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CURRENT ELECTRICITY SOLUTIONS
A wire of resistance 20 Ω is bent to form a square. Find the equivalent resistance between two opposite
corners of the square.
Answer: 10 Ω (Each side of the square has a resistance of 5 Ω, and the equivalent resistance between two
opposite corners is 10 Ω).
In a circuit, two resistors of 10 Ω and 20 Ω are connected in parallel and then in series with a 5 Ω resistor.
Calculate the total resistance.
Answer: 10 Ω (The equivalent resistance of 10 Ω and 20 Ω in parallel is 6.67 Ω, and adding the 5 Ω in series
gives 11.67 Ω).
A 10 V battery is connected across a 5 Ω resistor. What is the current flowing through the resistor?
Answer: 2 A (Using Ohm's Law: I=RV=5Ω10V=2A).
A potentiometer wire has a length of 1 m and a resistance of 4 Ω. Find the potential gradient if a 2 V cell is
connected across the potentiometer.
Answer: 0.5 V/m (Potential gradient = LV=1m2V=2V/m).
A wire has a resistance of 9 Ω. It is stretched to double its length. What will be the new resistance?
Answer: 36 Ω (When a wire is stretched to double its length, its resistance increases by a factor of four).
Calculate the current passing through a 2 Ω resistor if a potential difference of 12 V is applied.
Answer: 6 A (Using Ohm's Law: I=RV=2Ω12V=6A).
Find the power dissipated in a 4 Ω resistor when a current of 3 A flows through it.
Answer: 36 W (Using the formula P=I2R=32×4=36W).
A cell of EMF 5 V and internal resistance 0.5 Ω is connected to an external resistance of 9.5 Ω. What is the
current in the circuit?
Answer: 0.5 A (Total resistance Rtotal=0.5+9.5=10Ω; I=10Ω5V=0.5A).
In a Wheatstone bridge, if the resistances in the ratio arms are 3 Ω and 5 Ω, what should be the resistance of
the unknown resistor if the bridge is balanced and the fourth resistor is 10 Ω?
Answer: 6 Ω (Using the balance condition 53=R10, solving gives R=6Ω).
Two resistors of resistance 2 Ω and 3 Ω are connected in series. Find the current if a 10 V battery is connected
across the combination.
Answer: 2 A (Total resistance Rtotal=2+3=5Ω; I=5Ω10V=2A).
In a galvanometer, the current required for full-scale deflection is 2 mA. If the galvanometer has a resistance
of 50 Ω, find the shunt resistance required to convert it into an ammeter of range 1 A.
Answer: 0.025 Ω (Using the formula for shunt resistance Rs=I−IgRg⋅Ig=1−0.00250⋅0.002≈0.025Ω).
A heater coil has a resistance of 30 Ω and is connected to a 120 V power supply. Calculate the heat produced
in 10 seconds.
Answer: 480 J (Using P=RV2=301202=480W; Heat H=P⋅t=480W⋅10s=4800J).
Calculate the drift velocity of electrons in a copper wire of cross-sectional area 10−6m2 when a current of 5 A
flows through it. The number density of electrons is 8.5×1028m−3.
Answer: 1.18×10−4m/s (Using I=n⋅A⋅e⋅vd, where e is the charge of an electron (1.6×10−19C)).
A capacitor of 5 μF is charged by a 12 V battery and then connected to a resistor of 2 MΩ. Find the time
constant of the circuit.
Answer: 10 s (Time constant τ=R⋅C=2×106⋅5×10−6=10s).
The resistance of a conductor increases by 20% when its temperature is raised from 27°C to 127°C. Calculate
the temperature coefficient of resistance of the material.
Answer: 0.004°C−1 (Using the formula α=ΔTΔR/R0=1000.2=0.002°C−1).
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The resistance of a conductor increases by 20% when its temperature is raised from 27°C to 127°C. Calculate
the temperature coefficient of resistance of the material.
Answer: 0.004°C−1 (Using the formula α=ΔTΔR/R0=1000.2=0.002°C−1).
A current of 2 A flows through a conductor when a potential difference of 6 V is applied. What is the
resistance of the conductor?
Answer: 3 Ω
Explanation: Using Ohm's Law, V=I⋅R. Rearranging gives R=IV=2A6V=3Ω.
If the current through a conductor doubles, how does the power dissipated in the conductor change?
Answer: Quadruples
Explanation: Power P is given by P=I2R. If the current doubles (from I to 2I), the new power becomes P′=
(2I)2R=4I2R=4P. Thus, the power quadruples.
