ICSE XI MATHS 19.07.
2021
LAKSHMINARAYANAN N 9551077802
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS:
A quadratic equation is any equation that can be rearranged in standard form as
ax2 + bx + c = 0
where x represents an unknown and is called variable and a, b, and c represent known numbers.
a & b are known as coefficients and c as constant.
Polynomial – variable with a degree of 2
2x + 3 = 0 : Linear Polynomial
X2+ 3x - 4 = 0 : Quadratic Equation
Coefficient – Number with a variable, Coeff 0 x2 = 1, Coeff of 3x = 3
Constant – Number without the variable constant = 4.
Solutions for x are determined by three methods for a quadratic equation.
i. Factorization
ii. Quadratic Solution Formula
iii. Direct calculation
Factorization
Split the middle term such that the coefficient of middle term the sum is same as coeff and the
product is same as constant.
Eg 1. x2+ 3x - 4 = 0
X2 + 4x - x - 4 = 0
x(x +4 ) -1 ( x + 4) = 0
x = 1,-4
Direct Calculation :
Eg 2. 2x + 4 = 0
2x = -4
x = -4/2 =- 2
Eg 3 . x2 + 2 = 0
x2 = -2
x2 = -2
= -1 x 2 )
= -1 x 2
x = +/- [ i 2]
So this kind of quadratic equation has no real solutions like previous two examples. Square of every
real number is non-negative. Using formulae for this equation will result in a condition like D = b2 –
4ac < 0, which is not possible in the system of real numbers.
Exercise Problems :
Qn. No 11 : The sum of the squares of two even consecutive positive integers is 340.
Soln :
Consecutive Positive Integers 2,4
An even no is 2x, Next even no is 2x +2
(2x)2+ (2x+2)2 = 340
4x2 + 4x2 + 8x + 4 = 340
2
8x + 8x -336 = 0
8x2 + 8x = 336
Simplify - dividing by 8
x2 + x = 42
x2 + x - 42 = 42
x = 6,-7
Consecutive even integers are 2x and 2x+2
When , x = 6, 12 & 14
When , x = -7, -14 & -16, but neglected as they are only positive integers.
Solved two more problems from exercise.
