Subject Teacher : Neeru Panchal
Chapter 2 Geography :
1. What are the three layers of the earth?
2. What is a rock?
3. Name three types of rocks.
4. How are extrusive and intrusive rocks formed?
5. What do you mean by a rock cycle?
6. What are the uses of rocks?
7. What are metamorphic rocks?
Answers:
1Three Layers of the Earth
1. Crust
2. Mantle
3. Core.
2. Rock
A mass of mineral matter that makes up the crust of the earth is called rock.
3 Three Types of Rocks
1. Igneous Rocks
2. Sedimentary Rocks
3. Metamorphic Rocks.
4 Formation of Extrusive and Intrusive Rocks
Due to extreme heat in the interior of the earth, rocks are found in the form of molten
material called magma.
When magma comes out on the surface of the earth, it cools down and turns into solid
rocks. Such rocks are termed as extrusive rocks.
Example: Basalt
When the molten magma cools down within the interior of the earth, it becomes solid to
form intrusive rocks.
Example:Granite.
5 Rock Cycle
Igneous rocks change into sedimentary rocks, igneous and sedimentary rocks under
heat and pressure change into metamorphic rocks, metamorphic rocks into igneous
rocks or sedimentary rocks due to melting or wearing down. This process is called the
rock cycle.
6 Uses of Rocks
1. Hard rocks are used in making buildings and barrages.
2. Houses and buildings are built of rocks (stones, slates, granite, marble).
3. Stones are used in numerous games:
4. Seven stones (phitthoo).
5. Hopscotch (stapu, kit).
6. Five stones (gitti).
7. Rocks (stones and slates) are used in building bridges, embankments.
Extra Questions
1 What is lava?
Answer:
Lava is the hot red magma coming out from the interior of the earth to the surface. It
cools down and become solid.
2 What are minerals? How are minerals important to us?
Answer:
Minerals:
1. Rocks are made up of different minerals.
2. Minerals are naturally occurring substances which have certain physical
properties and definite chemical composition.
3. Minerals are very important to us.
4. Some are used as fuels.
3What is the source of knowing of the layered structure of the earth?
Answer:
The layered structure of the earth has been known on the basis of variation in
temperature, pressure and the density of the material in the interior. The
behaviour in the earth quake shock waves travelling from the centre of their
origin in all directions has been much helpful to this end.
4 Describe the different layers of the earth.
Answer
The earth is made up of three concentric layers with one inside another—crust,
mantle and core.
1. Crust: It is the uppermost solid layer of the earth. It is the thinnest of all the
layers. It is about 35 km on the continental masses and only 5 km on the
ocean floor.
2. Mantle—Below the crust of the earth lies a very thick layer called the
mantle. It extends up to a depth of 2900 km below the crust. The main
elements of this layer are silicon and magnesium and is called sima.
3. Core—It is the innermost layer with a radius of about 3500 km. It is mainly
made up of nickel and iron and is called nife. The central core has very high
temperature and pressure.
5 Give example of all the three major forms of rocks?
Answer
1. Igneous-granite, basalt
2. Metamorphic rocks- marble, slate, graphite
3. Sedimentary- limestone, sandstone.
