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Chapter 5

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115 views3 pages

Chapter 5

Uploaded by

noor.singh42.ns
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Basic Statistics

For Business & Economics


@2022 McGraw Hill Limited

Chapter 5

In-Class Exercise 1.

Suppose we draw two cards without replacement from a well-shuffled pack of 52 cards.

(a) Develop a probability distribution for the number of kings.


(b) Portray the probability distribution graphically.
(c) What is the sum of the probabilities?

Solution:
(a)
Number of Kings Probability
0 (48/52)(47/51) = 0.8506
1 (48/52)(4/51)+(4/52)(48/51)=0.1433
2 (4/52)(3/51)=0.0045
1

(b)

Number of Kings on Two Draws


0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Porbability

0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 1 2
Number of Kings

(c) The sum of the probably is 1 which can be seen from the table in part (a).

In-Class Exercise 2.

Soft drink sellers offers three sizes of cola—small, medium, and large—for wholesale. The colas are sold for $0.70, $1,
and $1.30, respectively. Twenty percent of the orders are for small, 55 percent are for medium, and 25 percent are for
the large sizes. Organize the size of the colas and the probability of a sale into a probability distribution.
(a) Is this a discrete probability distribution? Indicate why or why not.
(b) Compute the mean amount charged for a cola.
(c) What is the variance in the amount charged for a cola? The standard deviation?

Solution:

(a) It is discrete, because the values 0.7, 1.0, and 1.3 are clearly separated from each other, the sum of the probabilities is
1.0 and the outcomes are mutually exclusive.

(b)

x P(x) xP(x )
0.7 .2 0.14
1.0 .55 0.55
1.3 .25 0.325
1.015

The mean is $1.015.

(c)

x P(x) ( x−μ ) ( x−μ )2 P ( x )


0.7 0.2 -0.315 0.019845
1 0.55 -0.015 0.000124
1.3 0.25 0.285 0.020306
0.040275

The variance is 0.040275, and the standard deviation is 0.200686.

In-Class Exercise 3.

Hospital records show that of patients suffering from a certain disease, 75% die of it. Suppose we select a random
sample of six patients.

(a) Does this situation fit the assumptions of the binomial distribution?
(b) What is the probability that 6 will recover?
(c) Use formula (5–3) to determine the exact probability that four of the six sampled patients will recover?
(d) Use Appendix A to verify your answers to parts (b) and (c) .

Solution:

(a) It is reasonable because each patient either recovers or does not. The patients are independent of each other and the
probability of recovery for each is 25%.
(b) P(X=6)=( .25 )6 =0.000244
(c) P(X=4) = 6C4 ( 0.25 )4 ( 0.75 )2 = 0.0329
(d) Verified !
In-Class Exercise 4.

For a binomial distribution where n = 10 and p = 0.45, determine the probability that:

(a) x = 6
(b) x ≤ 6
(c) x > 6

Solution:

(a) P( X=6)=10 C 6 ( .45 )6 (.55 )4=0.160


¿b) P ( X ≤6 )=P ( X =0 ) + P ( X=1 )+ …+ P ( X=6 )=0.898
(c) P ( X >6 )=1−P ( X ≤ 6 )=1−0.898=0.102

In-Class Exercise 5.

Kolzak Appliance Outlet just received a shipment of 15 TV sets. Shortly after they were received, the manufacturer called
to report that he had inadvertently shipped 5 defective sets. Ms. Kolzak, the owner of the outlet, decided to test 4 of the
15 sets she received.

What is the probability that neither of the four sets tested is defective?

Solution:

5 10
C0C4
P ( X=0 )= 15
=0.1538
C4

In-Class Exercise 6.

If electricity power failures occur according to a Poisson distribution with an average of 3 failures every twenty weeks,
calculate the probability that there will not be more than one failure during a particular week.

Solution:
3
μ= =0.15
20
P ( X ≤1 ) =P ( X=0 )+ P ( X=1 )=.9898

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