 5.8 billion
-(Expected) Population by 2025 – 8 billion

Life Expectancy
Average life expectancy in 1955 – 43 y.o.
Average life expectancy in 1995 – 65 y.o.
Average life expectancy by 2025 – 73 y.o.

PRESENTED BY MILAFLOR P. MAAGAD RN, OHN

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Leading Cause of Global Deaths:

Total Deaths in 1997 – 52.2 million
17.3 million is due to 16.2 million is due to
1) infectious and parasitic diseases 3) cancer
- acute lower respiratory infection - Lungs
- Tuberculosis - Stomach
- Diarrhea - Colon and Rectum
- HIV/AIDS - Liver
- Malaria - Breast
15.3 million is due to
2) circulatory diseases
- Coronary Heart Disease
- Cerebrovascular Disease
- Other heart diseases
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Health of Older Adult

Cancer and heart disease are more related to 70-75 age group
People over 75 become more prone to impairments of:
-Hearing
-Vision
-Mobility
-Mental Function

Philippines Health Situation

Vision by 2030 (Dream of DOH)
A Global Leader for attaining better health outcomes, competitiveness and
responsive health care systems, and equitable health financing.
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Philippines: Health Situation Snapshot (as of 25 October 2019 – DOH)

-Dengue
-Diphtheria
-Measles
-Polio

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the Philippines - 2020

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a
new strain of coronavirus. The outbreak begun:
In Wuhan, China on December 2019
First case in the Philippines on January 30, 2020
First case of local transmission (PH) on March 7, 2020
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• 2008 (Jones, et. al,) reported the appearance of 335 infectious diseases
among human population between 1940 and 2004.
• 2014 (Petrosillo, 2019) Ebola virus was first detected in 1976 and had an
extensive epidemic in West Africa.
• 2016 Case fatality reached up to 39.5% and 11, 310 reported deaths up to
the end of the epidemic.
• 2018 (Petrosillo, 2019) emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) in numerous
instances, these infectious agents have a wildlife origin.
• a) Nipah Virus in Malaysia
• b) SARS in Guangdong, China including COVID -19 from Hubei Province,
China
• During the 86th General Sessioon Of the World Organization for Animal
Health, the 3 Zoonoses of particular aptness for human health were
identified. These are the 1) Avian Influenza in birds 2) Rabies and 3)
Bovine Tuberculosis. These diseases are transmitted to humans from
animals.
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Health defines as a “State of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
(WHO)
The modern concept of Health refers to optimum level of individuals, families and communities.

“Science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed
choices of society, organizations, public and private communities, and individuals.” (Dr. C. E. Winslow)

Refers to the “Health status of the members of the community, to the problems affecting their health and to the totality of health
care provided to the community.” (WHO, 1971)

PRESENTED BY MILAFLOR P. MAAGAD RN, OHN

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Health defines as a “State of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
(WHO)
The modern concept of Health refers to optimum level of individuals, families and communities.

“Science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort for the
sanitation of the environment, control of communicable diseases, the education of individuals in in personal hygiene, the organization of
medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and the development of the social machinery to
insure everyone a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health, so organizing these benefits as to enable every citizen to
realize his birthright of health and longevity.” (Dr. C. E. Winslow)

“Special field of Nursing that combines the skills of nursing, public health and some phases of social assistance and functions as a part of
the total public health programme for the promotion of health, the improvement of the conditions in the social and physical environment,
rehabilitation of illness and disability.”
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Applies theoretical concepts as basis Gathers comprehensive, accurate Analyzes collected data to
for decisions in practice data systematically determine the needs/ health
problems of IFC

At each level of prevention, Guided by the plan, intervenes to Evaluates responses of clients to
develops plans that specify nursing promote, maintain or restore interventions to note progress
actions unique to needs of clients health, prevent illness and toward goal achievement, revise
institute rehabilitation data base, diagnoses and plan
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Collaborates with other members of Indulges in research to contribute

