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Exception Handling

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Hung Nguyen Vo Khac
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23 views

Exception Handling

Uploaded by

Hung Nguyen Vo Khac
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exception Handling

Exception handling is a crucial aspect of programming in Python, providing a


mechanism to gracefully manage errors and unexpected behavior during runtime. By
utilizing try, except, and finally clauses, developers can write robust code that minimizes
the impact of errors on the application's performance.

The try and except Blocks


The try block is used to wrap the code that may potentially raise an exception. If an
exception occurs within this block, the flow of execution is immediately transferred to the
except block, where the error can be handled. Here’s a simple example:
try:
result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("You cannot divide by zero!")

In this case, attempting to divide by zero raises a ZeroDivisionError, which is caught by


the except block, allowing the program to continue running without crashing.

Multiple Exceptions
Python allows handling multiple exceptions in a single except block by specifying a tuple
of exception types:
try:
value = int(input("Enter a number: "))
result = 10 / value
except (ValueError, ZeroDivisionError) as e:
print(f"An error occurred: {e}")

Here, both ValueError (from invalid input) and ZeroDivisionError are handled, providing a
more user-friendly experience.

The finally Clause


The finally clause is used to execute code that should run regardless of whether an
exception occurred or not. This is particularly useful for cleanup actions, such as closing
files or releasing resources:
try:
file = open("data.txt", "r")
content = file.read()
except FileNotFoundError:
print("File not found.")
finally:
if 'file' in locals():
file.close()
In this scenario, the file is ensured to be closed, regardless of whether the file was
successfully opened or an exception was raised.

Common Exceptions
Some common exceptions in Python include:
• TypeError: Raised when an operation or function is applied to an object of
inappropriate type.
• IndexError: Raised when trying to access an index that is out of range for a list
or tuple.
• KeyError: Raised when trying to access a dictionary with a key that does not
exist.

Best Practices
1. Be Specific: Catch specific exceptions instead of a general Exception, which can
obscure the source of errors.
2. Use Finally for Cleanup: Always use the finally clause for cleanup tasks to
ensure resources are properly released.
3. Log Exceptions: Implement logging to keep track of exceptions that occur,
aiding in debugging and maintenance.
By implementing effective exception handling, Python developers can create more
resilient applications, reducing the likelihood of crashes and enhancing user experience.

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