Two resistors, 4 Ω and 6 Ω, are connected in series and a voltage of 20 V is applied. What is the power
dissipated in the 6 Ω resistor?
Answer: 12 W
Explanation: Total resistance Rtotal=4Ω+6Ω=10Ω. The total current I=RtotalV=10Ω20V=2A. The power in the 6
Ω resistor is P=I2R=(2A)2⋅6Ω=4⋅6=24W.
A 60 W bulb is connected to a 120 V supply. What is the resistance of the bulb?
Answer: 240 Ω
Explanation: Power P=V2/R can be rearranged to find resistance: R=PV2=60W(120V)2=6014400=240Ω.
Which of the following is true for a parallel circuit?
Answer: The voltage is the same across all resistors
Explanation: In a parallel circuit, all components share the same voltage across them, while the total current is
the sum of the currents through each branch.
A wire has a resistance of 8 Ω. If its length is doubled, what will be its new resistance?
Answer: 16 Ω
Explanation: Resistance R is proportional to length L. If the length is doubled, the resistance also doubles:
Rnew=2R=2⋅8Ω=16Ω.
The internal resistance of a cell decreases with:
Answer: Increase in temperature
Explanation: Generally, the internal resistance of a cell decreases with an increase in temperature due to
increased mobility of charge carriers.
A copper wire of length 2 m and cross-sectional area 1 mm² has a resistance of 0.34 Ω. What will be the
resistance of a wire of the same material with length 4 m and cross-sectional area 2 mm²?
Answer: 0.17 Ω
Explanation: Resistance R is given by R=ρAL. If the length is doubled (4 m) and the area is doubled (2 mm²), the
new resistance is Rnew=ρ24=0.17Ω.
In a series circuit, which of the following remains constant across all components?
Answer: Current
Explanation: In a series circuit, the same current flows through all components, while the voltage across each
component can vary.
The resistivity of a material depends on:
Answer: Temperature and material
Explanation: Resistivity is a property of the material itself and varies with temperature. It does not depend on
the length or cross-sectional area of the material.
In an electric circuit, the potential difference across the ends of a resistor is 10 V and the current passing
through it is 5 A. What is the resistance?
Answer: 2 Ω
Explanation: Using Ohm's Law R=IV=5A10V=2Ω.
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The power dissipated in a resistor of resistance 10 Ω when a current of 3 A flows through it is:
Answer: 90 W
Explanation: Power P=I2R=(3A)2⋅10Ω=9⋅10=90W.
Which law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential
difference across its ends, provided the temperature remains constant?
Answer: Ohm's Law
Explanation: Ohm's Law states that V=I⋅R, indicating that current is directly proportional to voltage for a given
resistance.
The SI unit of electric resistivity is:
Answer: Ohm-meter
Explanation: The unit of resistivity is defined as ohm-meter (Ω·m), which describes how strongly a material
opposes the flow of electric current.
The energy dissipated in the form of heat in a resistor when a current 'I' flows through it for a time 't' is given
by:
Answer: H = I²Rt
Explanation: The energy (heat) dissipated in a resistor is calculated using the formula H=I2Rt, where H is the
heat energy, I is the current, R is the resistance, and t is the time.
The total current supplied by the battery in a parallel combination of resistors is equal to:
Answer: The sum of the currents through each resistor
Explanation: In a parallel circuit, the total current from the battery is the sum of the currents flowing through
each parallel branch. This is due to the fact that each branch has the same voltage across it.
The electric power consumed in a circuit is given by:
Answer: V²/R
Explanation: The power consumed in an electric circuit can be expressed as P=RV2, where V is the voltage
across the resistor and R is the resistance. This formula is derived from Ohm's Law and the definition of
power.
A wire of resistance R is stretched to double its length. What will be the new resistance?
Answer: 4R
Explanation: When a wire is stretched to double its length, its cross-sectional area decreases, which increases
its resistance. The new resistance can be calculated as Rnew=4R because resistance is proportional to length
and inversely proportional to area. If the length is doubled, the area is halved, leading to Rnew=R⋅AnewLnew
=R⋅2A2L=4R.
A resistor of 8 Ω is connected in parallel with a 4 Ω resistor. The equivalent resistance is:
Answer: 2.67 Ω
Explanation: The formula for equivalent resistance Reqin parallel is given by Req1=R11+R21. Thus, Req1=81
+41=81+82=83. Therefore, Req=38≈2.67Ω.
Which instrument is used to measure current in a circuit?