• Participates in peer review and other means of the health team, professionals and to theory and practice in
evaluation to assure quality of nursing practice community representatives in community health nursing
• Assumes professional development assessing, planning, implementing and
• Contributes to development of others evaluating programs for community
health
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• 1901 - Act No. 157 of the Phil. Commission created a Board of health of the Phils
• 1905 - Act No. 1407 (Reorganizational Act) abolished the Board of health and its function and were taken over
by the Bureau of Health under the Dept. of Interior
• 1906 - District Health Offices headed by District Health Officers had jurisdiction over health districts.
• 1912 - The Fajardo Act (Act No. 2156) created Sanitary Division.
• 1914 - School Nursing was rendered by a Filipino Nurse employed by the Bureau of Health in Tacloban, Leyte.
• 1915 - The Bureau of Health was renamec Phil. Health Service
• 1916-1918 - Miss Perlita Clark took charge of the Public Health Nursing work.
• 1917 - 4 graduate nurses paid by the City of manila were employed to work in the City Schools.
• 1918 - The office of Miss Clark was abolished due to lack of funds
• 1919 - Miss Carmen Del Rosario was appointed as the first Filipino nurse supervisor under the Bureau of health
• 1923 - 2 government school of Nursing were established, Zamboanga General School of Nursing, Baguio
General Hospital
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• 1926 - Miss Carmen Leogardo resigned & Miss Genara Manongdo, a ranking supervisor of the American Red
Cross. Phil. Chapter was appointed in her place.
• 1927 - Office of District Nursing under the Office of General Inspection, Phil. Health Service was abolished and
supplanted by the Section of Public Health Nursing.
• 1928 - First convention of Nurses was held followed by yearly convention until advent of WWII
• 1930 - Section of Public Health Nursing was converted into Section of Nursing due to pressing need for
guidance not only in public nursing services but also in hospital nursing and nursing education.
• 1933 - Reorganizatio Act No. 4007 transferred the Division of Maternal and Child Health of the Office of Public
Welfare Commission to the Bureau of Health.
• 1940 - The Manila Health Department was created by virtue of the new charter of the City of Manila
• 1941 - Activities and personnel including 6 public health members of the Metropolitan Division, Bureau of
Health were transferred to the new department.
• Dec. 8, 1941 - At the outbreak of WWII, public health nurses in Manila were assigned to devastated areas to
attend to the sick and wounded.
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• June 1942 - A group of public health nurses with physicians and administrators of the Manila Health Dept., went to the
internment camp in Capas, Tarlac to receive sick prisoners of war released by the Japanese army.
• Feb. 1946 - Post war records of the Bureau of Health showed that there were 308 PHNs and 38 supervisors
• Oct. 7, 1947 - Executive Order No. 94 reorganized government offices and created the Division of Nursing under the
office of the Secretary of Health.
• 1948 - The first training center of the Bureau of Health was organized.
• 1950 - Organization of Rural Health Demonstration and training Center by the Department of Health
• 1953 - Creation of the office of Health Education and personnel training
• 1957 - Approval of Republic Act 1891 which amended Sections 2, 3, 4, 7, and 8 of R.A. 1082 “Strengthening Health and
Dental Services in the Rural Areas and Providing Funds Thereto”.
• 1958-1965 - Implementation of Republic Act 977 which was passed by Congress in 1954 abolished the Division of
Nursing
• 1967 - In the Bureau of Disease Control, Mrs. Zenaida Nisce was appointed as Nursing Program Supervisor and served
as consultant on the Nursing aspects of the 6 special diseases/condition - TB, Leprosy, Cancer, Filariasis, Mental Health,
and VD (Venereal Disease) STDs.
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• 1974 - The Project Management Staff was organized as part of Population Loan II of the Phils. Government
• 1975 - As a result of the restructuring of the health care delivery system based on findings of Operation
research (WHO Assisted) conducted in the province of Rizal in the early 70's
• 1976-1986 - The nursing consultant and nursing program supervisor, office of the secretary of health were
involved in the rural health practice program
• 1986 - Reorganizing of the Department of Health which placed the pposition of Nursing Consultant at the
Bureau of Health and Medical Services
• 1987-1989 - Executive order No.119 reorganized the Department of Health snd created several offices and
services within the Department of Health.
• 1990-1992 - The number of positions of Nursing Program Supervisors (Nurse VI) were increased as there were
3 or more appointed in the service
• 1990-1992 - The Local Government Code of 1991 (R.A. 7160) was passed and implemented. It was aimed to
build the capabilities for self-government and develop as self-reliant communities
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• 1993-1998 - The National League of Nurses, Inc., an organization of government nurses as members through
its officers
• January 1999 - Department Order No.29 designated Mrs. Nelia Hizon, Nurse VI as Nursing Adviser
• May 24, 1999 - Executive Order No.102 was signed by President Joseph Estrada, redirecting the functions and
operations of the Department of Health
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• Identifies needs, priorities, and problems of individuals, • Provides direct nursing care to sick or disabled in the home,
families, and communities clinic, school, or workplace
• Formulates municipal health plan in the absence of a medical • Develops the family’s capability to take care of the sick,
doctor disabled, or dependent member
• Interprets and implements nursing plan, program policies,
memoranda, and circular for the concerned staff personnel
• Provides technical assistance to rural health midwives in health
matters like target setting, etc.

• Motivates and enhances community participation in terms of

planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating health
services
• Provides good example of healthful living to the members of • Initiates and participates in community development activities
the community
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• Identifies and interprets training needs of the RHMs, Barangay Health Workers
(BHW), and hilots
• Coordinates with individuals, families, and groups for health • Conducts training for RHMs and hilots on promotion and disease prevention
related services provided by various members of the health team • Conducts pre and post-consultation conferences for clinic clients; acts as a
• Coordinates nursing program with other health programs like resource speaker on health and health related services
environmental sanitation, health education, dental health, and • Initiates the use of tri-media (radio/TV, cinema plugs, and print ads) for health
mental health education purposes
• Conducts pre-marital counseling

• Motivates changes in health behavior in individuals,

• Detects deviation from health of individuals, families, groups, and communities
families, groups, and communities that also include lifestyle
through contacts/visits with them
in order to promote and maintain health
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• Prepares and submits required reports and records • Formulates individual, family, group and community
• Maintain adequate, accurate, and complete recording and centered care plan
reporting • Interprets and implements program policies, memoranda
• Reviews, validates, consolidates, analyzes, and interprets all and circulars
records and reports • Organizes work force, resources, equipment and supplies
• Prepares statistical data/chart and other data presentation and delivery of Health care at Local levels
• Requisitions, allocates, distributes materials (medicine and
medical supplies, records and reports equipment)

• Participates in the conduct of survey studies and researches

on nursing and health-related subjects
• Coordinates with government and non-government
organization in the implementation of studies/research
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PRESENTED BY MILAFLOR P. MAAGAD RN, OHN

PRESENTED BY MILAFLOR P. MAAGAD RN, OHN