Unit 6 Writing Workshop

Objectives
• Identify features of a
Expository Writing:
research report
• Prewrite using an outline
• Draft and revise a research
Research Report
report
• Proofread, publish, and
Read Like a Writer
present a research report Read the following passage and explain to students that this excerpt
Materials is an example of a research report. Ask students to listen for
• Unit Writing Transparencies ■ the main idea of the passage;
31–36
■ relevant facts and details that support the main idea;
■ examples of reliable sources used to write the passage;
Features of a ■ transition words that connect the author’s ideas.
Research Report
■ It presents information
from a variety of reliable The Inspiring Falls
sources and lists sources in a
bibliography. One of the most famous attractions in North America,
■ It introduces a main idea in an Niagara Falls, can be seen in Canada or the United States.
introductory paragraph and The mighty cataract lies on the border between Ontario
supports it with relevant facts and New York. According to Canadian and U.S. tourism
and details. Web sites, the Falls bring millions of visitors each year.
■ It uses transition words and

phrases, such as but, as a The section nearest the Canadian bank, known as
result, and finally, to connect Horseshoe Falls, is about 185 feet tall and spreads out
ideas.
■ It ends with a closing summary
2,200 feet across. The American Falls comes crashing
paragraph that draws a down at a similar height of about 190 feet. Although both
conclusion supported by the sections are awe-inspiring, American Falls is smaller at
research. 1,060 feet across.
According to a United States Geological Survey, nearly
one third of Horseshoe Falls lies within U.S. territory.
&-- Nevertheless, the best views of this section are from the
Canadian bank at Queen Victoria Park.
Model the Process
Choose a topic of interest.
Discuss and list categories
of information about the Discuss the Features
topic that students would
want to ask questions
After reading, discuss the following questions with students.
about. Then, with students’ ■ What is the main idea? (Niagara Falls shares a border with
help, create a KWL chart Canada and the United States.)
for the topic. Provide many
examples of questions for ■ What details does the author provide about both
students, since questions sections of Niagara Falls? (the height and width of each)
are difficult to create.
Encourage students to use ■ What sources were used? (Web sites and a geological survey)
the questions as models for ■ What transition words are used? (although, nevertheless)
writing their own questions.

787A
Prewrite
Set a Purpose and Know the Audience Explain that the
purpose of a research report is to inform the reader by Writing Topic
providing important information. Have students consider their Narrow your focus on
readers. Ask, How much do you think your audience will already a topic you would like
know about your topic? What do you think they’ll learn from you? to discover more about.
Gather information from
Choose a Topic Tell students that they will write a research
at least two reliable
report on a topic of interest. Have them complete a KWL chart
sources. Write a research
to gather information about their topic.
report. Remember to
Also invite students to self-select a report topic and to check include a main idea
their portfolios for any weekly writing assignments they may and at least three
wish to develop. supporting details. In a
concluding sentence,
Mini Lesson ORGANIZATION draw a conclusion
Display Transparency 31 and explain that together you will based on what you
follow Emmy K.’s progress as she develops her report. With have learned. Decide
students, point out the following details in Emmy K.’s outline: on an appropriate
organizational format
■ She writes her main idea in a topic sentence under the
and incorporate various
introduction.
expository structures
■ She organizes relevant facts and details from a variety of (compare and contrast,
reliable sources to support the main idea. cause and effect, etc.).
■ She draws a conclusion based on what she has learned.
Organize Ideas Ask students to create outlines to plan their
reports. Use Transparency 31 to demonstrate how to organize ideas. Transparency 31

7JI
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students clearly understand and can define what
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constitutes plagiarism. Then work with students
to organize an outline to present the information.
Unit Writing Transparency 31

Discovery 787B
Unit 6 Writing Workshop
Draft
Mini Lesson MAIN IDEA AND DETAILS
Display Transparency 32 and read it with students. As you
&-- discuss Emmy K.’s draft, point out the following features:
Categorize Information ■ When I read this draft, I notice that Emmy K. introduces in
Help students determine a the first paragraph her main idea that bats are amazing.
main idea for their research
reports. Call on volunteers
■ She provides important facts and details from her outline.
to share their topics. Ask ■ She uses transition words and phrases to connect ideas,
open-ended questions like such as but and a final contribution.
the following to help them
formulate ideas: ■ She draws a conclusion in the final paragraph.
• The most interesting thing Remind students Emmy K. will revise and proofread later.
about my topic is .
• One new thing I learned Review Your Outline Have students review their outlines
about my topic was . before they begin writing. Remind them to refer to their
• My topic is unique because prewriting plans regularly as they draft their research reports.
.
Write down their ideas and Write the Draft Remind students that the goal of drafting is
work together to create a to get ideas on paper and that they can revise and correct their
single topic sentence that work later. Share these tips as students begin to write:
expresses the main idea.
■ Write a strong introduction stating your main idea. Build a
solid middle supporting the idea. Write a concluding sentence.
■ Use your outline to organize the supporting facts and details.
Each Roman numeral can become its own paragraph.
■ Add transition words to connect ideas.
Transparency 32
■ Include a bibliography at the end to cite your sources.

7JI ■ Be sure to distinguish fact from opinion.
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Bibliography
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“Bats.” http://www.macmillanmh.com
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1999.
Unit Writing Transparency 32

787C
Revise
Mini Lesson WORD CHOICE
Display Transparency 33 and point out how Emmy K. revises a
good research report to make it excellent. &--
■ She adds the transition words in fact and actually to better Use Resource Materials
connect ideas. (Word Choice) If students need to add
facts and details as
■ She elaborates by adding a fact about how many mosquitoes they revise, help them
bats can eat. (Ideas and Content) identify appropriate key
words to use as search
■ She removes the words as a matter of fact because they
terms for their topics.
disrupt rather than connect ideas. (Word Choice) Guide students in using
Remind students that Emmy K. still needs to proofread to make key words to search the
Internet or an electronic
final corrections before she makes a clean copy of her writing. encyclopedia.
Guide students to think about the following writing traits as
they revise their research reports.
Ideas and Content Do you provide at least three supporting
details to explain main ideas? Do you include interesting facts
that readers might not know?
Organization Is the structure logical, with a clear beginning,
middle, and end? Does each paragraph support the topic of
your report? Do you draw a conclusion in your concluding
sentence?
Voice Can the reader sense your enthusiasm and knowledge
about the topic? Transparency 33

