POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT
1. i) Census-the actual count of all people living in a certain area
ii) Unemployment-the inability of people who are capable of willing to work
to get meaningful
iii) Mortality-the rate of death in every 1000 people
iv) Optimum population-the population level which is equal to the availability
resources
2. -Reduces per capita income
-Increased dependency ratio
-Reduces saving and investment
-Leads to unemployment and under employment
-Pressure on social amenities
-Inequitable distribution of income
-Leads to over exploitation of nature resources /environmental degradation
3. - High population growth rate
- Rural-to-urban migration
- Shortage of capital to start or expand industries
- Use of capital-intensive methods of production
- Inappropriate education system
- Low demand for goods and services hence low income for business
- Minimum wage laws
4. - Increased dependency ratio
- Reduced savings and investments
- High unemployment rates
- Straining of social amenities
- Straining of natural resources
- Increased rates of crimes and social evils
- Low standards of living/ poverty
5. - Changes in lifestyle where people prefer small families
- Political war
- Natural calamities
- High infant mortality rates
- Reduced fertility in women
6. - Increase in market demand for good services
Adequate labour supply
Inspired people to look for new markets
Encourage technological advancements
Enable export of talents
POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT
1. Circumstances under which a high population growth may be desirable
A large population provides increased market for goods and services
It creates a large pool f labour
It leads to maximum utilization of resource
It results to high consumption which encourages investment
Labour becomes cheaper
Encourages research and invention
Export promotion
For defensive purposes
2. Short comings of self employment
- Possible loss of invested funds
- Long hours of working
- Uncertain income
- Routine chores
3. Five implications of an ageing population in a country ;
Low labour supply/shortage of labour/manpower
High dependency burden-as many are 65 years and above or as economic
population-will shoulder a bigger burden
Strains on the availability resource to cater for the welfare of the aged e.g.
health and homes for the aged
Underdevelopment-where some resources are not fully exploited
Low standards of living/low per capita income since national income
spread over a large non-productive population
Production of consumer goods to meet need of the agents at the expense
of producer goods
Less progressive growth of the economy-as old people tend to be conser-
vative/resistant to change
Reduced labour mobility since most are weak and affected by old-age
diseases like diabetes ,high blood pressure etc
4. - To encourage employment creation in the private sectors ;
- By adopting policies which encourage the use of labour intensive methods of
production
- Improvement of the education system to make it more appropriate to the em-
ployment needs of
the economy
-By diversification of economic activities – workers can diversify their eco-
nomic activities in
order to take care of structural and seasonal unemployment
- Delocalization policy to establish industries in different parts of the country
- Use of government expenditure to increase size of the economy
- Attracting both foreign and domestic investment by creating an enabling en-
vironment
- Land reforms measures to stimulate economic activities in the agricultural
sector
- Promotion of self – employment in the formal (jua kali) sector through in-
centives e.g. credit
incentives, low taxes and subsidies
- Proper utilization of natural resources will create employment opportunities
for those
involved in their utilization
