17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12.Pressure11. 10 No. S.

loble
2.8 formulatheofdimensional
how Z.2l lengthin 2.20
Strain Stress Gravitational
Energy 9. Work 8.
Force 7.Acceleration
6 5. 4. 3.
Density 1 meistOIS 42.
Coefficient Impulse Moment Power Momentum whichandof
Dimensional Hence
tlheDimensions
Speed Volume Area DIMENSIONAL
EQUATIONS
DIMENSIONAL density of
\What
and
of |L||L]|LI
of of or uantity
Physical given a cquation
Dimensionalphysical is [M]
of a
force constant
force velocity physical fundamental
quantities
the
dimensions 0
elasticity fornmula. in
meant
or ? time.
torque quantitu GiveFORMULAE
G by of
Formulae
quantity. examples.
The
dimnensional density
expression
is
StrainStress Force Force
time x
Force xForce
called
Change in Area
dimension
Original
dimension (distance) Area Force Time Work workdistance
Amount ofForce xMass
acceleration xMass
velocity xvelocity
Change inDistance
Volume Lengthbreadth
Length x and are
Mass
mass x Time Mass
the AND
x Relation
other
with Sl represent T
Time e formula
thwhich in
I, x
Quantities
breadthMechanical
unitsdimeysional
distance Quantities mass,
of shows
some and PHYSICS-XI
x 3
height
physical plhysical cguating
called is
e [M°L' T°] es:
The
MLT×T MLT-L
MLT2 [ML²T)[MLT2]
Dimensional Examples DimthensionalaExampl
M MLT ML'T-2 MLT-2
ML, 2 MLT-xL= MLT] MxLT = T LT
T 13 M LxL= dimensional dimensional
M'LT1dimensionless) Mx [MLT]
MxLT = [M°LT-]} = LxLxL=
[M'L'T '] quantities quantities plhysical
- =[ML³TO Dimensional
Formula : and
|ML T
[MLT -
[MT1 =
L=
×
[MLT1 =[MLT) = LT² L'
= The [Pressure]
that The [MLT =
[MLT = .ML'T (M°L?T°] formulae
are [MLT|
[Forcel= quantity
cquation.
[M°LT1
= equation equation of dimensional dimensivoluomenal
? given
given1ofthe momentum
with
inand obtained
lable
for its by
The
formula
pressure
sorme ofSI
equation
force
di mofnensi oequation
nal
Nm
Nm Ns Nn is
kg Nm Pa Nm
or W N mskg ms 2.8. units physical (MLT
m m
-2 kgm3 Unit SI of
is the
quantity.formula I
is
is
 40. Entropy39. Thermal38.
conductivity Latent
heat37. Specific
heat36. 35. constant
Force34. Pressure
gradient33. gradient
Velocity32. Relative
density31. 30.
Frequency
29. period
Time28. 27. 24Angular23.
26. Radius25. ofacceleration
Universal Heat Angular
velocity2 . Angle21. 20. Surtace
tension18. No.
energy19. Surface S.
constant
Planck's } (sin Angular
T-ratios
momentum Moment
inertiaof
or 9,
Coefficient
viscosityof
enthalpy cos
gas
, Physical
constant tan gyration
)
Quantity

nT PV
Temperature Area Mass Heat Mass xEnergy
Temperature Displacement Distance Distance
Pressure Velocity Density period
Time E Time MassDistance
(distance)
Mass xAngular
distance
Heat x substance
Density of AngleRadius velocity
velocity Time xdistance
Force
Arc Area x Length Force
Area Work
Heat Force Length
Length Relation
other
with
Frequency 1 x MEASUREMENTSUNITS
AND
temp, x Heat of
Energy velocity
Time
Quantities
water
x 9uanitie
Thema
time x
at radius
4°C

ML' T MLT-2 MI-'(dimensionless)

