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Audio To Text Cookbook

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47 views3 pages

Audio To Text Cookbook

Uploaded by

deep nikil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Audio-to-Text Model Training Cookbook

This cookbook provides a step-by-step guide to building and training models for converting audio to

text, also known as

speech recognition. This involves preprocessing audio data, extracting features, selecting models,

and training and

evaluating models. This guide is tailored for users familiar with machine learning but new to audio

processing.

Contents:

1. Audio Data Preprocessing

2. Feature Extraction Techniques

3. Model Selection for Audio-to-Text

4. Training and Evaluation

5. Tools and Libraries

1. Audio Data Preprocessing

- **Sample Rate Conversion**: Standardize audio sample rates (usually 16 kHz for speech

recognition) for consistency.

- **Noise Reduction**: Apply noise reduction techniques (e.g., spectral gating) to improve audio

quality.

- **Trimming Silence**: Use algorithms to remove silence from the start and end of audio samples,

reducing model noise.

- **Resampling & Normalization**: Normalize amplitudes and resample audio to ensure uniformity.

Common libraries: `librosa`, `pydub`


2. Feature Extraction Techniques

- **Mel Spectrogram**: Converts audio waveforms into spectrograms that capture frequency

information over time.

- **MFCC (Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients)**: Commonly used in speech, providing a compact

feature set of audio characteristics.

- **Chroma Features**: Useful for identifying tonal audio information, though less common in pure

speech recognition.

Common libraries: `librosa`, `scipy`

3. Model Selection for Audio-to-Text

- **Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)**: Typically used in sequence models, such as

speech-to-text, to retain temporal relationships.

- **Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)**: Applied on spectrograms to extract spatial features.

- **Transformers**: Use self-attention mechanisms to capture long-range dependencies,

increasingly popular in modern ASR.

- **Hybrid Models**: Combine CNNs for feature extraction and RNNs/transformers for sequence

modeling.

Common architectures: DeepSpeech, Wav2Vec, RNN-T

4. Training and Evaluation

- **Training**: Use large, diverse datasets such as LibriSpeech for training. Apply techniques like

transfer learning if using pretrained models.

- **Loss Functions**: Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss is common for speech
recognition to align audio with transcriptions.

- **Evaluation**: Evaluate models with metrics like Word Error Rate (WER) and Character Error

Rate (CER) for accuracy.

Common libraries: `PyTorch`, `TensorFlow`, `Wav2Vec 2.0`, `DeepSpeech`

5. Tools and Libraries

- **Librosa**: For audio processing and feature extraction.

- **DeepSpeech**: An end-to-end speech recognition model, easy to implement.

- **Wav2Vec 2.0**: A transformer-based model offering high accuracy.

- **SpeechRecognition**: A Python library for simple audio-to-text, often using cloud APIs.

With these tools and techniques, you can create custom audio-to-text models for various

applications.

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