DRUGS clandestine laboratories which

- Any chemically active substance include those drugs that are

rendering a specific effect on the controlled by law because they are
central nervous system of man. used in medical practice.

- A chemical substance that affects FORMS OF DRUGS

the functions of living cells and
alters body or mind processes when PRESCRIPTIVE DRUGS- They are
taken into the body or applied prescribed by the physician according to the
through the skin. individual age, weight and height and should
not be taken by anyone else.
- Is a chemical substance that brings
about physical, emotional or OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUGS (OTC)-
behavioral change in a person taking Drugs that are non-prescription medicines,
it. which may be purchased from any pharmacy
or drugstore without written authorization
- Any chemical substance, other from a doctor. OTC drugs are used or the
than food, which is intended for used prevention and symptomatic relief of minor
in the diagnosis, treatment, cure, ailments.
mitigation or prevention of disease or
symptoms. DANGEROUS DRUGS- Drugs that are
unsafe and can cause harm to the user and is
- The term drug derives from the prohibited by the state.
14th century French word drogue,
which means a dry substance.
DRUG ABUSE
When are drugs harmful? - Is the overuse or consumption of
Any drug may be harmful when drugs other than for medical reasons.
taken in: - Any non-medical use of drugs that
- Excess; cause physical, psychological, legal,
- Dangerous combinations; economic, or social damage to the
- By hypersensitive (allergic) person user or to the people affected by the
user’s behavior.
CATEGORIES OF DRUGS - Using drugs without prescription.
- Abuse of drugs and other
1. Natural- includes natural plant substances can lead to physical and
leaves, flowering tops, resin, hashish, psychological dependence.
opium and marijuana

2. Synthetic/Artificial- The term PHARMACOLOGICAL

“synthetic” as used in the National CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS
Drug Control Strategy (NDCS)
refers to drugs whose origins are not 1) STIMULANT (UPPERS)
primarily organic, but rather are - Drug that excite the central
produced via chemical synthesis. The nervous system, increasing alertness,
synthetic drugs are produced by decreasing fatigue, delaying sleep,
 also impale appetite and cause -In medicine, the term opiate describes any
weight loss. of the narcotic opioid alkaloids found as
natural products in the opium poppy
a) Shabu – street names, poor man’s plant, Papaver somniferum.
cocaine, S, ice, Shabs, Ubas, bato, Siopao
Narcotic – substance that lessens
Methamphetamine pain and/or induces stupor.
hydrochloride/SHABU - a type of a). Opium – is the
amphetamine also known as “poor dried latex obtained from the opium
man’s cocaine”. Other names are poppy (Papaver somniferum). Opium
Shabu, Ubas, Siopao, Sha and Ice. contains up to 12% morphine,
- Shabu is a white, odorless crystal or an alkaloid, which is frequently
crystalline powder with a bitter processed chemically to
numbing taste. produce heroin. The latex also
-It is first synthetic stimulant drug includes codeine.
developed by the Japanese, originally
called as KAKUZEIZAI, a Japanese Opium poppy, Papaver somniferum,
term which means KAKUZEI is the species of plant from which
“walking” and ZAI “drugs” opium and poppy seeds are derived.
Opium is the source of
b) Cocaine – an agent that produces many narcotics,
a temporary increase of the including morphine (and its
functional activity or efficiency of an derivative heroin), thebaine, codeine,
Organism or any of its parts. papaverine and noscapine. The Latin
botanical name means the "sleep-
Street names – Coke, Snow, Flake, bringing poppy", referring to
Bow the sedative properties of some of
these opiates.
Cocaine - is a drug from the leaves
of the Coca plant, a shrub that b) Morphine – is a potent opiate
originated in South America. This analgesic drug that is used to relieve
drug affects the central nervous severe pain. It was first isolated in
system as a stimulant. 1804 by Friedrich Serturner, first
distributed by him in 1817, and first
-The name comes from "coca" and commercially sold by Merck in
the alkaloid suffix -ine, 1827.
forming cocaine. It is a stimulant,
an appetite suppressant, and a topical - It took its name from the Greek god
anesthetic. of dreams Morpheus.

2) OPIATES/NARCOTIC -The most abundant alkaloid found

in Opium, the dried sap (latex)
- Group of drugs that are used medically to derived from shallowly slicing the
relieve pain, but have a high potential for unripe seedpods of the opium, or
abuse. common and/or edible, poppy.
 Morphine can usually be found in PISTILATE- Female plant
tablet form, a syrup, injection or as a STAMINATE- Male plant
suppository form.
4) DEPRESSANTS/SEDATIVES
- Morphine is usually taken orally (DOWNERS)
via a syrup, tablet or capsule, - Drugs that have mild-calming or sleep-
however, it can come in an injectable producing effect upon the central nervous
form. system.
- e.g. Valium
c) Heroin – is processed from
morphine, a naturally occurring 5) INHALANTS - drugs whose volatile
substance extracted from the seed vapors are taken in via the nose and trachea.
pod of certain varieties of poppy
plants. - includes solvents, bases and aerosol, rugby,
- It is typically sold as a white or gasoline, hair spray, lighter fluid and air
brownish powder or as the black freshener
sticky substance known on the streets
as "black tar heroin”. OTHER DANGEROUS DRUGS

