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Lecture 2-11

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RAHUL Rathore
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7 views1 page

Lecture 2-11

Uploaded by

RAHUL Rathore
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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7.

Application Layer
The application layer is used by end-user software such as web browsers and email clients. It provides protocols that
allow software to send and receive information and present meaningful data to users. A few examples of application
layer protocols are the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Post Office Protocol (POP),
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), and Domain Name System (DNS).

6. Presentation Layer
The presentation layer prepares data for the application layer. It defines how two devices should encode, encrypt, and
compress data so it is received correctly on the other end. The presentation layer takes any data transmitted by the
application layer and prepares it for transmission over the session layer.

5. Session Layer
The session layer creates communication channels, called sessions, between devices. It is responsible for opening
sessions, ensuring they remain open and functional while data is being transferred, and closing them when
communication ends. The session layer can also set checkpoints during a data transfer—if the session is interrupted,
devices can resume data transfer from the last checkpoint.

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