Word Choice Do your transition words help to connect
7JI

ideas? Pg 3[[g 9
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improve the flow of your sentences? Do you include a variety *O
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Unit Writing Transparency 33

Discovery 787D
Unit 6 Writing Workshop
Proofread
Mini Lesson CONVENTIONS
Have students read their Display Transparency 34. Point out Emmy K.’s corrections: She
research reports aloud and indented a paragraph, capitalized a proper noun, and added
present their visuals. Share
these strategies.
quotation marks. She used the adverb well to describe the
verb see. She removed the word never to correct the double
SPEAKING STRATEGIES negative. She corrected the spelling of harmful.
■ Speak clearly and pace Have students read and reread their reports to correct mistakes.
your presentation. Remind them to check spelling using tools such as print and
■ Emphasize key ideas electronic classroom resources including dictionaries. Review
by changing tone or proofreading marks on Teacher’s Resource Book page 152.
speaking slowly. Have students apply the marks as they proofread. Remind
■ Field questions from students to correct double negatives. Remind them to capitalize
listeners at the end. the names of continents, countries, states, cities, and counties.

LISTENING STRATEGIES >SS`@SdWSe

■ Maintain eye contact
to show you’re paying Think, Pair, Share Ask partners to proofread each other’s edited
attention. drafts. Tell them to check that more and most and
■
good and well are used correctly. Ask students
Listen for the main ideas.
to share how their partners helped.
Take notes if it helps you
stay on track.
■ Pose relevant questions
at the end without
TEACHER CONFERENCE
dominating the speaker.
As students finalize their reports, circulate and ask these
questions to foster self-assessment: Did you use at least two
Transparency 34
reliable sources? How did using transition words improve your

7JI report? Did you draw a conclusion in the final paragraph?
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Publish
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 0Oba TZg Pcb bVSg O`S \]b PW`Ra 0Oba O`S
*O
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Students can write or type a final copy of their reports. Remind
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TZg :WYS ]bVS` [O[[OZa POba VOdS VOW` C\ZWYS them to correctly form letters and use appropriate spacing
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XFMM margins. Suggest they create diagrams, maps, time lines,
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graphs, or other visuals to extend their writing. Have them
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mount their papers and visuals on posterboard. Encourage
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students to also consider publishing weekly writing.
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PRESENTATION
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Author’s Chair. Urge them to sit up tall as they read.
Unit Writing Transparency 34
787E
Test Strategy

Raising Scores Objective

• Revise a research report to
READ AND SCORE raise the writing score from
Display Transparency 35. Have students follow along as you a 2 to a 4
read the report. Then have students use the student rubric
on page 158 of the Teacher’s Resource Book to assess the
writing. Guide students to understand that this research report
is only a fair writing sample, which would score only a 2, and
they will work in groups to improve it. CREATE A RUBRIC

RAISE THE SCORE Distribute copies of the blank

rubric form on page 159 or 160 in
Point out the following shortfalls in the writing sample: the Teacher’s Resource Book.
Remind students that a rubric for
Ideas and Content The writer tells about hummingbirds but a research report should assess
does not write a main idea to guide the report. whether the report presents
a main idea and supports it
Organization Two different details, flying and feeding, are with facts and details, includes
information from a variety of
oddly lumped together in the third paragraph. Also, the writer resources, uses transition words
does not draw a conclusion based on the facts at the end. to connect ideas, and draws a
thoughtful conclusion. Students
Word Choice The writer does not use transition words, making should use the following four
levels to assess writing: Excellent,
the ideas seem random and disconnected. Good, Fair, and Unsatisfactory.
Have them discuss and use the
Ask groups to revise the report to raise the score. Remind them rubrics to evaluate their writing.
to refer to the student rubric and to apply the writing skills
they learned in this unit.

SHARE AND COMPARE

Ask groups to share their revised versions, explaining how they Transparency 36
improved the writing. Then display Transparency 36 to show
KCC?D=8?H:I
the same research report written at an excellent level. Have Pg B`OQg E
each group compare its revised version with the transparency.  1O\ g]c W[OUW\S O PW`R bVOb eSWUVa ZSaa
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<]b OZZ Vc[[W\UPW`Ra O`S Oa a[OZZ Oa bVS PSS
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research reports they wrote and raise their scores. Vc[[W\UPW`R QO\ []dS Wba eW\Ua TOabS` bVO\ bVS
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a][SROg g]c¸ZZ aSS ]\S

Unit Writing Transparency 36

Discovery 787F
Unit 6 Writing Workshop
4-Point Rubric
Use this four-point rubric to assess student writing.

1PSUGPMJP SCORING RUBRIC FOR EXPOSITORY WRITING: RESEARCH REPORT

4 Excellent 3 Good 2 Fair 1 Unsatisfactory
Encourage students who
Ideas and Content Ideas and Content Ideas and Content Ideas and Content
are pleased with their work
Conveys a main idea Introduces a main idea Attempts to convey Does not summarize
to add their published supported by well- and supports it with information about a information about the
research reports to their researched information solid research of facts topic but lacks a main topic; writes opinions
portfolios. Have students with many details from a variety of sources idea; shows some details rather than facts
write an evaluation to add Organization An Organization Organization Organization Lacks
to the portfolio. Tell them inviting introduction Effectively introduces Introduction lacks a a clear beginning;
to explain why they think and careful transitions the topic; each main idea; paragraphs details and ideas are
this writing piece belongs move the reader along; paragraph works to are mostly on topic; disorganized; report
in their portfolio. Remind draws a new and support the main idea; attempts to draw a ends abruptly with no
thoughtful conclusion draws a conclusion conclusion conclusion
students that portfolios
should contain more than Voice Shows originality Voice Shows Voice Demonstrates Voice Shows little
just finished work. Have in thought and a involvement in and familiarity with the topic knowledge or
them jot down ideas for thorough knowledge knowledge of the topic; but is not fully involved; involvement with the
future writing assignments of topic; personal tone attempts to convey a does not reflect a topic; does not convey a
encourages interest personal tone unique perspective personal voice or style
or tell what they learned
about research reports to Word Choice Carefully Word Choice Includes Word Choice Word Choice Rarely
include in their portfolios. chooses accurate and some specific Occasionally uses uses exact language;
They can even select a precise language to vocabulary related specific vocabulary but does not include
convey information; to the topic; achieves relies mostly on passive transition words; some
composition for publication, transition words are connections through and mundane language; words are so vague that
justifying their rationale for used effectively transition words lacks transition words meaning is unclear
the selection.
Sentence Fluency Sentence Fluency Sentence Fluency Sentence Fluency
Crafts fluid simple and Crafts careful, easy-to- Sentences are limited Constructs incomplete,
complex sentences that follow sentences with a in length and patterns; rambling sentences;
facilitate understanding; variety of lengths; most unnecessary words unnecessary words
all words contribute to a words contribute to easy make some sentences clutter text, making it
natural sentence flow sentence flow sound awkward difficult to read