T L LT (M°LT]T=
ML
MI
-3MLT-2 T 1 xL=L [ML'T'M?
L=[M°LT]
[MLT]
MxLT-1 ] = TT-1 1 L L
L'xMLTxL
LT ML'T 2 MLT 2
ML'TKML-T2L3
mol =
mol· K ML'KTL.KT
T.LML² ML²TM2 M-K [ML²T] L
(dimensionless)
- [M'TT']
7=1= [M'L'T]
-=T = =
1= Dimensional
Formula
[M'L'T]=T
= [M'L'T']1=
= T [M°L'T] -
[M°L°T-) =
[MLTK]= [M°LT 21
-
[M'LTK'] =
=
[MLT = [MT-1 - [M'LT = 'T[M1L = MTMT2
MT
[MLTK] - - =
(ML'T]
=
]
(dimensionless) (ML'T [ML°T-2]
]

Nm! m!
Pa Hz
ors m's-1kg
m
kg rads-2
m² rad sl rad Pas or
Nm
s Jm2 Nml
UnitSI
J
molK--1 J JKJs'-1 m'K-1 kg Kl
kg
J
2.21
 E r a m p
b l e
a

D e r i v a t i o

Conce
U ps
t e

PHYSICS-XI
2.22 Dimensional Formula SI Unit dim

Relation with other he

Ob
JK-1 The

S Quantities MI?T-2 K]
Physical Quantity - [MLT 2
g u a n t i

No.
Energy K knorvn

41. Boltzmann's constant

Temperature ML?T 2 =[ML°T -K1 Is m?K4
Energy L'.TK4 Eromol
2 e

42. Stetan's onstant (temp. )* Js'm2

Area x time x
inensinalfo
ML?T 2 - .ML° T-31
Energy L'.T
43. Solar Onstant Area x time MLT-2 [M°1OTo,
T-2=
44. Mechanical equivalent MI
(dimensionless) Soluti
of heat

Electrical Quantities
T.A =[M°L°TAJ C(coulomb)
(9)M
Time x Current V(volt)
45. Electric charge MI? T -2--[MLT-A-1
Work
46. Electrical potential TA
Charge ML2T-3A-1 2 (ohm)
Potential difference = [MLT A1
47. Resistance Current
TA M"LTA21 F (farad)
Charge ML² T-3A T=
48. Capacitance Potential difference (t).
MLTA-1 - [MLTA1 H (henry)
EMF
49. Inductance AT-1
Current/ time
AT-AT AC N'm²
50. Permittivity of free space 41 42 MLT- 12
F2
- [M-'LTA21
a pure ratio = [M°LT']
51. Relative permittivity or E, Or K= (dimensionless) Exam
dielectric constant NC-1 or
Force MLT-2 follo
=[MLT-A-] Vm-1
52. Intensity of electric field
E=
Charge AT
1 - (ML²T°A
53. Conductance C= MI? T-°A 2 or mho
R

RA ML? TA-.L? [MLT-°A1 Qm

54. Specific resistance or
resistivity m!
1 [M'LT°A)
55. Specific conductance or
conductivity
Cm
56. Electric dipole moment
9x21 AT·L=[M'LTA]

