Sri Chaitanya IIT Academy.

, India Mathematics Concepts and Formulae

Sri Chaitanya IIT Academy., India

A.P, TELANGANA, KARNATAKA, TAMILNADU, MAHARASHTRA, DELHI, RANCHI
A right Choice for the Real Aspirant
ICON Central Office – Madhapur – Hyderabad
Read, Revise & Retain (R R R – Concept)
Mathematics Concepts and Formulae
Applications of Integrals
The space occupied by the curve along with the axis, under the given condition is called
area of bounded region.
(i) The area bounded by the curve y  F  x  above the X  axis and between the lines

x  a, x  b is given by.

b b
a y dx   F  x  dx
a

(ii) If the curve between the lines x  a, x  b lies below the X  axis , then the required
area is given by.

b b b
 a  y d x  
a
y dx   a F x  dx

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 Sri Chaitanya IIT Academy., India Mathematics Concepts and Formulae
(iii) The area bounded by the curve x  F  y  right to the Y  axis and between the lines
d d
y  c, y  d s given by. c x dy   F  y  dy
c

(iv) If the curve between the lines y  c, y  d left to the Y-axis, then the area is given by

d d d
c   x  d y  
c
x dy  c F  y  dy

(v) Area bounded by two curves y  F  x  and y  G  x  between x  a and x  b is given

by

b
 a F  x   G  x d x

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 Sri Chaitanya IIT Academy., India Mathematics Concepts and Formulae
(vi) Area bounded by two curves x  F  y  and x  G  y  between y  c and y  d is given
by

d
c  F y G  y   d y

(vii) If F  x   G  x  in  a, c  and F  x   G  x  in  c, d  , where a  c  b , then area of the

region bounded by the curves is given as

c b
Area  
a
F  x   G  x dx  c G  x   F  x dx
Area of Curves Given by Polar Equations
Let f   be a continuous function,    ,   , then the area bounded by the curve

1  2
r  f   and radius  ,      is A 
2 
r d

Area of Curves Given by Parametric Curves

Let x    t  and y    t  be two parametric curves, then area bounded by the curve, X-

t  t2  dx 
axis and ordinates x    t1  , x    t2  is A  t t1  dt  dt
y 

Curve Sketching
1. Symmetry
(i) If powers of y in an equation of curve are all even, then curve is symmetrical about
X  axis .

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 Sri Chaitanya IIT Academy., India Mathematics Concepts and Formulae
(ii) If powers of x in an equation of curve are all even, then curve is symmetrical about
Y  axis .
(iii) When x is replaced by – x and y is replaced by – y , then curve is symmetrical in
opposite quadrant.
(iv) If x and y are interchanged and equation of curve remains unchanged, then curve is
symmetrical about line y  x .
2. Nature of Origin
(i) If point  0, 0  satisfies the equation, then curve passes through origin.
(ii) If curve passes through origin, then equate lowest degree term to zero and get equation of
tangent. If there are two tangents, then origin is a double point.
3. Point of Intersection with Axes
(i) Put y  0 and get intersection with X  axis , put x  0 and get intersection with Y  axis
.
(ii) Now, find equation of tangent at this point i.e. shift origin to the point of intersection and
equate the lowest degree term to zero.
(iii) Find regions where curve does not exists i.e. curve will not exit for those values of
variable when makes the other imaginary or not defined.
4. Asymptotes
(i) Equate coefficient of highest power of x to get asymptote parallel to X  axis .
(ii) Similarly equate coefficient of highest power of y to get asymptote parallel to Y  axis .
dy
5. The Sign of
dx
dy
Find points at which vanishes or becomes infinite. It gives us the points where tangent
dx
is parallel or perpendicular to the X-axis .
6. Points of Inflexion

d2y d 2x
Put  0 or  0 and solve the resulting equation. If some point of inflexion is
dx 2 dy 2
there, then locate it exactly. Taking in consideration of all above information, we draw an
approximate shape of the curve.
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 Sri Chaitanya IIT Academy., India Mathematics Concepts and Formulae
Shapes of Some Curves
Sno Equation Curve