Conventions Is Conventions Small Conventions Makes Conventions Errors in

skilled in most writing errors in spelling, enough noticeable spelling, capitalization,
conventions; paragraphs capitalization, errors to interfere with punctuation, and usage
are placed correctly; punctuation, and usage a smooth reading interfere with readability
needs little editing do not interfere with of the report; needs and comprehension
reading substantial editing

Presentation Text is Presentation Presentation Text is Presentation Text is

easy to read, whether Handwriting or word- somewhat difficult to difficult to follow due to
handwritten or word- processing is readable; read; formatting or inconsistently formed
processed; formatting formatting supports the spacing is erratic letters; formatting
enhances the message message impedes reader

787G
6-Point Rubric
Use this six-point rubric to assess student writing.

SCORING RUBRIC FOR EXPOSITORY WRITING: RESEARCH REPORT

6 Exceptional 5 Excellent 4 Good 3 Fair 2 Poor 1 Unsatisfactory
Ideas and Content Ideas and Content Ideas and Content Ideas and Content Ideas and Content Ideas and Content
Presents accurate, Devises a focused, Presents a main idea Attempts to convey Provides superficial Does not summarize
richly detailed detailed report with supported by many information about a information with no information about the
information from a well-researched facts and details from topic but lacks a main main idea; details topic; writes opinions
variety of sources; information; at least two sources idea; provides some are few, repeated, or rather than facts;
shares fresh insights makes some fresh details and facts from inaccurate; facts are does not use outside
and observations in observations to limited sources based on personal sources
relation to main idea support main idea knowledge rather than
sources

Organization Organization Organization Organization Organization Lacks Organization Lacks

Innovative opening Introduces the main Effectively introduces Introduction does a clear introduction a clear beginning;
engagingly introduces idea in an inviting the topic; writes each not create interest; and structure; ideas details and ideas are
the topic and main idea; way; links ideas with paragraph to support paragraphs are mostly are disconnected; final disorganized; report
smooth transitions lead effective transitions; the main idea; uses on topic but are paragraph summarizes ends abruptly with no
the reader through the draws a new some transitions; disconnected; draws a details rather than conclusion
text; draws a unique conclusion based on draws a reasonable predictable conclusion draws a conclusion
and thought-provoking the facts conclusion
conclusion

Voice Speaks to the Voice Shows deep Voice Shows Voice Is not fully Voice Lacks Voice Shows little
reader in an original involvement with and knowledge of and engaged or involved knowledge of or knowledge of or
and compelling way; thorough knowledge involvement with with topic; information involvement with the involvement with the
shows deep personal of the topic; speaks the topic; attempts does not reflect a topic and audience; topic; does not convey
knowledge of and directly to the reader to convey a personal unique perspective writing gives little a personal voice or
involvement with the tone to the reader sense of who is behind style
topic the words

Word Choice Expert Word Choice Carefully Word Choice Includes Word Choice Uses Word Choice Use of Word Choice Rarely
use of specialized chooses accurate and some specific some specific imprecise or inaccurate uses exact language;
vocabulary adds precise language to vocabulary related vocabulary but relies language creates some words are so
interest to the facts; convey information; to the topic; uses mostly on passive and confusion; shows little vague that meaning is
transition words link includes accurate and a variety of words mundane language; attempt to link ideas difficult to construe;
ideas creatively and varied transition words that fit the purpose; repeats transition through transition does not attempt to
effectively includes transition words or uses them words use transition words
words to link ideas inaccurately

Sentence Fluency Sentence Fluency Sentence Fluency Sentence Fluency Sentence Fluency Sentence Fluency
Crafts varied, creative Crafts fluid simple and Crafts careful, easy-to- Sentences are limited Unnecessary Constructs incomplete,
sentences with an complex sentences follow sentences with in length and patterns; words make most rambling, or confusing
easy flow and natural that vary in length and a variety of lengths; unnecessary words sentences awkward or sentences; sentences
rhythm and a range structure and have a most words contribute make some sentences choppy; patterns are show little variety;
of beginnings and variety of beginnings to smooth sentence sound awkward or monotonous; text is unnecessary words
endings and patterns flow choppy hard to follow clutter most sentences

Conventions Is Conventions Is Conventions Makes Conventions Conventions Frequent Conventions Errors in

skilled in most writing skilled in most small errors in Noticeable errors errors in spelling, spelling, capitalization,
conventions; proper writing conventions; spelling, capitalization, interfere with a capitalization, punctuation, and
use of the rules of paragraphs are placed punctuation, and smooth reading of the punctuation, and usage make the text
English enhances the correctly; needs little usage that do not text; needs substantial usage make the text difficult or impossible
information; needs editing interfere with reading editing hard to read; needs to understand
little editing the text extensive editing

Presentation Text Presentation Text is Presentation Presentation Text is Presentation Presentation Text
form, whether easy to read, whether Handwriting or word- somewhat difficult to Handwriting or is difficult to follow
handwritten or word- handwritten or word- processing is readable; read; formatting or word-processing is due to irregular or
processed, enhances processed; formatting is formatting and spacing spacing is erratic inconsistent or incorrect; inconsistently formed
readability inviting to the reader are mostly consistent spacing or other letters; formatting
formatting is confusing impedes the reader

Discovery 787H
 Theme: Discovery
Unit 6 Computer Literacy
Objectives
Adding to a
• Improve a media presentation
• Insert clip art and text into a
slide show presentation
Presentation
Materials ACCESS PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
• www.macmillanmh.com Discuss with students:
• presentation application
such as Microsoft PowerPoint
■ When you present information to other people, what are some
different ways to capture their attention?
■ What are some topics that would make a good media
presentation?
D]QOPcZO`g
EXPLAIN
presentation a show given for
an audience Introduce the lesson vocabulary by writing each word on the board
slide show a series of pictures
and asking for a definition.
meant to display information ■ Have students think about how they can make a presentation
given in a certain order
more interesting.
multimedia the use of more
than one text, sound, video, and ■ Tell them that inserting clip art is just one of many ways to
graphic source in a computer improve a presentation like a slide show.
program
MODEL
■ Show students how to open a slide show presentation.

