IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL FILTERS USING FPGA ABSTRACT

Filter as the name indicates removes unwanted components of a signal. Filters are used for extraction of desired signal from noisy signal which consist of unwanted disturbances. Filters can be broadly described as a signal selection system. In the digital era, the digital filter, which has attracted people s broad attention more and more, has been widely applied to communication, voice, image, automatic control, radar, aerospace, medicine and so on. As compared to analog filters, digital filters are having higher precision, better stability and reliability. Digital Filters do not have matching problems. Digital filters represent time division multiplexing which can complete some filtering tasks that a number of analog filters are incapable of doing. We can achieve digital filters by hardware circuits. Also we have an alternative approach as computer software programming. There are two types of digital filters - Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter. Speaking from the realization, IIR adopts recursive structure and uses the rational fraction which is equal to the ratio of two polynomials approximate to the frequency character, so it is able to get better frequency selection characters by use of less order. But it is gained at the cost of the non-linear phase characters. At the same time, the existence of feedback slip requires the higher system stability and easily causes oscillation. Compared with IIR, the FIR filter is capable of meeting the strict requirements of the amplitude and phase characters, avoiding the drift and noise (which is generated by the IIR filter) is easily achieved by hardware and has the precise linear-phase and high system stability. In recent years, with the rapid development of the Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) technology, FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) has been widely applied because of its reprogramability, reconfigurability, low-cost, high logic density and high reliability. FPGA, the structured internal logic array and rich connection resources, particularly can be useful to the digital signal processing. FPGA is a programmable logic device which is having user programmable features. This actually can minimize system design risk and maintenance and shorten the design cycle. To enhance system speed and reducing implementation complexity, a lot of work has been done in the process of achieving digital signal processing by use of the

FPGA.FIR algorithm can use the software to achieve this in the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) or Central Processing Unit (CPU), but in a number of systems demanding high real-time, because of the ordinal implementation of the procedures, the software based on real-time often cannot meet the requirements. So it must use hardware to achieve high speed. Now FPGA becomes a good choice. This project describes an approach to the implementation of digital filter algorithms based on FPGAs. The advantages of the FPGA approach to digital filter implementation include higher sampling rates than are available from traditional DSP chips, lower costs than as ASIC for moderate volume applications, and more flexibility than the alternate approaches. Since many current FPGA architectures are in-system programmable, the configuration of the device may be changed to implement different functionality if required. It can be illustrated that the FPGA approach is both flexible and provides performance comparable or superior to traditional approaches.