2x

 1  .
Solve the equation 9 =  3 
x–1
1.

Working:

Answer:

......................................................................

(Total 4 marks)

3x–1 –2
2. Solve the equation 4 = 1.5625 × 10 .

Working:

Answer:

......................................................................

(Total 4 marks)

1
3. If loga 2 = x and loga 5 = y, find in terms of x and y, expressions for

(a) log2 5;

(b) loga 20.

Working:

Answers:

(a) ..................................................................

(b) ..................................................................

(Total 4 marks)

2
 P 
log10  
 QR 3 
4. Let log10P = x , log10Q = y and log10R = z. Express in terms of x , y and z.

Working:

Answer:

....................................................................

(Total 4 marks)

1
5. Solve the equation log9 81 + log9 9 + log9 3 = log9 x.

2
 Working:

Answer:

.......................................................................

(Total 4 marks)

6. Solve the equation log27 x = 1 – log27 (x – 0.4).

Working:

Answer:

......................................................................

(Total 6 marks)

3
7. Consider the following statements
x
A: log10 (10 ) > 0.

B: –0.5  cos (0.5x)  0.5.

π π
C: – 2  arctan x  2 .

(a) Determine which statements are true for all real numbers x. Write your answers (yes or
no) in the table below.

Statement (a) Is the statement true for all (b) If not true, example
real numbers x? (Yes/No)
A
B
C

(b) If a statement is not true for all x, complete the last column by giving an example of one
value of x for which the statement is false.

Working:

(Total 6 marks)

4
8. Given that log5 x = y, express each of the following in terms of y.

2
(a) log5 x

 1
 
(b) log5  x 

(c) log25 x

Working:

Answers:

(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(c) ..................................................................

(Total 6 marks)

5
9. Let p = log10 x, q = log10 y and r = log10 z.

 x 
 
 y2 z 
  in terms of p, q and r.
Write the expression log10

Working:

Answer:

…………………………………………..
(Total 6 marks)

10. Let a = log x, b = log y, and c = log z.

 x2 y 
 
 z3 
Write log   in terms of a, b and c.

Working:

Answer:

…………………………………………........
(Total 6 marks)

6
 2x (1–x)
11. Find the exact solution of the equation 9 = 27 .

Working:

Answer:

....……………………………………..........

(Total 6 marks)

12. (a) Given that log3 x – log3 (x – 5) = log3 A, express A in terms of x.

(b) Hence or otherwise, solve the equation log3 x – log3 (x – 5) = 1.

Working:

Answers:

(a) ..................................................................

(b) ..................................................................

(Total 6 marks)

7
13. (a) Let logc 3 = p and logc 5 = q. Find an expression in terms of p and q for

(i) log c 15;

(ii) log c 25.

1
(b) Find the value of d if log d 6 = 2 .

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(Total 6 marks)

8
14. Let ln a = p, ln b = q. Write the following expressions in terms of p and q.
3
(a) ln a b

 a
 
 b 
(b) ln  

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(Total 6 marks)

9
15. A population of bacteria is growing at the rate of 2.3% per minute. How long will it take for the
size of the population to double? Give your answer to the nearest minute.

Working:

Answer:

......................................................................

(Total 4 marks)

16. The diagram shows three graphs.

B
y
A

A is part of the graph of y = x.

x
B is part of the graph of y = 2 .

C is the reflection of graph B in line A.

10
Write down

(a) the equation of C in the form y =f (x);

(b) the coordinates of the point where C cuts the x-axis.

Working:

Answers:

(a) ..................................................................

(b) ..................................................................

(Total 4 marks)

11
17. A group of ten leopards is introduced into a game park. After t years the number of leopards, N,
0.4t
is modelled by N = 10 e .

(a) How many leopards are there after 2 years?

(b) How long will it take for the number of leopards to reach 100? Give your answers to an
appropriate degree of accuracy.

Give your answers to an appropriate degree of accuracy.

Working:

Answers:

(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................

(Total 4 marks)

12
18. Each year for the past five years the population of a certain country has increased at a steady
rate of 2.7% per annum. The present population is 15.2 million.

(a) What was the population one year ago?

(b) What was the population five years ago?

Working:

Answers:

(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................

(Total 4 marks)

19. $1000 is invested at 15% per annum interest, compounded monthly. Calculate the minimum
number of months required for the value of the investment to exceed $3000.

Working:

Answer:

......................................................................

(Total 6 marks)

13
20. The mass m kg of a radio-active substance at time t hours is given by
–0.2t
m = 4e .

(a) Write down the initial mass.

(b) The mass is reduced to 1.5 kg. How long does this take?

Working:

Answers:

(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

14
 0.05t
21. The population p of bacteria at time t is given by p = 100e .

Calculate

(a) the value of p when t = 0;

(b) the rate of increase of the population when t = 10.

Working:

Answers:

(a) …………………………………………..
(b) …………………………………………..
(Total 6 marks)

−0.3t
22. A machine was purchased for $10000. Its value V after t years is given by V =100000e . The
machine must be replaced at the end of the year in which its value drops below $1500.
Determine in how many years the machine will need to be replaced.

Working:

A nsw ers:

........................................................
(Total 6 marks)

15
 –x
23. Let f (x) = 6 sin x , and g (x) = 6e – 3 , for 0  x  2. The graph of f is shown on the diagram
below. There is a maximum value at B (0.5, b).
y
B

x
0 1 2

(a) Write down the value of b.

(b) On the same diagram, sketch the graph of g.

(c) Solve f (x) = g (x) , 0.5  x  1.5.

Working:

A nsw ers:

(a) .................................................
(b ) .................................................
(Total 6 marks)

16
24. Solve the following equations.

(a) ln (x + 2) = 3.
2x
(b) 10 = 500.

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(Total 6 marks)

25. Find the exact value of x in each of the following equations.

x+1
(a) 5 = 625

17
(b) loga (3x + 5) = 2

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(Total 6 marks)

18