D, Magnetic Quantities
MLT-2 T (tesla)
57. Magnetic field B=
qu sin 9 AT LT -l.1
=[MLºT A]
Wb (weber)
58. Magnetic flux () = BA MTA-!,L' =|M? TA]
41r. F L·MLT-2
59. Permeability of free space A.L =[MLT-2A1
Am?
60. Magnetic moment Current x area A-L' =[M°L?T° AJ
Magnetic moment AL? Am
61. Pole strength Magnetic length - [M°LT°A]
L
 following
Example dinensional
formulac
Example Eamples
basSedon
modulus,
Young'(ii)s Power(ii) = constant.
Solution. (iv)Power
Planck'(vi)sGravitational
(1i) (i)
constant ML-lT-1(io) (iii) Solution.(i) (iv)MI Concept
Used
Daivation
ML-lT-2=(o) (i) T
[G]= Coefficient MT2 () quantities,
known. can The
[Y]= [Power]=
Y= F=G physical 28. MT-2 ML}T be
dimensional
27. obtained
LongiL'Longi 1[m1[[F][]
m, () -3_
. tL
MLTudintstL
ualrdiainstalress According Deduce
of quantities PresSure Coefficient
= = =Surface
Nane whose
of
Time Work L'T-1MLT-2 MLT-2 MLT-2 MLT=MLT2.LMLT-2 () Dimensional
MLT.L viscosity MLT
T
MET3(i) are
by
the asdimensionsformula
-2 the defining
ForcexMLT.MM
L? Newton's to tension = follows
IML ].
T Distance dimensional
: or
ofArea Length Force Time WorkForcex physical
Young'
modulus
()(iis) stress. Area Force of
[MTJ.I Time
Surface
viscosity.
x forceor Power. = MT-2(iii)
: itsFormulae
velocity distance
physical a
in
relation
Al/| F/A
A F1
A [M"LT1. - law formulae
Force
quantitics M,
L
oftension constant.
=Work. and witlh
MEASUREMENTS
UNITS
AND
gravitation, gradient quanlity
[Delhi13] otherT
for whose are
the
or quantities:
following
physical
Example
(vi) constant
(vi)of (v) (iv) Heat() (iv)
(iv) Latent
(iii)
heat (1) Solution.Coefficient
Boltzmann's constant,
Planck's
(vi) tension,
Surface(v)
Boltzmann's
constant,
(v) Mechanical Universal Inl 1=
Coefficient
[Latent
heat] = (Specific
heat] =Specific
29. [h]= [o]= 2.LT MLTvelocity
Areax
2L
[R]= (i) h=
[k]= R=PV=nRT Deduce
k=
= heat [Heat] equivalentHeat gas heat
Specific
(i) Frequency MLT-2Length Force of
nTPV conductivity
thermal constant ML2T-2
T1 Energy
1
Force
ML²KT 2 [ML'TK
Temperature L'molMLT2
.K. 3 = = = the
'-[ML
T. viscosity,
Heat
molx
volume
Forcex
MLT-2M Mass Heat temperature
MLT-2 Massx
M.K [MLT Energy -[ML'T].
dimensional
[MT. - gradient
--[ML'K-].T heat.
of
area -[LT 1.
- K-1.
[L²T =
Heat
mol x
1. Latent
(ii)
heat
temp. [Central
Schools17] Velocity
Area Force
Distance
1). formulae
X

of
2.23
the
 In
HINTS As
=
v
6.
8.
power ML'-T) physSameangular
ical FLT)
ML1
(1). uit gi
by ven th e the
aschosen
ary for dimensions& second, volume
[numerical angua
(torque (°viscosity
energy per
pressure
atmospheric
fundamenta ,p=
ML2 volume nete (i) bewould
.
acceleration
unit
a by per unit (1) (i)
-!ML2T (ii)(ei)T]()
ML?T-
(ii) Venergy is
(Ans.
Crossing unit angle which are
are
pthe given the
area (iv) or T
(ii)
moment
impulse
surface
of ML-b
(iv)
LT-2 per (iii)
coefficient
(iv) the
length per
Find unit -[L'T}. () acceleration
Dimensionless that what
?
c,
light
g=LT-2
(LT particles
is particles
per
particles for () constant.
show
then
has (T)
hconstant density
units
pressure.
momentum time
time x,. formulae(vi) -2
ofdimensions and particles 'roblems
For
Practice ML' T() and
velocity
of T22LT of34.unit "2 (,-)
n n
-) of L2T-1.L and force dimensions, quantities,
for
of n-D MLT
LT-1
C= 12
=