■ Show students how to use a search engine to find clip art that can
be used in a presentation. To show students examples of clip art,
go to http://www.teacherfiles.com/clipart.htm.
■ Show how to save clip art and insert it into a slide show.

Multimedia Presentations
■ A multimedia project uses a combination of text,
audio, video, and graphic files.
■ Multimedia projects can be used for a variety of purposes.
■ Creating a multimedia project is an effective way to
communicate large amounts of information and ideas
to an audience in an interesting way.

787I
 Unit 6 Computer Literacy
GUIDED PRACTICE
Have students connect to www.macmillanmh.com and go to Computer
Literacy Lesson Grade 4 Unit 6.

Remind students to
get permission before
downloading any type of
file. Failing to doing so
can result in accidentally
downloading a virus, which
could be harmful to the
computer.

The online practice lesson is an excerpt from SRA TechKnowledge.

For more information about the full SRA TechKnowledge program, go
to www.sratechknowledge.com.

Approaching On Level Beyond Level

Have students search the Have students search the Have students search the
Internet for clip art related Internet for clip art related Internet for clip art related
to a recent discovery in the to a recent discovery in the to a recent discovery in the
news, such as cloning or the news. Have them save the news and create a slide
Mars Rover. Have them save images they find and create show presentation. Have
the images to the computer a slide show presentation them combine this with
desktop. for the class. audio or video files and
present their multimedia
presentation to the class.

Discovery 787J
 Theme: Discovery
Unit 6 Closer
Theme Project Wrap-Up
Research and Inquiry
After students complete Step 4, have them:

Create the Presentation Have students share

what they have learned about their discovery in an oral report
with accompanying visuals. Their informational presentations
should include relevant facts, details, examples, quotations,
statistics, and anecdotes to clarify ideas. Help students use
compare and contrast, cause and effect, and problem and
solution formats to present their information.
Tell students to make note cards to use when they give
their reports. Remind them to adjust their pacing and content to suit
the audience, setting, and purpose.

Review and Evaluate Use these questions to help you and

students evaluate their research and presentation.

Teacher Checklist
Research Process
Planning the Project Doing the Project
✔ Participated in identifying ✔ Used print and technology to Student Checklist
discoveries. gather information. Research Process
✔ Completed a graphic ✔ Evaluated sources for ✔ Did you make a graphic organizer
organizer. credibility. to narrow your topic?
✔ Identified credible Web sites. ✔ Organized information. ✔ Did you research using print or
electronic sources?
Presentation ✔ Were your sources reliable?
Speaking Representing
Presenting
✔ Demonstrated effective ✔ Presented material in one of Speaking
verbal and nonverbal three recommended formats. ✔ Could you answer the audience’s
communication. ✔ Visuals helped organize data. questions?
✔ Responded to questions with ✔ Visuals treated or elaborated ✔ Did you use effective verbal and
appropriate information. on main ideas. nonverbal communication?
✔ Did your answers address the
Listener audience’s questions?

✔ Listened actively. ✔ Made inferences. Representing

✔ Asked focused questions. ✔ Connected ideas to those of a ✔ Did your presentation include
visuals, and did they show
✔ Took notes. speaker. something important about the
discovery?

787K
 Unit 6 Closer
SCORING RUBRIC FOR THEME PROJECT
4 Excellent 3 Good 2 Fair 1 Unsatisfactory
The student: The student: The student: The student:
• Presents the • Presents the • Struggles to present • May not grasp the
information in a clear information in a fairly the information task.
and interesting way. clear way. clearly. • May present sketchy
• Uses visuals • Uses visuals that • May use few, adequate information in a
that effectively present relevant visuals. disorganized way.
present important information. • May offer irrelevant • May have extreme
information. • May offer thoughtful reflections. difficulty with
• May offer reflections. research.
sophisticated
reflections.

Home-School Connection
Discovery Day provides an excellent opportunity for home and
community involvement.
■ Invite family members, other students, and members of the

community to the presentation of the projects. Introduce each

guest by name and relationship to the school community.
■ Videotape the presentations for family members to borrow or to
show at the parent/teacher conferences.
■ As part of your character building feature, have students present
their project to the whole grade or school or to a community
organization. Be sure to include a question-and-answer period to
clarify and interpret the performance.
■ Make sure students adjust their language content to their
audience and purpose.
■ Have the class write a collaborative thank-you letter. Be sure they
respect the age, gender, social position, and cultural traditions of
the recipients.

Discovery 787L
End-of-Unit Assessment
Administer the Test Using Multiple
Assessments for
UNIT 6 READING ASSESSMENT, pp. 99–114
Instructional Planning
TESTED SKILLS AND STRATEGIES
• Strategies: Analyze Story Structure, Monitor To create instructional profiles for your students,
Comprehension, Analyze Text Structure look for patterns in the results from any of the
• Skills: Cause and Effect, Theme, Make following assessments.
Generalizations, Author’s Perspective,
Description Fluency Assessment (SBEFT


VOCABULARY STRATEGIES
Plan appropriate fluency-
• Context Clues building activities and practice 4ZcS\Qg
• Word Parts /aaSaa[S\b
to help all students achieve the
TEXT FEATURES AND STUDY SKILLS following fluency goal: 113–133
• Time Lines WCPM.
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• Advertisements
• Functional Documents
GRAMMAR, MECHANICS, USAGE Running Records (SBEFT
,

• Adverbs Use the instructional reading

• Negatives and correcting double negatives level determined by the @c\\W\U
@SQ]`Ra
• Prepositions and prepositional phrases Running Record calculations for à  €Ã
“wy

• Adjectives vs. adverbs regrouping decisions. t

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• Punctuation .BDNJMMBO.D(SBX)JMM

• Capitalization
• Commas Benchmark Assessment (SBEF


• End marks Administer tests three times a

WRITING year as an additional measure of C\WbO\R
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• Research Report both student progress and the /aaSaa[S\b
effectiveness of the instructional
program.
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12
Assessment Tool
■ Administer the Unit Assessment electronically.
■ Score all tests electronically.
■ Available online or on CD-ROM.

