Mechanical Technology 2

Tutorial Questions 5
1. In an air turbine the air expands from 7 bar and 460°C to 1.012 bar. The heat loss from the
turbine can be assumed to be negligible, calculate the change of entropy per kg of air.
2. A fluid with molecular mass 44, undergoes polytropic compression from 4 bar, 0.3 m 3 to 0.08
m3 at 600o C according to the law, constant. Determine: (i) Change in enthalpy; (ii)
Change in internal energy; (iii) Change in entropy; (iv) Heat transfer; (v) Work transfer.
3. A quantity of gas (mean molecular weight 36.2) is compressed according to the law
constant, the initial pressure and volume being 1.03 bar and 0.98 m 3 respectively. The
temperature at the start of compression is 17°C and at the end it is 115°C. The amount of heat
rejected during compression is 3.78 kJ, Cp = 0.92. Calculate: (i) Value of n, (ii) Final pressure,
(iii) Change in entropy. [Ans. (i) 1.33; (ii) 1.107 bar; (iii) 0.228 kJ/kg K]
4. The work done by 0.07 kg of air when it expands according to constant is 7.6 kJ. The
temperature of air falls from an initial value of 105 C to a final value of 13 o C during the
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process. Determine: 1. the heat suppled or rejected by the air during the expansion: 2. the value
of index n: and 3. the change of entropy, stating whether this is an increase or decrease. [ take ɣ
= 1.4 and cV = 0.712 kJ/kg K]. [Ans. 3 KJ; 1.24; 0.00926 kJ/ k
(increases)]
5. A one kg of air at 1 bar and 15o C is compressed according to pv1.25 = constant to a pressure of
16 bar. Calculate the temperature at the end of the compression, the heat receives or rejected by
the air during the process and the change of entropy. Sketch the operation on the temperature-
entropy diagram. [ take Cp = 1.005kJ/kg K and Cv = 0.716 kJ/kg K] [Ans. 228.7 o C; 92.6 kJ
(rejected); 0. 21 kJ/k (decrease)]
6. Calculate the change of entropy when 1kg of air changes from a temperature of 550 K and a
volume of 0.14 m3 to a temperature of 330 k and a volume of 0.56 m 3. If the gas expands
according to the law constant, determine the value of the index n and the heat absorbed
or rejected by the air during the expansion: Show that it is approximately equal to the change of
entropy multiplied by the mean absolute temperature. [ Take R = 286 J/kg k, and Cv = 0.712
kJ/kg K]. [Ans. 1.365; 15.74 kJ]
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7. One kg of air at 1bar and 27 C is compressed isothermally to one-fifth the original volume. It
is then heated at constant volume to a condition such that isentropic expansion from that state
will return the system to the original state. Determine the pressure and temperature at the end
of constant volume heating. Represent the process on pressure-volume and temperature-
entropy diagrams, and find: 1. the change in entropy during each process: and 2. Net work done
during the cycle. [Ans. 9.518 bar, 571. 08 k; -0.46 kJ/K, 0.46 kJ/k, zero;
56.88 kJ]
8. Two moles of an ideal gas are carried around the thermodynamic path ABCDA in the figure
below. Here TD = 150 K, TAC = 300 K, TB = 600 K, and PA = 2.00 × 104 Pa, while PD = 1.00 ×
104 Pa. The volume VA = 0.250 m3, while VB = 0.500 m3. Find the work done, the heat lost or
absorbed, and the internal energy of the system for the thermodynamic paths (a) AB, (b) BC, (c)
CD, (d) DA, and (e) ABCDA.
Also, find the change in entropy of the system for the thermodynamic paths (a) AB, (b) BC, (c)
CD, (d) DA, and (e) ABCDA
9. A cylinder contains 0.114 m3 of gas at 104 kPa and 90o C. The gas is compressed according to
the law C to 0.0285 m3. The final pressure is 624 kPa. C V = 0.754 kJ/kg.K and CP =
1.05 kJ/kg.K. Calculate (a) the mass of gas in the cylinder (b) the value for the index of
compression (c) the final absolute temperature (d) the change in entropy.
10. 1.2 m3 of air is heated reversibly at constant pressure from 300 K to 600 K, and is then cooled
reversibly at constant volume back to initial temperature. If the initial pressure is 1 bar,
calculate: (i) The net heat flow (ii) The overall change in entropy.
11. A closed system contains air at a pressure 1 bar, temperature 300 K and volume 0.018 m 3. This
system undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of the following three process in series: (i)
Constant volume heat addition till pressure becomes 5 bar, (ii) Constant pressure cooling, and
(iii) I isothermal heating to initial state. Represent the cycle on T-s and p-V plots and evaluate
the change in entropy for each process. Take CV = 0.718 kJ/kg.K and R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K.

Entropy
Entropy in terms of volume and absolute temperature

[ ()
S2 −S1 =2. 3 m c v log
T2
T1
+ ( c p −c v ) log
( )]
v2
v1
Entropy in terms of pressure and absolute temperature

[ ()
S2 −S1 =2. 3 m c v log
T2
T1
+ ( c p −c v ) log

Entropy in terms of pressure and volume

( )]
p2
p1

[ ()
S2 −S1 =2. 3 m c v log
p2
p1
+ ( c p −c v ) log
( )]
v2
v1
Entropy change during a constant volume process (Isochoric Process)

( )
p2
S2 −S1 =2. 3 m c v log
p1
Entropy change during a constant pressure process (Isobaric Process)

( )
v2
S2 −S1 =2. 3 m c p log
v1
Entropy change during a constant temperature process (Isothermal Process)
 ( ) ( )
v2 v
S2 −S1 =2. 3 m R log =2 . 3 m ( c p −c v ) log 2
v1 v1

( ) ( )
p1 p
S2 −S1 =2. 3 m R log =2 .3 m ( c p −c v ) log 1
p2 p2
Entropy change during a polytropic process (pvn Process)

( )
v2
S2 −S1 =2. 3 m ( c p −n c v ) log
v1

( )
γ −n p
S2 −S1 =2. 3 m c v log 1
n p2

( )
γ −n T
S2 −S1 =2. 3 m c v log 1
n−1 T2