number
in
X,
number L2T-1
=[n]
number-x=position
x L3
angular
(iv)
of
the length
(L)
Planck's formula
have,
We
Solution. iX-axis
L=[Length] be D.
(n, of
dimensional
momerntum
(1) dimensions
(i) ML-! equal
(vi) [Ans. to hv.
the to constant |Ans.
are meant =number L modulus =
E fundamental
the The -X]=Hence (iii) of dimensional
If
33.andfind perpendicular
to As
n, ofx Solution.
and diffusion
D= =
n,
-
[D]=
velocity
Deduceangular Obtain volume
relation
use is thatthe (F),
the Showas
PHYSIExample
force
Example
1 auantities,
CS-Xggrnvity n,
values
where
n
Now
1, [x,
: 1.
bulk
By the
If
3. 4. 5.
fhe the 2.

charge 14]
funda and
g offorce. get
difference [AIPMT V=T-1
gravity we
(i) 2T1.
[-ML'A the
[-M'L'AT] dimensionsv,
heat,
conductivity, =1= offorulaetime
[M°ºT°1. [-ML²A-1T1 as
forcemass. to g=LT2T=y!
due
and2,
xHeattennperature
distance IMLTof
]K equivalent capacitance.
xCurrent
Acceleration p,g
andof Velocity the
dimensional Lql=[AT].
difference
Potential dimensions Time acceleration of
time Time
Force
x findML,terms M=pg'v,L=gv
Current MLA-IT-3 Velocity
-1
[FTV quantities,
6
thermal (iv) q=
ML'A-T3 velocity,
timex mechanicalMLT-2 T-2
ML? MLZT-2 Potential
Charge x
=Mass =
MassX
= T
in ].
2.L
MLT'.T.KWorkHeat resistance
Charge, WorkCharge AT AT the p, p and v
the A 32.Ifdensity
have MLT
2=
[Force]
lpg
of Areax Capacitance,
(iv) find
Taking =
[Mass] basic
Coefficient Find [V]= (iii)
Resistance, [C]=: Force Mass L
M, =
Joule's (iii)(i) (ii) V=
Potential, R= quantities, the We
|K]= 30. Solution. C 31. Solution.
for
are Solution.
K= potential Solving
Example Example v
Exarmple
frequency
2.24 (vi) (vi) mental
(ii)
or
 Voln mer Aimen

[E=ML8.
² 6. HINTS
momentum,
Angular 4. 3.
M'|LGT]= ProblemUsing
Impulse]= gravitational
g 7 A
Surface
tension Solving
=LTp AS Energy quantity. adenote frequency
dimensionless In surface Eind taking
M°
GE? [Force]
MLT =
Volume
Area Force
the quantities.
Calculate
the Energy
T, MLT2
the
lpl=[mv]=
MLTldimensions
getwe
6, M=puy
L=y,T=v for [i] = h= IE=
iv | 1UTL= per expression
energy tension velocity,
v.vv'.v=pypu' = M, = Pressure. = dimensions
MLTMT = V unit asv the