787M
 End-of-Unit Assessment
Analyze the Data
Use information from a variety of informal and formal assessments, as well as your own judgment,
to assist in your instructional planning. Students who consistently score at the lowest end of each
range should be evaluated for Intervention. Use the Diagnostic Assessment in the Intervention
Teacher’s Edition.

Diagnose Prescribe
ASSESSMENTS IF… THEN…
UNIT TEST 0–23 questions Reteach tested skills using the Additional
correct Lessons (pp. T1–T12).

FLUENCY ASSESSMENT
Oral Reading Fluency 7=
C2 1

2
/
109–112 WCPM Fluency Solutions
0–108 WCPM Evaluate for Intervention.

RUNNING RECORDS Level 40 or below Reteach comprehension skills using the

Additional Lessons (pp. T1–T5).
Provide additional Fluency activities.

Discovery 787N
Glossary
Introduce students to the Glossary by reading through the introduction and looking
over the pages with them. Encourage the class to talk about what they see.
Words in a glossary, like words in a dictionary, are listed in alphabetical order.
Point out the guide words at the top of each page that tell the first and last words
appearing on that page.

ENTRIES
Point out examples of main entries, or entry words, and entries. Read through a
sample entry with the class, identifying each part. Have children note the order in
which information is given: entry word(s), syllable division, pronunciation respelling,
part of speech, definition(s), example sentence(s).
Note if more than one definition is given for a word, the definitions are numbered. Note
the format used for a word that is more than one part of speech.
Review the parts of speech by identifying each in a sentence:

Inter. article n. conj. adj. n.

Wow! A dictionary and useful glossary

v. adv. pron. prep. n.

tell almost everything about words!

HOMOGRAPHS/HOMOPHONES/HOMONYMS
Point out that some entries are for multiple-meaning words called homographs.
Homographs have the same spellings but have different origins and meanings, and,
in some cases, different pronunciations.
Explain that students should not confuse homographs with homophones or
homonyms. Homophones are words that have the same pronunciation but
have different spellings and meanings. Homonyms are words that have the same
pronunciation and spelling but have different meanings. Provide students with
examples.

PRONUNCIATION KEY
Explain the use of the pronunciation key (either the short key, at the bottom of every
other page, or the long key, at the beginning of the Glossary). Demonstrate the
difference between primary stress and secondary stress by pronouncing a word with
both. Pronounce the words both correctly and incorrectly to give students a clearer
understanding of the proper pronunciations.

WORD HISTORY
The Word History feature explains the etymology of select words. Explain that
etymology is the history of a word from its origin to its present form. A word’s etymology
explains which language it comes from and what changes have occurred in its spelling
and/or meaning. Many English words are derivatives of words from other languages, such
as Latin or Greek. Derivatives are formed from base or root words.

787O
 abruptly/annoyed
Guide Words
First word on the page Last word on the page

Glossary
Sample Entry
Pronunciation Part of Speech

What Is a Glossary? Main entry &

A glossary can help you find the meanings of words in this

Syllable division
Definition
a•brupt•ly (ә brupt lē) adverb.
Happening without warning. Ben Example sentence
book that you may not know. The words in the glossary are abruptly dropped the hot potato
listed in alphabetical order. Guide words at the top of each onto the floor.
page tell you the first and last words on the page.

Each word is divided into syllables. The way to pronounce

the word is given next. You can understand the pronunciation
respelling by using the pronunciation key at the right. A Pronunciation Key
shorter key appears at the bottom of every other page.
0HONETIC 0HONETIC
When a word has more than one syllable, a dark accent mark 3PELLING %XAMPLES
3PELLING %XAMPLES
(´) shows which syllable is stressed. In some words, a light D DEAR SODA BAD
A AT BAD PLAID LAUGH
accent mark (´) shows which syllable has a less heavy stress. Õ APE PAIN DAY BREAK F FIVE DEFEND LEAF OFF COUGH
Sometimes an entry includes a second meaning for the word. ² FATHER CALM ELEPHANT
±R CARE PAIR BEAR THEIR WHERE G GAME AGO FOG EGG
E END PET SAID HEAVEN FRIEND H HAT AHEAD
Ö EQUAL ME FEET TEAM PIECE KEY HW WHITE WHETHER WHICH
I IT BIG GIVE HYMN J JOKE ENJOY GEM PAGE EDGE
Û ICE FINE LIE MY K KITE BAKERY SEEK TACK CAT
¼R EAR DEER HERE PIERCE L LID SAILOR FEEL BALL ALLOW
O ODD HOT WATCH M MAN FAMILY DREAM
ß OLD OAT TOE LOW N NOT FINAL PAN KNIFE GNAW
Á COFFEE ALL TAUGHT LAW FOUGHT NG LONG SINGER
ÁR ORDER FORK HORSE STORY POUR P PAIL REPAIR SOAP HAPPY
OI OIL TOY R RIDE PARENT WEAR MORE MARRY
OU OUT NOW BOUGH S SIT ASIDE PETS CENT PASS
U UP MUD LOVE DOUBLE SH SHOE WASHER FISH MISSION NATION
â USE MULE CUE FEUD FEW T TAG PRETEND FAT DRESSED
Ç RULE TRUE FOOD FRUIT TH THIN PANTHER BOTH
Å PUT WOOD SHOULD LOOK × THESE MOTHER SMOOTH
ÆR BURN HURRY TERM BIRD WORD V VERY FAVOR WAVE
COURAGE W WET WEATHER REWARD
 ABOUT TAKEN PENCIL LEMON CIRCUS Y YES ONION
B BAT ABOVE JOB Z ZOO LAZY JAZZ ROSE DOGS HOUSES
CH CHIN SUCH MATCH ZH VISION TREASURE SEIZURE

