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LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
BREAKER DESIGN
(MCB & MCCB)
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TOPICS
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Introduction
Types of Circuit Breakers
Operation of Circuit Breaker
Specification of MCB & MCCB
Calculation of Circuit Breaker
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INTRODUCTION
Low Voltage :
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Based on the voltage at consumer end, voltage of 230V or
415V considered as low voltage in India.
Circuit Breaker ( C.B) :
It’s an automatically operated electro-mechanical switch
which provides protection to electrical system against
abnormal/faulty conditions.
Its detect the faulty condition and immediately cut off
power supply
Unlike fuses, Circuit breaker can be resumed to
operation without replacing any parts.
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TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS
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Miniature Circuit breaker ( MCB)
Molded Case Circuit breaker ( MCCB)
Air blast Circuit breaker ( ACB)
Vacuum Circuit breaker ( VCB)
HRC Fuses
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OPERATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS
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C.B should detect the fault only when it occurs.
C.B contacts must carry the load current without
excessive heating, and also withstand the heat of
arc produced during interrupting the circuit.
After fault clearance, the contacts must again be
closed to restore power to the interrupted circuit.
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OPERATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Short circuit condition: Arc chamber Bi metallic strip Input
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During short circuit, a stronger
Electro magnetic field will be
created and is capable enough
to pull cylinder upwards which
breaks the contact.
Arc generated during breaking
of contact will passed through
Arc chamber, split into small
portions and energy will be
extinguished safely
Output Coil
Switch
Cylinder 6
Magnetic filed
OPERATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Over load condition: Arc chamber Bi metallic strip Input
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During over load, current flowing
Through MCB goes beyond safe
Working condition and but not
Extreme as S.C condition.
So, Magnetic field not strong
enough to operate cylinder for
breaking.
Now bi-metallic strip comes to
Action. Due to excessive heat
produced by over load current,
this strip will bend and opens the
circuit.
Output Coil Cylinder Switch
Arc will be extinguished as discussed in Magnetic filed
S.C condition. Breaking time is more in 7
overload as compared to Short circuit condition.
SPECIFICATION OF MCB & MCCB
Description Type
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Types / Series B, C & D
Rated Current 10A, 16A, …
Rated Voltage 230V / 415 V
Rated Frequency 50 / 60
No. of poles SP, SP+N, DP, TP, TP+N, FP
SC breaking capacity 10000
Energy class 3,
Tripping Curve Type B, C, D
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SPECIFICATION OF MCB & MCCB
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CALCULATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKER SIZE
Classification of CB according to Rating
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Standard Sizes of CB
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CALCULATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKER SIZE
Design Criteria
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CB size depends upon the load current
CB size = 1.25 * Full load current
Tripping time for HT side CB < 3 sec
Tripping time for LT side CB = 0.01 to 1 sec
NEC – 80% of the rated current is safe current limit
to flow through CB
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CALCULATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKER SIZE
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CALCULATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKER SIZE
At Feeder 1:
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TCL : 82 KW ( Active power)
Its 3 Phase system as TCL is more than 5 KW
Then, P = √3 x V x I x COS Φ
∴ I = P / (√3 x V x COS Φ)
I = 82 / (√3 x 415 x 0.8)
I = 142.77 A ( Full load current )
CB size = 1.25 x Full load current
= 1.25 x 142.77
= 178.46A
So, Proposed size of CB = 180 A, MCCB 13
TCL : Total current load
CALCULATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKER SIZE
At Feeder 3:
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TCL : 15 HP ( Active power)
Its 3 Phase system as TCL is more than 6 HP ( 15 HP > 6HP)
Then, P = √3 x V x I x COS Φ
∴ I = P / (√3 x V x COS Φ)
I = (15*746) / (√3 x 415 x 0.8)
I = 19.48 A ( Full load current )
CB size = 1.25 x Full load current
= 1.25 x 19.48
= 24.35A
So, Proposed size of CB = 25 A, MCB 14
TCL : Total current load
CALCULATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKER SIZE
At Feeder 4 :
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TCL : 2 KW ( Active power)
Its 1 Phase system as TCL is less than 5KW
Then, P = V x I x COS Φ
∴ I = P / ( V x COS Φ)
I = 2 / (230 x 0.8)
I = 10.87 A ( Full load current )
CB size = 1.25 x Full load current
= 1.25 x 10.47
= 13.59A
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So, Proposed size of CB = 16 A, MCB
TCL : Total current load
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Thank you
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