Course: ENGLISH PHONOLOGY
Time Allotted: 60 minutes
Notes: No materials or dictionaries are allowed.
Students write their answers in the space provided in this test paper.
I. Provide the correct phoneme and description for the underlined part in each of the following words (5
points) [5 items]
Word Phoneme Description
e.g. teacher /t/ Voiceless alveolar plosive
cough
good
…..
II. State whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true statements and F for false
statements in the space provided. (10 points) 10 items]
1. _______ linking sound between ‘my’ and ‘eraser’ in the phrase ‘my eraser’ is /j/.
2. _______ The linking sound between ‘dogs’ and ‘and’ in the phrase ‘dogs and cats’ is /s/.
3. …….._
III. Transcribe the following words phonetically. (5 points) [5 items]
1. string [ ]
2. wealth [ ]
3. .... [ ]
IV. Analyze the structure of the following syllables. (5 points) [5 items]
No Word Onset Peak Coda
Pre- Initial Post- Pre- Final Post 1 Post 2 Post 3
Initial initial final
0. banks
1 scrolled
2 melt
…..
1
V. Transcribe the following phrases to show the phonological processes involved. Then name the
processes (10 points) [5 items]
e.g. Have to leave / h„ftə li:v / ASSIMILATION
1. That seat ______________________________________________
2. Try eating ______________________________________________
.....
VI. Give the intonation marks for the utterances in bold type based on the attitudes given. (5 points)
e.g. How many do you need? [5 items]
\ Twenty(Final)
1. Aren’t you coming, John?
I am coming (Certain)
2. Mary: Do you think we should go abroad?
Susan: yes. (strong feelings of approval)
………….
END OF TEST
2
Course: ENGLISH PHONOLOGY
I. Provide the correct phoneme and description for the underlined part in each of the following words (5
points) [5]
Word Phoneme Description
e.g. teacher /t/ Voiceless alveolar plosive
cough /f/ Voiceless labio-dental Fricative
good /ʊ/ High back rounded closed
II. State whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true statements and F for false
statements in the space provided. (10 points) [10 items]
1. T
2. F
III. Transcribe the following words phonetically. (5 points) [5 items]
1. string [ strɪ̃ ŋ ]
2. wealth [ weɫ̪ θ ]
IV. Analyze the structure of the following syllables. (5 points) [5 items]
No Word Onset Peak Coda
Pre- Initial Post- Pre- Final Post 1 Post 2 Post 3
Initial initial final
0. banks
1 scrolled s k r əʊ l d
2 melt m e l t
V. Transcribe the following phrases to show the phonological processes involved. Then name the processes
(10 points) [5 items]
1. That seat ðæs siˑt ASSIMILATION
2. Try eating traɪ‿ iˑtɪ̃ ŋ LINKING
j
Give the intonation marks for the utterances in bold type based on the attitudes given. (5 points) [5
items]
1. Aren’t you coming, John?
I am coming \ (Certain)
2. Mary: Do you think we should go abroad?
Susan: yes. /\ (strong feelings of approval)
1
By Dr. Trần Thị Thanh Diệu
DIACRITIC MARKS AND RULES FOR ALLOPHONE WITH PHONETIC TRANSSCRIPTION
No Diacritic Feature Case Example Rule
mark
1 ̥ - voiced, bdg Book [b̥ʊ̆k] [+ Voice + stop] /b d g /)become DEVOICED OR PARTIALLY
partially [ b̥ d̥ g̥ ] VOICED when syllable initial EXCEPT when preceeded by a voiced
voiced sound (two book)
2 ̥ - voiced, bdgvDzZ bud [b̥ʌd̥] [+ Voice + obstruent] /b d g v D z Z/) become DEVOICED OR
partially [ b̥ d̥ g̥ v̥ ð̥ PARTIALLY VOICED when syllable Final and before
voiced z̥ ʒ̥ ] a voiceless consonant) EXCEPT when followed by a voiced sound (add
these)
3 ʰ aspirated ptk Pen [pʰen] [+ voiced + stop] p t k are ASPIRATED when syllable initial
[ pʰ tʰ kʰ ]
4 ʼ unaspirrate [ pʰ tʰ kʰ ] Spend [+ voiced + stop] p t k become UNASPIRATED after /s/ at the
d [ pʰʼ tʰʼ kʰʼ ] [ spʰʼend̥] beginning of a syllable
5 ̴ Dark l: [ɫ] Spell [spʰʼeɫ] [+ lateral] l becomes VELARIZED = DARK l when after a vowel and
before another consonant or the end of a word
6 ̪ Light l [ l̪ ] Wealth Dark l become ALVEOLAR = LIGHT l again when followed by θ ð
beause of [wel̪θ]
influence
of θ ð
7 ʔ Glottal stop [ʔp ʔt ʔk] Tip [tiʔp] [-voiced] [+ stop] becomes GLOTTAL STOP + [-voiced] [+ stop]
when after a vowel & at the end of a syllable (not RP)
8 ̩ Syllablic [l̩ r̩ n̩ m̩ ŋ̩] Happen /pən / l r n m ŋ becomes syllabic consonant because of the elision of ə
consonant ʼhæpn̩
9 ˑ Vowel iː ɑː ɔː ɜː uː tiˑp iː ɑː ɔː ɜː uː are transcribed [iˑ ɑˑ ɔˑ ɜˑ uˑ] when SHORTENED by a
Shortened [iˑ ɑˑ ɔˑ ɜˑ uˑ] following fortis consonant (p t k)
10 ̆ Vowel ɪeæʌɒʊ Book [b̥ʊ̆k] ɪ e æ ʌ ɒ ʊ are transcribed [ɪ̆ ĕ æ̆ ʌ̆ ɒ̆ ʊ̆] when SHORTENED by a
Shortened [ɪ̆ ĕ æ̆ ʌ̆ ɒ̆ ʊ̆] following fortis consonant (p t k)
11 ̃ nasalized æ̃ ɪ̃ ̥ ̃ ̥ ]
Ban [ bæn [+ vowel] becomes NASAL (NASALIZED) before [+ nasal]
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