788 789

accessories/annoyed apologize/astronomer

Aa
al · ler · gies (al´әr jēz) plural noun. a·pol·o·gize (ә pol´ә jīz´) verb. To say as·tro·naut (as´trә nôt´) noun. A person
Conditions that cause a person to one is sorry or embarrassed; make trained to fly in a spacecraft. The
have an unpleasant reaction to certain an apology. Aaron said, “I’d like to astronaut will walk on the moon.
ac· ces · so · ries (ak ses´ә rēz) plural noun. things that are harmless to most apologize for being late.”
Extra parts or add-ons that are useful people. My aunt has allergies in the
ap·plaud·ed (ә plôd´ә d) verb. Showed Word History
but not essential. We bought several spring when plants bloom.
approval for or enjoyment of Astronaut is made from the Greek
accessories for our new car. a · maze · ment (ә māz´mәnt) noun. Great something by the clapping of hands. words astron for star and nautēs
ac·com·plish·ments (ә kom´plish mәnts) surprise or wonder. To the amazement The crowd applauded the soldiers as for sailor (as in nautical).
plural noun. Successes; actions of of the audience, the children played they came off the ship.
which one can feel proud. The parents some difficult music perfectly.
as·tron·o·mer (ә stron´ә mә r) noun. A
stood and applauded their children’s am · bu · lance (am´byә lәns) noun. A person who works or specializes in
accomplishments at their elementary special vehicle that is used to carry astronomy, the science that deals with
school graduation. sick or injured people to a hospital. the sun, moon, stars, planets, and
ac· cuse (ә kūz´) verb. To say that a person My neighbor once had to call an other heavenly bodies. An astronomer
has done something wrong or illegal. I ambulance to take him to the hospital. will speak at the next science fair.
will not accuse someone of something an · ces · tors (an´ses tәrz) plural noun.
unless I am sure. People in the past from whom one
ac· quaint · ance (ә kwān´tәns) noun. A comes. Your great-grandparents are
some of your ancestors. ap·pre·ci·at·ed (ә prē´shē āt´ә d) verb.
person one knows, but who is not a
Understood the value of; was grateful
close friend. Carole is an acquaintance an · cient (ān´shәnt) adjective. Very old. for something. The boss appreciated
from camp. An ancient castle sat on the edge of how much his workers did for the
ac· ti · vist (ak´tә vist) noun. A person who a lake. company.
believes in and actively supports a
as·sign·ments (ә sīn´mә nts) plural noun.
cause. Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.,
Tasks that are given out or assigned.
was an activist for peace and social
The teacher gave us two math
justice.
assignments for homework.
ad · vanced (ad vanst´) adjective. Beyond
·
as·sured (ә shurd´) verb. Made certain
the beginning level; not elementary.
or sure. Our hard work assured the
As a singer, Sheila was really advanced
success of the festival.
for her age.

ag · ile (aj´әl) adjective. Able to move and an·noyed (ә noid´) adjective. Bothered or
react quickly and easily. Bonita is an disturbed. Kevin looked annoyed when
agile softball player. his little sister came out to join the game.

790 791

Glossary 787P
 audition/blizzard bluffing/casting
Glossary
Cc
au · di · tion (ô dish´әn) noun. A test or ba · yous (bī´ūz) plural noun. Slow-moving bluf · fing (bluf´ing) verb. Trying to
try-out for an actor or other kind of or stagnant streams, rivers, or inlets, fool people with a false show of
performer. Mariana was nervous about especially in the southern United confidence, courage, or knowledge.
her audition, but she played very well. States. We canoed through many quiet Rory said he could fly, but I knew he cam · ou · flage (kam´ә fläzh´) verb. To hide
bayous during our trip. was bluffing. or conceal by using shapes or colors
Word History bor · der (bôr´dәr) noun. A line between that blend with the surroundings. The
one country, state, county, or town chameleon is able to camouflage itself
Audition is formed from the Latin
and another. A river runs along the by changing the color of its skin.
auditio, which means “a hearing.”
border between the two states.

a · void · ed (ә void´әd) verb. Stayed away boy · cotts (boi´kots) plural noun. Protests
from. Butch avoided doing hard work. in which people refuse to buy from or
work for a person, nation, or business.
awk·ward (ôk´wәrd) adjective. Lacking The community plans boycotts of all
grace in movement or behavior; clumsy the unfair businesses.
or uncomfortable. Until Julio learned
the steps, his dancing was awkward.
Word History

Bb bliz·zard (bliz´әrd) noun. A strong

windstorm marked by intense cold and
blowing snow. No one should try to
Boycotts comes from Charles
Boycott who was shunned by
Irish farmers for his harsh actions
card · board (kärd´bôrd´) noun. A heavy,
stiff paper used to make boxes and
back· ground (bak´ground) noun. The part drive in a blizzard. posters. I like to store my small toys in
against them.
of a picture that appears to be behind shoe boxes made of cardboard.
the rest. I painted a bright figure
against a dark background. brit · tle (brit´әl) adjective. Likely to break ca · reer (kә´rîr´) noun. A job or occupation
or snap. Susan’s fingernails became pursued for all or part of someone’s
bar · be · cue (bär´bi kū´) noun. A meal, life. My grandmother’s career as a
brittle and started to break.
usually meat, cooked outdoors over an research biologist lasted for many
open fire. We had a great barbecue in bum·bling (bum´bling or bum´bәl ing) adjective. years.
the park. Making clumsy mistakes. The bumbling
detective would never solve the mystery. cas · ting (kas´ting) noun. The process of
choosing people for the different parts
in a play or movie. Casting for the new
movie went on for weeks.

