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9B Q2 L4 LÝ THUYẾT RELATIVE CLAUSE II (GV+HS)

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Mai Quang Huy
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15 views2 pages

9B Q2 L4 LÝ THUYẾT RELATIVE CLAUSE II (GV+HS)

Uploaded by

Mai Quang Huy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Trung tâm Ngoại ngữ NP Education

Trụ sở: 28N7A dãy 2 đường Nguyễn Thị Thập,


Q. Thanh Xuân, Hà Nội.
Hotline: 086 830 0770

Q2 - LESSON 4 Student’s name: ………………………………………………... Class: 9…

PHIẾU LÝ THUYẾT NGỮ PHÁP


REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES

A relative clause can sometimes be shortened by omitting the relative pronoun (who/which/that…) and
is/are/was/were… and using a participle (-ing and –ed forms). We call that a reduced relative clause.
Reduced relative clauses are an efficient way of giving more information about a noun.
Relative clause Reduced relative clause

Passengers who travel without a valid ticket will Passengers travelling without a valid ticket will
receive a fine. receive a fine.
Metro police will remove and destroy any bags Metro police will remove and destroy any bags left
which are left unattended. unattended.

● We use a present participle (-ing form) in place of an active verb and a past participle (-ed form) in
place of a passive verb.
E.g. There are two students who are waiting outside. (active verb)
→ There are two students waiting outside. (present participle)
The strawberries which had been dipped in chocolate were really delicious! (passive verb)
→ The strawberries dipped in chocolate were really delicious! (past participle)

- We CAN ONLY use participles in this way when the subject of the main clause and the relative
clause is the same.
E.g. The house [which was destroyed completely in the fire] [has now been rebuilt]. (passive verb)
→ The house [destroyed completely in the fire] [has now been rebuilt]. (past participle)

BUT: The house [which the fire completely destroyed] [has now been rebuilt]. (active verb)
→ NOT: The house (the fire) completely destroying has now been rebuilt.

- We put ‘not’ before the participle in negative reduced relative clauses.


E.g. My parents, not having much money, never went on holiday. (= ‘who didn’t have’)
I’d prefer shirts not made with polyester if you have any. (= which aren’t made)

TRUNG TÂM NGOẠI NGỮ NP EDUCATION


Trụ sở: 28N7A dãy 2 đường Nguyễn Thị Thập, Q. Thanh Xuân, Hà Nội.
Hotline: 086 830 0770 1
● We can use some adjectives and adjective phrases after nouns in a way that is similar to reduced
relative clauses.
E.g. There was one seat available on the flight. (= one seat which was available)
Mercury is a metal, silver in colour, often found in liquid form. (= which is silver in colour)

❖ Note:
● We usually use an infinitive (to Verb), not a participle, in the cases below:
- The only…
- Superlative…
- The first/second/last/next…
E.g. John is the only person to understand me.
Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon.
Tom is the most handsome boy to come to this school.

TRUNG TÂM NGOẠI NGỮ NP EDUCATION


Trụ sở: 28N7A dãy 2 đường Nguyễn Thị Thập, Q. Thanh Xuân, Hà Nội.
Hotline: 086 830 0770 2

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