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Report 2 Intro

Stmt2

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Qiniso Mngomezulu
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36 views

Report 2 Intro

Stmt2

Uploaded by

Qiniso Mngomezulu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Report 2: slope and deflection

Introduction

The theoretical deflection is most easily found by applying strain energy


ideas. We know that slope is formed as the force is applied in the beam,
slope can give us deflection which can be in degrees or radians. Slope is a
way of measuring how two points differ in vertical distance relative to
horizontal distance as you move from left to right between them.
Deflection and slope varies with the type of loads and loads applied on the
beam. We basically know that maximum slope occurs at the ends of the
beam and a point of zero slope occurs at the center of the beam where
the load is applied at, at the center this is the point of maximum
deflection. Moment is positive for gravity loads. Shear and slope have
balanced + and - areas. Deflection is negative for gravity loads.

Deflection is the displacement of a beam from its original position due to


applied loads. It measures how much a beam bends under load. The slope
is also an angle of the tangent to the deflection curve at that point. It
indicates how steeply the beam is bending.

Slope can be denoted by Y and deflection denoted by ∅ .


2
d v
EI 2
=M ( x ), bending moment
dx
dv
EI =slope
dx
EI . Y =deflection

E is known as elasticity young’s modulus; I is the moment of inertia both I


and E are constant along the length of beam and their product is known as
flexural rigidity.

Methods for finding the slope and deflection of beam: -

 Double integration method


 Moment area method
 Macauly’s method

As discussed before there are various methods for calculating slope and
deflection of beam first is double integration method where we deal with
distributed load and then we have Macauly’s method which is most
efficient and easy to use. Macauly’s method is used when the beam is
subjected to a discontinuous load. The first integration yields the slope,
and the second integration gives the deflection. Slope and deflection
depend on load, shear and moment of which all of this is retrieved through
thorough integration. Altogether rely on what we call boundary conditions.

The longitudinal fibers of a simple beam are shortened above and


elongated below the neutral axis due to compressive and tensile
pressures, which causes the curvature to deflect from its initial position.
The material strains as a result of the top and bottom length changes due
to load apply. The top and bottom of a simple span under downward force
are squeezed and stretched, respectively. Corresponding stresses are
produced by the material strains. These stresses are related to the strains,
which are related to the variation in the length of the radial arcs of the
beam's "fibers," according to Hooke's Law. The elastic curve is the curved
form of a deflected beam.

References

1. Schroeder, Walter, “Beam Deflections,” Machine Design, p. 85-90,


January 1947.
2. Stephen, N.G., “Macaulay’s Method for a Timoshenko Beam,”
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, Vol. 35,
No.4, 2007.
3. Wittrick, W.H., “A Generalization of Macaulay’s Method with
Applications in Structural Mechanics,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 3, No.2,
February, 1965.
4. Macaulay, W.H., “note on the Deflection of Beams,” Messenger of
Mathematics, Vol.48, pp. 129-130, 1919.

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