OT=[M'e, ML'T2
M³LT LT?M°MT=poi=pvól. = Force L MLT'L= constant,
and ML,
T
ÊM [M]=
x
ML'.T-2 volume
fundamental indimensions
mass
P= terms density
M, Length Force =pu'v. y!oftime
v=T1
T
in respectively.
M, terms =|MLTL) MLT! angular EI" of of
J= =py.v=pz L m°G;E,
quantities.
velocitylinear and
of
MLT-2 v,p-l)
(Ans.pu*
ML and of pu,puv)(Ans. force
frequency
T v, momentum
JEE momentum
T as =puv? .v and
p Show v,
Main density and UNITS
MEASUREMENTSAND
obtained m,
v, as
impulse
we Aug that and l o
get 21) isP and and and basic
in G
mainstudying 0sAPPLICATIONS 2.23OF having dimensionalconstants. variables.which dimensional
calledwhichdimensionless variables.which
categoriesbasis : the 222
units
andwhateve
magnitude units ofone 2.24
a
Tosystem 45. culled Mentort
sore4. 4. Examples. 3. Examples. 2.
volume,
Area, 1.Different basis 43.
n, of suitable 3. 2. 1.Applications Examples.
Examples.constants. have possess The ofCONSTANTS
to To To of Touses DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS Dimensionless possess Dimensionless
noThe Dimensional Dimensional
variables. How AND
DIFEFRENT
are convert cONVERSION
ANOTHER
How UNITSTO physical relation.
quantities. dimensions, of
measurement may another. units dimensional u dimensions no
the of of derive check convert of physical
dimnensions dimensions
types can
be example. can dimensional dimensions
units dimensions Angle,
corresponding the physical a a to ,
Gravitational we
a the
another. of e,
physical It physical to a physical phenomenon adimensional
etc. we ofclassify TYPES
system correctness analysis. upplications of are constants. specific variables. variables
of is another relationship called but and can Give ?
based
a of quantity OF analysis
and
constant, have have classify variables
physicalquantity quantity? ONE quantityFollowing on dimensionless have gravity, velocity,
force,
etc. examples
OF
numerical units. on Explain analysis. The variable
The variable and VARIABLES
of the
If from SYSTEM between : dimensional quantities
constant Planck's constantphysical physical quantities
physicalquantities
constants. and
quantity remains be a from basis strain, values
u the given values of
it
values, and fact one converted with
are
one dimensions of
The constants. constant, values
each
constants
the method quantities etc. quantities
are are into On
Qu,the systemthat OFdifferentphysical system analysis. type. 2.25
and are the called called
then from three etc. four the
same, are on
n,the the of help of
 UNTTS AND MEASUREMENTS

Example 37. In CGS-5 system, the value of Stefan's HINTS

Constant is =5.67x 10 erg s cm K, Find its value
in Sl units. Given 1 J =10 erg. 3. [Density] + M'L3
Solution. In CGS system, o=5.67 x10 5
scm-K The SI unit of work is joule. We have,
cm 102.
erg E
1 erg=10 Jand l 11cm
The value of Stefans constant in SI units is 1m
|1 kg
G= 5.67 x10 °[10 J]s|102m) 2K 4 lcrn 1-3
=5.67 x10x10x10 Js m 2 k 4 * 13,6 1000 g|| 100 crn
+13.6 x10
=5.67x 10s'nm 2K4
13.6g cn13.6 ×10 kgm3.
Example 38.Ifthe unit offorce is 1kN, unit of length 1kun Mt-2
andthe unit of tineis 100 s, what will be the unit of mass? 4. [Surface tension] -2

