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Levels of Teaching

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27 views

Levels of Teaching

nice

Uploaded by

Ishani Majumdar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Levels of Teaching

Teaching Aptitude Syllabus


✓ Teaching: Concept, Objectives, Levels of teaching (Memory,
Understanding, and Reflective), Characteristics, and basic requirements.
✓ Learner’s characteristics: Characteristics of adolescent and adult learners
(Academic, Social, Emotional, and Cognitive), Individual differences.
✓ Factors affecting teaching related to Teacher, Learner, Support material,
Instructional facilities, Learning environment, and Institution.
✓ Methods of teaching in Institutions of higher learning: Teacher-centred vs.
Learner-centered methods; Off-line vs. Online methods (Swayam,
Swayamprabha, MOOCs, etc.).
✓ Teaching Support System: Traditional, Modern, and ICT based.
✓ Evaluation Systems: Elements and Types of Evaluation, Evaluation in
Choice Based Credit System in Higher Education, Computer-based testing,
Innovations in evaluation systems
Morris L. Biggie (1967) classified levels of teaching-learning process as
follows:
1. Autonomous Development Level (Student-Centered)
2. Memory Level
3. Understanding Level
4. Reflective Level (Introspective/Problem-focused)
Autonomous Development Level
• Student-centered
• Naturally occurring
• Student thought or behavior is not directed, pressurized, prescribed or
imposed
• Formal teaching not required
• Form of negative education (learning without teaching)
• Under the control of student/s
• Involves intrinsic motivation
• Contributes to in-depth learning
• Proposed by Morris L. Biggie in 1976
Memory Level
• Proposed by John F. Herbart
Objectives:
1. To impart factual information
2. Memorization/rote learning
Nature:
1. Simple & structured subject-matter (suited to rote-learning)
2. Simple concepts, terms & elements
Methods:
1. Drill
2. Review/Revision
3. Questioning
Role of Teacher:
1. Gives instructions
2. Delivers information
3. Controls behavior
4. Evaluates performance
5. Takes initiatives
6. Planning & decision-making
7. Dominating
8. Active
9. Authoritarian
Role of Learner:
1. Passive
2. Memorization
3. Little or no understanding
Evaluation Systems:
1. Both oral & written tests
2. Short length
3. Recall test
4. Recognition test
5. Multiple-choice test
Advantages:
1. Useful for young children
2. Useful for learning new concepts
3. Helpful for slow learners
4. Suited to acquisition of facts
5. Serves as foundation for understanding & reflective levels
Disadvantages:
1.Not effective for higher levels
2.Teacher is dominant; learner is passive
3.Low intrinsic motivation among learners
4.Poor retention & recall
5.Absence of interactive class sessions
Understanding Level
• Proposed by H.C. Morrison
• Thoughtful level
• Relation between various elements of subject-matter is studied
Objectives:
1. Comprehension – Translation, interpretation & extrapolation
2. Application – After comprehending, applying understood knowledge
to various real-life settings
Role of teacher:
1. Prominent but not dominating
2. Not authoritarian
3. Organizes subject-matter
Role of learner:
1. Participates actively
2. Asks questions for doubt-clarification
Methods:
1. Lecture
2. Demonstration
3. Inductive & Deductive
Advantages:
1. Learning is effective & long-lasting
2. Cognitive development
3. Provides a foundation for reflective level of teaching
Disadvantages:
1. Helps only in comprehension & not problem-solving
2. Less intrinsic motivation than in reflective level
3. Teacher-centred & controlled by teacher
4. Absence of individualized learning
Reflective Level
• Proposed by Hunt
• Introspective or metacognitive level
• Transactional level
Objectives:
1. To help learners gain insight into problems & solve them
2. To promote rational & critical thinking
3. To encourage originality of thinking & decision-making
Nature:
1. Deals with problems; not information
2. Content is open-ended & unstructured
Methods:
1. Investigation/research projects
2. Experiment
3. Heuristics
4. Inquiry-centered
5. Analysis
6. Problem-solving
Evaluation:
1. Test of Creative thinking
2. Test of Reasoning ability
3. Assessment of problem-solving skills
4. Test of Critical thinking
Role of Teacher:
1. Generating & maintaining a liberal, spontaneous & active learning
environment
2. Not an authoritarian or dominating figure
Advantages:
1. Most thoughtful level
2. Develops problem-solving skills
3. Student-centered
4. Flexible to a great extent
5. Helpful for gifted learners
6. Develops creative/original thinking
7. Promotes intrinsic motivation
Disadvantages:
1. Time-consuming
2. Not helpful for young children
3. Not useful for children with learning difficulties
4. Not appropriate for Indian classroom settings
5. Too many responsibilities for the teacher
Teaching & Related Terms
1. Teaching – process of imparting information and explaining
concepts, theories & principles
2. Instruction – a one-way delivery of directions from the instructor to
the instructed
3. Training – applying theories to real-life settings
4. Indoctrination – influencing the beliefs & overall personality of
learners. Teaching can occur without indoctrination but
indoctrination is not possible without teaching
Teaching Environment
There are three ways of conceptualizing the environment of teaching:
1. Bipolar Process
Teacher Learner
2. Tripolar Process
Teacher

Learner Curriculum
3. Quadripolar Process
Teacher Curriculum

Physical Climate Learner

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