3) HALLUCINOGENS Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
- Drugs that are derived from plants or (MDMA) or commonly known as
chemical substances which affects the "Ecstasy", "X-TC", "Adam", "Eden Tablet",
perception, sensation, behavior and produces or by its any other name - refers to the drug
hallucination on the user. Also known as having such chemical composition,
“mind altering drugs”. including any of its isomers or derivatives in
any form;
Marijuana - is the term used to describe all
the plant material like leaves, tops, stems, Sedatives - Sedative-hypnotics such as
flowers and roots from a cannabis plant tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and sedatives
(Cannabis sativa), dried and prepared for are drugs, which depress or slow down body
smoking or taken orally as “brownies”. functions. These drugs ca be dangerous
when not taken according to physician's
-The mind-altering component is the instructions.
tetrahydrocannabinol; THC for short, which
is concentrated in the resin. Ketamine - is an anesthetic that is abused for
-Historians credited marijuana as the oldest its hallucinogenic properties. Its
cultivated pant started by the INCAS of predominant legitimate use is as a veterinary
PERU anesthetic.
-Marijuana also known to be sacred tree in
the belief of Assyrians and used in their - can cause dream-like states and
religious rituals. hallucinations. Users report
-Considered as the “Assassin of the youth” sensations ranging from a pleasant
in the Philippines and known to be the feeling of floating to being separated
source of happiness and laughter provoker from their bodies. Some ketamine
by the Hindus of INDIA experiences involve a terrifying
feeling of almost complete sensory
 detachment that is likened to a near-
death experience. 4) Snorting
- Inhalation through the nose of
Amphetamines drugs in gaseous form.
-is a psychostimulant drug of the
phenethylamine class that produces 5) Buccal
increased wakefulness and focus in - Drugs is administered by placing it
association with decreased fatigue and in the buccal cavity just under the lips.
appetite.
6) Topical
– Drug that is stimulant to the central -This refers to the application of
nervous system. It is colorless and maybe drugs directly to a body site such as the skin
inhaled, injected or swallowed. It may be
used medically to treat depression, and 7) Iontophoresis
obesity. -The introduction of drugs into
deeper layers of the skin by the use of
LEGAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF special type of electric current for local
DRUGS UNDER RA 6425 effect.

1. Prohibited Drugs- Opium and its DRUG DOSE

derivatives, opium and its
derivatives, Hallucinogen drugs like; 1. Minimal Dose- the amount needed
MJ, LSD and Mescaline to treat or heal, that is, the smallest
2. Regulated Drugs- Drugs that are amount of a drug that will produce
prescribe or administer by physician therapeutic effect.
for health purposes. Ex 2. Maximal Dose- the largest amount
Amphetamines and tranquilizers of a drug that will produce a desired
3. Volatile Substance- ex rugby, therapeutic effect, without any
paints, thinner and gasoline. accompanying toxicity.
3. Toxic Dose- the amount of drug that
ROUTES OF DRUG produces untoward effects or
ADMINISTRATION symptoms of poisoning
4. Abusive Dose- the amount needed to
1) Oral Ingestion produce the side effects and action
- Taken by the mouth and must pass desired by an individual who
through the stomach before being improperly uses it.
absorbed in the bloodstream. 5. Lethal Dose- the amount of drug
that will cause death.
2) Inhalation
- Drug in gaseous from enters the
lungs and is quickly absorbed by the MEDICAL USES OF DRUGS
capillary system.
Analgesics- drugs that relieve pain, Hower
3) Injection they may produce the opposite side effects
- Administered into the body by the on somebody who suffers from peptic ulcer
use of a syringe or hypodermic needle. or gastric irritation
 3. Physical Effects
Antibiotics- are drugs that combat or a. Malnutrition- The life of an
control infectious organisms addict revolves around drug use.
He misses even regular meals.
Antipyretics- those that can lower body He losses appetite and eventually
temperature or fever due to infection develops malnutrition. Likewise,
the drug dependent who has tried
Antihistamines- those that control or on his own to withdraw may
combat allergic reactions suffer from suffer severe
gastrointestinal disturbance that
Contraceptives- drugs that prevent the result to severe dehydration.
meeting of the egg cell and sperm cell or b. Skin infections and Skin Rashes-
prevent the ovary from releasing egg cells The drug abuser uses unsterilized
needles and syringes that results
Decongestants- those that relieve in skin infections or even
congestion of the nasal passages. Prolonged ulceration at the sites of the
used of these decongestants might include needle puncture.
nasal congestion upon withdrawal.
4. Social Effects
The drug abuser may also
GENERAL EFFEECS OF DRUG experience social dysfunction such
ABUSE as the following:
a. Deterioration of interpersonal
1. Physiological and Biochemical relationship and development of
effects of drugs conflict with authority;
a. Increase in body function; b. Commission of crimes;
b. Decrease in body function; c. Social maladjustment, loss of
c. Mind altering effects; desire to work, study and
c.1 hallucination participate in activities or to face
c.2 delusion challenges.
c.3 ideas of reference
c.4 persecutory 5. Economic Effects
d. Damage of the brain; a. Inability to hold stable job
e. Slurred speech b. Dependence on family resources
f. Mood changes c. Accident in industry

2. Psychological (MIND) Effects

a. Psychological dependent
b. Personality change
c. Insanity
d. Impaired memory
e. Mood changes
f. Deterioration of intellectual
functions