792 793

cautiously/completed consideration/current

cau · tious · ly (kô´shәs lē) adverb. In a coax· ing (kōks´ing) verb. Persuading con · sid · er · a · tion (kәn sid´әr ā´shәn) noun. crank· y (krang´kē) adjective. Cross or in a
careful way. Because so many cars or influencing by mild arguing. Thoughtfulness for other people and bad temper; grouchy. Roni is always
were coming, we crossed the street The instructor was coaxing young their feelings; something carefully cranky before she’s had breakfast.
cautiously. swimmers into the water. thought about. Leroy showed great
craters (krā´tәrz) plural noun. Bowl-shaped
consideration for his grandmother.
cir · cu · lar (sûr´kyә lәr) adjective. Having col · lage (kә läzh´) noun. A picture made pits or holes made by the impact of a
or making the shape of a circle. The by pasting paper, cloth, metal, and con · sis· ted (kәn sis´tәd) verb. Contained; meteorite. Craters are easier to spot in
referee’s arm made a circular motion other things in an arrangement on a was made up. The batter consisted of a the desert.
as he blew the whistle. surface. Once I made a collage of my cup of flour, one egg, and a cup of milk.
day, and it was full of bright colors and
cit · i ·zen (sit´ә zәn) noun. A person who con·sume (kәn süm´) verb. To eat or drink.
cotton balls.
was born in a country or who chooses Growing children can consume a lot of
to live in and become a member of food.
that country. Carmine is an Italian Word History
con · vinced (kәn vinst´) verb. Caused a
citizen but often visits the United Collage comes from the French
person to believe or do something.
States. word collage, from colle, meaning
The coach convinced the team they
glue or paste.
cli · mate (klī´mit) noun. The average could win, and they did.
weather conditions of a place or
cor · al (kôr´әl) adjective. Made of coral, a
region through the year. Most deserts col · o · ny (kol´ә nē) noun. A group of
hard substance like stone made up of
have a hot, dry climate. animals living together in the same
the skeletons of tiny animals. We went
place. The noise from the penguin
clut · tered (klut´әrd) verb. Filled with snorkeling on the coral reef.
colony was deafening. criss · crossed (kris´krôst) verb. Went
a messy collection of things. Val’s
across, back and forth. Grandma
bedroom was cluttered with all of her com · mo · tion (kә mō´shәn) noun. A noisy crisscrossed lengths of dough to make
sports equipment. disturbance; confusion. We ran out a pretty pie top.
into the hall to see what was causing
the commotion. cur · rent (kûr´әnt) noun. A portion of
a body of water or of air flowing
com · mu · ni· ca ·tion (kә mū´ni kā´shәn) noun. continuously in a definite direction.
An exchanging or sharing of feelings, The lifeguard blew his whistle when he
thoughts, or information. Some forms of noticed that the current was taking the
communication do not require speech. boys out too far.

com · ple · ted (kәm plēt´әd) verb. Done,

finished. I could hardly wait until my
brother completed his Thanksgiving
project and we could all go to the
movies.

794 795

787Q
decayed/dizzy documenting/electrical

Glossary
Dd Ee
di · rec· tor (di rek´tәr) noun. The person doc·u·ment·ing (dok´yә ment ing) verb.
in charge of a play, movie, or TV Making a record or collecting
show. The director called for a dress information. The scientists took notes
de · cayed (dē kād´) adjective. Having rehearsal over the weekend. documenting their findings. eaves·drop·ping (ēvz´drop´ing) noun.
undergone the process of dove1 (dōv) verb. Plunged head first into Listening to other people talking
decomposition; rotted. We walked water. We watched as the woman dove without letting them know you are
past decayed stumps in the woods. perfectly off the board and into the listening. Eavesdropping is not a polite
deep pool. thing to do.

dove2 (duv) noun. A medium-size bird ech·o·lo·ca·tion (ek ō lō kā´shә n) noun. A

of the pigeon family. The dove cooed way to find out where objects are
quietly on the window ledge. by making sounds and interpreting
the echo that returns. Bats rely on
echolocation when they hunt for insects.

ee·rie (îr´ē) adjective. Strange in a scary

way. We heard an owl’s eerie hooting
dis · ap · point · ment (dis´ә point´mәnt) noun. as we walked home in the dark.
de · mon · stra · ted (de´mәn strā´tәd) verb. A feeling of being disappointed or
Showed by actions or experiment. The let down. Losing the match was a e·lec·tri·cal (i lek´tri kә l) adjective. Relating to
performer demonstrated great skill disappointment, but I still like tennis. the form of energy carried in wires for
with both the piano and the drums. use to drive motors or as light or heat.
dis · ease (di zēz´) noun. An illness. Dad carefully connected the electrical
de · scen · dants (di send´әnts) plural Smallpox is the one serious disease cables to the positive and negative
noun. People who come from a that has been wiped out. down·stream (doun´strēm´) adverb. Moving
terminals on his car’s battery.
particular ancestor. My neighbors are in the same direction as the current of
dis · guised (dis gīzd´) verb. Changed the a stream. On a raft, it is easier to float
descendants of a French explorer.
way something or someone looks downstream than to push upstream. Word History
des · per · ate (des´pәr it) adjective. Very bad to hide it or to look like something Electrical comes from the Latin
or hopeless. I needed money, but I was else. The king disguised himself as dy·nas·ties (dī´nә stēz´) plural noun.
electrum, meaning “amber,”
not desperate for it. a peasant and walked through the Periods of time during which a line
because of amber’s property
market. of rulers from the same family is in
de · vi · c-es (di vīs´әz) plural noun. Things power. Construction of the Great Wall of attracting other substances
used or made for specific purposes. dis · gus · ted (dis gus´tid) adjective. Having a of China took place from the Han to when rubbed.
You can choose from several kinds of strong feeling of dislike. I felt disgusted the Yuan dynasties.
devices for help in opening a can. by the way the bully was treating others.

di· ges·ted (dī jest´әd) verb. Broke down and diz·zy (diz´ē) adjective. Having the feeling
absorbed food. The snake rested while it of spinning and being about to fall.
digested the rat it had swallowed. Riding the Ferris wheel makes me dizzy.

796 797

endless/exploration exposure/fuels

end · less (end´lis) adjective. Having no e · va · po · rate (i vap´ә rāt´ ) verb. To change ex·po·sure (ek spō´zhәr) noun. The fluke2 (flük) noun. The flat part of a
limit or end. The line of people seemed from a liquid or solid into a gas. When condition of being presented to view. whale’s tail. The whale smacked the
endless, and not everyone would get a heat makes water evaporate, the water Each time the dog saw a new toy was water with its fluke.
ticket. seems to disappear. counted as one exposure.
fool · ish · ness (fü´lish nәs) noun. The act of

