GE 105

Purposive
Communication
What is Language?
 What is Language?

What is language? Linguists agree that a language

can only be called a language if it has a system of
rules (also known as grammar), a sound system
(phonology), and a vocabulary (lexicon). When
people use language, they can understand each
other because they belong to the same speech
community.
 What is Language?
While growing up, people acquire the languages
used by those in the community.
That is the process of language acquisition

The languages acquired while growing up are

known as mother tongues
 What is Language?
while may also be referred to as first languages.
People discover later on that other languages
are needed for various reasons.
These other languages may be referred to as
second languages. People learn these
languages by studying formally in school or
informally on their own. This is the process of
language learning.
QUESTION
What happens if you, for example, who
speaks a mother tongue and English,
go work to China where residents speak
Mandarin and a little bit of English?

Will you be able to communicate with

Chinese?
 What is Language?
The answer is yes.

Though it may be a challenge for you to

understand them and vice versa, eventually you
will be able to communicate as you slowly learn
each other’s languages. What is happening here
is called language contact
 What is Language?

Your own languages may also change as you

constantly interact and communicate with each
other. Thus, language change is the result of
language contact.
 MEANING OF
COMMUNICATION
Since communication is a growing
industry today, its meaning can be
expanded in many ways
1. Communication is a 2. Communication is a
process of transmitting or system (as telephones,
conveying information to computers, other digital
others. gadgets) for transmitting or
exchanging information
 3. Communication is the act or 4. Communication is a
process of using work, sources, message that is given
signs, or behaviors to express to someone such as
or exchange information or to letter, telephone, call
express ideas, thoughts,
etc.
feelings etc. to someone else.
 6.Communication is an
5. Communication is a way of intercourse by words,
sending information to people letters, symbols, or
by using technology (radio, messages, and is a way
wireless or electronic that one organization
communication etc. member shares meaning
and understanding with
another
7. Communication is an
exchange of facts, ideas,
opinions, or emotions by two or
more persons.
 TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
 Context
Is the circumstance or environment in which
the communication takes place.
Communication may then be classified
according to:
(1) communication mode,
(2) context, and
(3) purpose and style.
 Types of Communication according to
Mode
Verbal-Non verbal Communication

Verbal communication involves speaking producing

sounds and words.

While non-verbal communication mostly involves

facial/hand gestures, and other non-verbal cues.
 Types of Communication according to
Mode
Visual Communication

is the type of communication that uses visuals to convey

information and messages.

Some examples are signs, symbols, imagery, maps, graphs,

photos, illustrations, and other forms of electronic
communication
 Types of Communication according
to Mode
Intrapersonal Communication

Intrapersonal Communication- the Latin prefix intra-

means within or inside.

Intrapersonal communication means talking to oneself

 Types of Communication according to
Mode
Interpersonal Communication

Interpersonal Communication- the Latin prefix inter-

means between, among, and together. Interpersonal
communication is an interaction between people. An
example is talking with friends.
FIVE NON-VERBAL
BEHAVIORS/

ELEMENTS OF NON
VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Vocalics

refers to the use of volume, tone pitch and rate of

speaking to give additional meaning or emphasis
to what is spoken. Say "come here" using a
variety of tone, volume and pitch to highlight
different meanings
Pitch is the highness or lowness of your voice

Tone is the quality or mood of your voice

Example of Tone:
Casual- easy going, like how you’d talk to a friend rather
than a boss.

Joyful- focused on positive emotions, this tone elicits

warm fuzzing feeling.
Proxemics

Refers to the space and how we use it, and how it makes us
feel more or less comfortable

The use of space proximity is a significant indicator of how

close or intimate we feel toward people.

Standing closer to someone when we are about to share

something private.
Movement

is your posture, gesture, facial expression, body

language and everything you do are perhaps the
most obvious communicating messages.
Movement

is your posture, gesture, facial expression, body

language and everything you do are perhaps the
most obvious communicating messages.
COMPONENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
The Sender

The communication process begins with sender, who is

also called the communicator or source.

The sender has some kind of information- command,

request or idea- that he or she wants to share with others.

In order for that message to be received, the sender must

first encode the message in a form that can be understood
and then transmit it.
The Receiver

The person to whom a message is directed is

called the receiver or the interpreter.