Solution. M= MLT2,T² FT2 1 =72 lg

L L 1kg
1000 Nx 10 s2 l04Ns2 18
=72 = 0.072
1000m 1000g
=104 K8 ms-22 72 dyne cmT= 0.072 Nm-1
-10* kg. ML-l-2
m 6. (Pressure]
roblems For Practice y106 12 T1cm = 105
1 kg m
1. Convert one dyne into newton. [Himachal 09] 10° dyne cm 10 Nm
(Ans, 1o-5 newton)
a5.67x10 smtK4
2. If the valueof universal gravitational constant in SI 5.67 x1010 erg s(100cm)² K+
is 6.6x1011 Nm² kg,then find its value in CGS 5.67x10T erg s cmK
[Himachal 09]
system.
(Ans. 6.6x10 dyne cm'g ) 8. [Work] - ML?T
-3
3. The density of mercury is 13.6 g cm in CGS kg 1m ls
system. Find its value in SI units. -100 0.5 min
(Ans. 13.6 x 10° kg m) 250 g 20 cm
-1 2i -2
4. The surface tension of water is 72 dyne cm 1000 g 100 cm 1s
Express it in SI units. (Ans. 0.072 Nm-) 30s
250g 20 cm
5. An electric bulb has a power of 500 W. Express it in 4 25 x 30 x 30 =9 x10° new units.
(Ans. 5 x 10 erg s) 1100
CGS units.
10° dyne (1) MLT 20 N (ii) MLT=200I
6. If the value of atmospheric pressure is10 Nm)
9.
cm.find its yalue in SI units. (Ans. +5 ms
() LT
Stefan's constant is 200
7. In SI units, the value of Dividing () by (i), L= =10 m
in CGS
m K Find its value 20
G= 5.67x 10 Js ²K4)
system. (Ans. 5.67 x10ergs tcm Putting the value of L in (i),
system which has 20 cm, 10T=5 or T=2s
8. Find the value of 100 Ion a fundamental units of
250 g and half minute as From (),
length, mass and time. (Ans. 9 x 10° new units) Mx10x(2)7 =20 or M=8 kg.
velocity are 20 N,
9. If the units of force, energy and length, mass and
2
1 min
200 J and 5 ms-,find the units of =36
1kg 1m
time. (Ans. 10m, 8kg, 2 s) 10.
1g lcm 1s
are taken as the funda
10. When 1 m, 1 kg and1min
-2

force is 36 units. 1000 g 100cm 60s

mental units, the magnitude of the 36 -10 dyne.
CGS system ? 1s
What will be the value of this force in 18 I cm
(Ans. 10 dyne)
 2.30. PHYSICS-XI

Solution. Since dimensionally similar quantities roblemsFor Practice

can be added or subtracted, therefore,
1. Test the dimensional consistency of
the
(P)= equations : () v= u+ at
(iii) v- = 2as
(i) s= ut +at following 1
Or
[a]=[PV 2]=[ML-lT-L= MLT2 (Ans. AIl relations are [Himachal 07C)
2. The viscous force "F dimensionally correct)
Also [b] =[V]= L'. acting on a small sphere of
The SI unit of a is kg m's and that of b is m. radius 'r' moving with velocity vthrough a liquid is
given by F=6znru. Calculate the dimensions of
Example 49. When white light travels through glass, the the coefficient of viscosity.
refractive index of glass (u =velocity of light in air/velocity (Ans. MLT 12
3. The distance covered by a
of light in glass) is found to vary with wavelength as particle in time t is given
by x =a + bt + ct + dt; find the dimensions of
l=A+
.Using the principle of homogeneity of dimensions, a, b, c and d. (Ans. L, LT, LT, LT
find the SI units in which the constants A and B must be 4. The critical velocity of the flow of a
expressed. liquid through a
pipe of radius r is given by , = Kn where pis the 13. C
Solution. Here u = Velocity of light in air rp
Velocity of light in glass density and n is the coefficient of viscosity of the
=adimensionless number liquid. Check if this relation is dimensionally
Correct.
(Ans. Correct) d
[A]=[u]=a dimensionless number 5. The rate of flow () of a liquid flowing
As
through a
pipe of radius r and a pressure gradient (P/) is - P

given by Poiseuille's equation : = HINTS

(B] =[AJ[]=1.L' -L? 8 n 1

Hence A, being
Check the dimensional consistency of this equation.
dimensionless, has no units and SI
unit of B is m'. (Ans. Correct)
6. Test if the tollowing equation is dimensionally correct:
Example 50. In the equation :y = asin(ot - k), t and x 2 Scos 0
stand for time and distance respectively. Obtain the h=
dimensional formula for o and k. rp8
Solution. An angle is a dimensionless quantity, where h = height, S=surface tension, p =density,
1 r= radius, and g=acceleration due to gravity.
[ot] = 1 or
[o]= 1 T1. (Ans. Correct)
[t
7. Find the dimensions of the quantity vin the
[kx]=1 or [k]=
1 1
rp (a - x') equation,
[x] L V=
21!
, where a is the radius and l is the
Example 51. Rule out or accept the following formnulae for length of the tube in which the fluid of coefficient of
kinetic energy on the basis of dimensional arguments : Viscosityn is flowing, x is the distance from the axis
3 1 of the tube and p is the pressure difference.
-my² (ii) 2mu+ ma [Central Schools 08]
16 (Ans. LT) He
Solution.
1
K.E. =-mu? 3. Find the dimensions of the quantity 4 fron
5. (V)
2
time
Dimensions of K.E. =[MLT-] expression : T= 2r , where T is the
|3Y4
period of a bar of length , mass mand Young's
3
(i) Dimensions of
16
-mu² =[MLT modulus Y. (Ans. L}