Answer: Ammeter
Explanation: An ammeter is specifically designed to measure the current flowing through a circuit. It is
connected in series with the circuit components to measure the current accurately.
Consider a current-carrying wire (current I) in the shape of a circle. Note that as the current progresses along
the wire, the direction of j (current density) changes in an exact manner, while the current I remains
unaffected. The agent that is essentially responsible for this is:
Answer: The charges just behind a given segment of wire which push them just the right way by repulsion.
Explanation: In a circular current-carrying wire, the charges (electrons) behind a segment of the wire exert a
repulsive force on the charges in front, maintaining the flow of current while changing direction.
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A resistance R is to be measured using a meter bridge. A student chooses the standard resistance S to be
100Ω. He finds the null point at l1 = 2.9 cm. He is told to attempt to improve the accuracy. Which of the
following is a useful way?
Answer: He should measure l1 more accurately.
Explanation: To improve accuracy in measuring resistance using a meter bridge, it is crucial to measure the
null point (l1) as accurately as possible. This can be done by using a more precise measuring instrument or
technique.
The internal resistance of a cell decreases with:
Answer: Increase in temperature
Explanation: The internal resistance of a cell typically decreases with an increase in temperature due to the
increased mobility of charge carriers within the electrolyte.
A copper wire of length 2 m and cross-sectional area 1 mm² has a resistance of 0.34 Ω. What will be the
resistance of a wire of the same material with length 4 m and cross-sectional area 2 mm²?
Answer: 0.17 Ω
Explanation: The resistance R is given by R=ρAL. If the length is doubled (4 m) and the area is doubled (2 mm²),
the new resistance is Rnew=ρ24=0.17Ω.
In a series circuit, which of the following remains constant across all components?
Answer: Current
Explanation: In a series circuit, the same current flows through all components, while the voltage across each
component can vary.
The resistivity of a material depends on:
Answer: Temperature and material
Explanation: Resistivity is a property of the material itself and varies with temperature. It does not depend on
the length or cross-sectional area of the material.
In an electric circuit, the potential difference across the ends of a resistor is 10 V and the current passing
through it is 5 A. What is the resistance?
Answer: 2 Ω
Explanation: Using Ohm's Law R=IV=5A10V=2Ω.
The power dissipated in a resistor of resistance 10 Ω when a current of 3 A flows through it is:
Answer: 90 W
Explanation: Power P=I2R=(3A)2⋅10Ω=9⋅10=90W.
Which law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential
difference across its ends, provided the temperature remains constant?
Answer: Ohm's Law
Explanation: Ohm's Law states that V=I⋅R, indicating that current is directly proportional to voltage for a given
resistance.
The SI unit of electric resistivity is:
Answer: Ohm-meter
Explanation: The unit of resistivity is defined as ohm-meter (Ω·m), which describes how strongly a material
opposes the flow of electric current.
The energy dissipated in the form of heat in a resistor when a current 'I' flows through it for a time 't' is given
by:
Answer: H = I²Rt
Explanation: The energy (heat) dissipated in a resistor is calculated using the formula H=I2Rt, where H is the
heat energy, I is the current, R is the resistance, and t is the time.
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The efficiency of a cell when connected to a resistance R is 60%. What will be its efficiency if the external
resistance is increased to six times?
Answer: 90%
Explanation: The efficiency of a cell increases with the load resistance. If the external resistance is increased,
the efficiency approaches 100% as the load resistance becomes much larger than the internal resistance.
If 2 bulbs rated 2.5 W – 110 V and 100 W – 110 V are connected in series to a 220 V supply then:
Answer: Both will fuse
Explanation: When connected in series, the voltage across each bulb will be divided. However, the total
voltage exceeds the rated voltage of both bulbs, leading to excessive current and causing both bulbs to fuse.
Three equal resistors connected in series across a source of emf together dissipate 10 watts of power. What
would be the power dissipated if the same resistors are connected in parallel across the same source?
Answer: 30 watts
Explanation: In series, the power is given by P=RtotalV2. In parallel, the equivalent resistance is Req=3R(for
three equal resistors). The power in parallel is Pparallel=ReqV2=3⋅Pseries=3⋅10W=30W.
A heater coil has a resistance of 30 Ω and is connected to a 120 V power supply. Calculate the heat produced
in 10 seconds.
Answer: Heat produced = 4800 J
Explanation: The power P is given by P=RV2=30Ω(120V)2=480W. The heat produced in time t is
H=P⋅t=480W⋅10s=4800J.
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