In order to comprehend the information from the

sender, the receiver must first be able to receive
the sender's information and the decode or
interpret it
The Message

The content is the information that the sender

wants to relay to the receiver
The Medium

The method you use to relay your communication.

A system or channel through which a speaker or

writer addresses their audience.

phone calls, text messages, emails, video, radio, and

social media are all types of communication channels
The Feedback

The communication process reaches its final point when the

message has been successfully transmitted, received and
understood.

The receiver in return, responds to the sender, indicating

comprehension.

Feedback may be direct, such as written or verbal response, or

it may take the form of an act or deed in response.
COMMUNICATION
MODELS
 COMMUNICATION
MODELS
There are many conceptual models for human
communication but in this lesson, you will be exposed to
only four: (1) Aristotle’s model, (2) Laswell’s model, (3)
Shannon-Weaver’s model, and (4) David Berlo’s model of
communication.
Aristotle’s Model of
Communication This model emphasized
that there are three
variables in the
communication process:
speaker, speech, and
audiences.
 Phase 1 Phase 2

In 1948, Harold Dwight Laswell described communication as being

focused on the following Ws: Who says What in Which channel to
Whom and with What effect. The whole process of communication
begin with the communicator (who) sending out a message (what)
using a medium (in which channel) for a receiver (to whom)
experiencing an effect (with what effect) afterwards.
Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver’s model
of communication was introduced in 1949. Originally,
it was conceptualized for the functioning of the radio
and television serving as a model for technical
communication and, later on adopted in the field of
communication
 1.

Adora Montminy
Agriculture | 2024
Source: The source is situated where the message originates

Communication skills – It is the skill of the individual to

communicate. For example, the ability to read, write, speak, listen
etc.

Attitudes – This includes attitudes towards the audience, subject

and towards oneself. For example, for the student, the attitude is
to learn more and for teachers, it is to help teach
Knowledge– Communicating also means that the person needs
to be knowledgeable about the subject or topic. For e.g. a
teacher needs to know about the subject in detail that he or she
teaches so that they can communicate properly such that the
students understand here.

Social system – The social system includes the various aspects

of society like values, beliefs, culture, religion and a general
understanding of society. It is where the communication takes
place.
Culture: Culture of a particular society also comes under the
social system.
Content – The body of a message, from the beginning to the end,
comprises its content. For example, whatever the class teacher
teaches in the class, from beginning to end, is the content of the
message.

Elements – It includes various things like language, gestures,

body language, etc. They constitute all the elements of a
particular message. Any content is accompanied by some
elements.
Content – The body of a message, from the beginning to the end,
comprises its content. For example, whatever the class teacher
teaches in the class, from beginning to end, is the content of the
message.

Elements – It includes various things like language, gestures,

body language, etc. They constitute all the elements of a
particular message. Any content is accompanied by some
elements.
Treatment – It refers to the packing of the message and the way
in which the message is conveyed or the way in which it is passed
on or delivered.

Structure– The structure of the message refers to how it is

arranged; the way people structure the message into various
parts.

Code– The code of the message refers to the means through

which it is sent and in what form. It could be, for example,
language, body language, gestures, music, etc. Even culture is a
code. Through this, people give and receive messages and
communication takes place.
Channel– It refers to the five sense organs. The following are the
five senses:
Hearing
Seeing
Touching
Smelling
Tasting

Hearing: The use of ears to receive the message. For example, orally
transmitted messages, interpersonal communication etc.

Seeing: Visual channels, for example, Watching television so the

message is conveyed through the scene/film.
Touching: The sense of touch can be used as a channel to
communicate. For example, we touch, buy food, hugging our
loved ones, etc.

Smelling: Smell also can be a channel to communicate. For

example, perfumes, food, fragrances etc. Charred smell
communicates something is burning. People can deduct which
food is being cooked by its smell etc.

Tasting : The tongue is a muscular organ used in the act of eat

and taste food. For example, while a food is being shared, the
communication can happen regarding its taste.
Decoder : The person who receives the message and decodes it
is referred to a decoder.

Receiver: The receiver needs to think all the contents and

elements of the source, so as to communicate/responds to
sender effectively.;