Thisformula is dimensionally acceptable for K.E. An artificial satellite of mass m is revolving in

circular orbit around a planet of Mandradius R.IF
the radius of the orbit of the satellite bei r,justifyby
1
(i)m²|2
+[ma]=[MT1+(MLT} the method of dimensions that the time period of
it is the satellite is given by : T=: 2tr
This formula cannot be accepted for K.E. as
dimensionally inhomogeneous. RV8
 UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS 2.31
10. Find the dimensions of (a x b) in the equation :
where E is energy, x is distance and t is 8. 4] 4? ML
E= at L
3YT? MLTlT2
time. (Ans. M-LT)
11. Find
the dimensions of (a/b) in the equation: 9.71-T
a-t2
P= T
where Piis pressure, r is distance and tis time.
Hence the relation is correct.
(Ans. MT-2) T2
of an oscillatirng drop of radius r,
12. Time period [bx]
density p and surface tension Sis : T= K. pr T2
Or
[b] [Pl[x]MLIT21 M-l 4
Check the correctness of the relation. [Himachal 041
(Ans. Correct) [a/b]= M-1T4 = MT-2
13 Out of formulae (1) y = asin 2rt /Tand (ii) y= asin vt
,/2
for the displacement y of particle undergoing a
certain periodic motion, rule out the wrong formula 12. [RHS] - IMLL
[MT1 =[T] =[LHS]
on dimensional grounds. (where a= maximum
Refer the answer of NCERT Exercise 2.14.
displacement of the particle, v= speed of the
particle, T= time period of motion). [Delhi 091
2.26 DEDUCING RELATION AMONG THE
HINTS
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
1. (i) [o =LT,[4= LT
[at] =LTTTLTH! 48. How can the method of dimensions be used to
deduce a relation among the physical quantities ? Explain
(ii) [sl = L, [ut] - LTTL it with the help of a suitable example.
1 To derive the relationship among physical
at=LT.T² L quantities. By making use of the homogeneity of
dimensions,we can derive an expression for a physical
(ii) [-[LTLT quantity if we know the various factors on which it
depends.
[2 aS]=LT,L-L² T2 Example. Let us derive an expression for the
centripetal force Facting on a particle of mass m
4. [v.]=critical velocity +LTTH moving with velocity vin a circle of radius r.
Let Fc n o' or F=Kn e .(1)
Kn 1. ML T = LT1
rp L.ML3 where K is a dimensionless constarnt. Writing the dimen
sions of various quantities in equation (1), we get
Hence the relation is correct.
5. [V]= Rate of flow of liquid
[MLT]=1 [MI' [LTIL
=Volume /Time LT or
M'LT= M'Lb+ oT
ML T-2, Comparing the dimensions of similar quantities on
-LT both sides, we get
8nl ML TL a=1
Hence the relation is correct. b+c= 1 Or c=1-b=1-2 =-1
6 [ =L -2 =-b Or b=2
2Scos e MT .1
LT2 From equation (1), weget
rpg LML my2
F=Kmy' =K
Hence the relation is correct.

7. [= [MLT).L?-L ML-T L| LT This is the required expression for the centripetal

MTT!
[ML- T.LI force.