(i) ay 2  X 3

(ii) y  X3

(iii)  X 2  4 a 2  y  8a 3

(iv) ay 2  x 2  a  x 

(v) 
a2 y 2  x2 a2  x2 

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 Sri Chaitanya IIT Academy., India Mathematics Concepts and Formulae

Intersection Area of shaded

S.No. Equation Graph
Points Region
If  ,   0,   ,
then area
bounded by the
 
(i) curve xy   2 , -  2 log   sq unit

 
X-axis and
ordinate
x  a, x  b
O  O, O  ,
Area between the
 a 
(ii)
Curve y  c 2 x 2 , A
 c
, a ,


2 b3/ 2  a3/ 2 
y  axis and line 3c
y  a, y  b  b 
B ,b 
 c 
When

y  k cos 3 X , 0 x ,
6 k
(iii)  then
sq units
0  X  , 3
6

0  3X 
2

O  O, O 
f  X , y  ; X 2  4ay 16
(iv) A(4a 2/3 b1/3  ab  sq units
y 2  4bx 3
4a1/3b2/3 )

(i) For
X  O, y  O
2 2
f  X , y ; Area  a   
O  O, O  , A  a, a   4 3
(v) X 2  y 2  2ax sq units
B  a,  a 
and y 2  ax (ii) For x  0
 2
Area  2a 2   
 4 3
sq units

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 Sri Chaitanya IIT Academy., India Mathematics Concepts and Formulae

Area bounded by the

2 A  a,2a  8 2
(vi) parabola y  4ax a sq units
and its latus rectum B  a , 2a  3
xa

Area bounded by
the curves
y  4a  x  a 
2  
A b  a,2 ab , 8 ab  a  b 
(vii) 3
and 
B b  a, 2 ab sq units 
y 2  4b  b  x 

Common area
Between Area of region
 1
X 2 y2 1  PQRS =4  area of
  
2  a2  b2 OLQM
(viii) b a 2 a 2b2
4 a
and 1  tan 1  
  ab b
X2 y2 2 2 
1 a b  sq unit
 
a2 b2 a 2b2
f  x, y  ;
X2 y2
  1.
a2 b2
X y A  a, O  ab.
  2 
(ix)
 1
a b 4
B  O, b 
sq units
X2 y2
or  1
2 2
a b
X y
 
a b

f  x, y  ; B  O, O  ,
1 m3

(x) aX 2  y  mx  m m2  6 a2
A , 
a a 
 y  aX 2 , y  mX   sq units

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 Sri Chaitanya IIT Academy., India Mathematics Concepts and Formulae

O  O, O  ,
f  x, y  ; y 2  4aX 8a 2
(xi)  4 a 4a  sq units
and y  mx A ,
2 m  3m3
m 

Volume and Surface Area

If we revolve any plane curve along any line, then solid so generated is called solid of
revolution.

1. Volume of Solid Revolution

(i) The volume of the solid generated by revolution of the area bounded by the curve
b
y  f  x  , X  axis and the ordinates x  a, x  b is a  y
2
dx it is being given that f  x 

is a continuous function in the interval  a, b  .

(ii) The volume of the solid generated by revolution of the area bounded by the curve
d
x  g  y  , the axis of Y and two abscissae y  c and y  d is c  x
2
dy , it is being given

that g  y  is a continuous function in the interval  c, d  .

2. Surface Area of Solid Revolution

(i) The surface area of the solid generated by revolution of the area bounded by the curve

  dy  2 
y  f  x  , X  axis and the ordinates x  a, x  b is 2 y 1    dx it is being
  ds  

given that f  x  is a continuous function in the interval  a, b 

(ii) The surface area of the solid generated by revolution of the area bounded by the curve.

d   dx  2 
x  f  y  , Y  axis and y  c, y  d is 2  x 1    dy ,it is being given that f  y 
c dy
   
is a continuous function in the interval  c, d  .

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