Ff
·
en · dured (en durd´or ·
en dyurd´) verb. not showing good sense. I wanted to
Survived or put up with. The workers Word History race across the street, but my mom
endured the hot sun all day. Evaporate comes from the Latin will not allow that foolishness.
evaporatus, “to disperse in vapor,” fade (fād) verb. To become gradually
en·ter·pri·sing (en´tәr prī´zing) adjective. fos·sil (fos´әl) noun. The hardened remains
from ex, “out,” and vapor, weaker, fainter, or dimmer. When a
Showing energy and initiative; willing or traces of an animal or plant that
“exhalation.” song ends, sometimes it will fade out.
or inclined to take risks. Brian, an lived long ago. The fossil we found had
enterprising young man, ran for class faint (fānt) adjective. Not clear or strong; imprints of ancient seashells in rock.
president and won. e · ven · tu · al · ly (i ven´chü ә lē) adverb. In the weak. A faint noise came from outside,
end; finally. We eventually got a DVD but I couldn’t see anyone.
en ·vi · ron · ment (en vī´rәn mәnt) noun.
player because the good movies were
Everything that surrounds an animal fam · ished (fam´isht) adjective. Very
not being released on video.
and affects it. Polar bears have adapted hungry; starving. After a long day of
very well to their cold environment. ev·i· dence (ev´i dәns) noun. Proof of running and swimming, the children
something. People thought the were famished.
knave stole the tarts, but they had no
flicked (flikt) verb. Hit or moved with a
evidence.
quick, light snap. Fred flicked the fly
ex· as · per · at · ed (eg zas´pә rāt´әd) verb. off his face.
Annoyed greatly; made angry. My dad
flinched (flincht) verb. To draw back or
got so exasperated helping with my frag · ile (fraj´әl) adjective. Easily broken;
away, as from something painful or
math that my mom took over. delicate. My toothpick ship is too
unpleasant; wince. When the door
fragile to take to show and tell.
es·ti·mat· ed (es´tә mā´tәd) verb. Judged or ex· plo · ra · tion (ek´splә rā´shәn) noun. The suddenly slammed, Myra flinched.
calculated, as of the value, quality, extent, act of traveling through unfamiliar fu · els (fū´әlz) plural noun. Substances
fluke1 (flük) noun. A chance happening;
size, or cost of something. It is estimated areas in order to learn about them. burned as a source of heat and power,
an accidental turn. The substitute
that there are only 30,000 to 50,000 Remote-controlled vehicles are such as coal, wood, or oil. When the
player’s touchdown pass must have
Asian elephants left in the world. carrying out an exploration of the world runs out of fossil fuels, we
been a fluke.
surface of Mars. will be forced to use alternate energy
eth · nic (eth´nik) adjective. Being part
sources.
of a group of people with religion,
language, national origin, or some
other background in common. We
went to World Food Day and sampled
many ethnic foods.

798 799

Glossary 787R
 gaped/harmless headlines/independence
Glossary
Gg
glo · ri · ous (glôr´ē әs) adjective. Having head · lines (hed´līnz) plural noun. Words hoist · ing (hoist´ing) verb. Lifting or pulling
or deserving praise or honor; printed at the top of a newspaper or up. Hoisting logs out of the water, the
magnificent. The autumn colors were magazine article. The most important men soon grew tired.
just glorious. news has the biggest headlines.
gaped (gāpt) verb. Stared with the mouth
open, as in wonder or surprise. The
audience gaped at the acrobats.

gen · u · ine (jen´ū in) adjective. Sincere;

guard · i · an (gär´dē әn) noun. A person or
thing that guards or watches over. My
older brother sometimes acts like my
he · ri · tage (her´i tij) noun. Something
that is handed down from previous
generations or from the past; tradition.
Ii
guardian. Jazz is now a part of our country’s i · den · ti · fied (ī´den´tә fīd´) verb. Proved
honest. My friends and I made a cultural heritage. that someone or something is a
genuine effort to help kids new to the guide (gīd) noun. Someone who shows
particular person or thing. The
school. the way, such as on a tour or trip. We hi · ber · nate (hī´bәr nāt´) verb. To sleep or
fingerprints on the gold watch
followed the guide carefully along the stay inactive during the winter. Bears
gli · der (glī´dәr) noun. An aircraft that flies identified the butler as the thief.
narrow trails. eat a lot to get ready to hibernate.
without a motor. Riding in a glider can
im · ag · es (im´ij әz) plural noun. Pictures
be exciting.

Hh of people or things. The artist had

painted large images of the people
and animals she saw every day.
hab · i · tat (hab´i tat´) noun. The place
im · mi · grants (im´i grәnts) plural
where an animal or plant naturally lives
noun. People who come to live in
and grows. A pond is a good habitat
one country from another. Many
for frogs.
immigrants come to the United States
every year.
Word History
im · pres · sive (im pres´iv) adjective.
Habitat comes from the Latin
Deserving admiration; making a
glin ·ted (glin´tәd) verb. Sparkled or flashed. habitare, meaning “to dwell.”
strong impression. The track team
Rays of sunshine glinted on the water.
hi · lar · i · ous (hi lâr´ē әs) adjective. Very won five races, which was their most
glis · ten · ing (glis´әn ing) adjective. Shining han · dy (han´dē) adjective. Within reach, funny. Kendra tells hilarious jokes. impressive result all year.
or sparkling with reflected light. The nearby; easy to use. • come in handy.
his · to · ri · ans (hi stôr´ē әnz) plural noun. in · de · pen · dence (in´di pen´dәns) noun.
glistening eyes of the children looked Be useful. It’s amazing how many times
People who study or write about Freedom from the control of another
out from the stage. a dictionary can come in handy.
history. Historians can help us to or others. America gained its
globe (glōb) noun. The Earth (as a harm · less (härm´les) adjective. Not able understand the past. independence from Great Britain.
shape). Our globe is the home of to do damage or hurt. My dog looks
billions of people. mean, but really she is harmless.

800 801

injustice/limited logical/microscope

in · jus · tice (in jus´tis) noun. Lack of justice; in · ves · ti · gates (in ves´ti gāts´) verb. Looks log · i · cal (loj´i kәl) adjective. Sensible; mas · sive (mas´iv) adjective. Of great size
unfairness. There are many tools to into carefully in order to find facts being the action or result one expects. or extent; large and solid. The pro
fight injustice, and everyone should and get information. A detective When it rains, I do the logical thing wrestler had a massive chest.
know them. investigates mysteries for a living. and put my bicycle in the garage.
mi · cro · phone (mī´krә fōn´) noun. A
in · sec· ti · cides (in sek´ti sīdz) plural noun. loos · ened (lü´sәnd) verb. Made looser; set device that converts soundwaves into

Jj
Chemicals used to kill insects and free or released. Brad loosened his electrical signals, which can then be
other pests. Some insecticides can necktie when the ceremony was over. recorded, broadcast, or amplified.
reduce the number of mosquitoes. We couldn’t hear the principal in the
lum · ber · ing (lum´bәr ing) adjective.
back of the auditorium because her
in · spec· ted (in speck´tәd) verb. Looked jeal · ous · y (jel´ә sē) noun. A feeling of envy Moving in a slow, clumsy way. Put a
microphone was broken.
at closely and carefully. The official of what a person has or can do. Ken lumbering hippo in the water and it
inspected our car and declared that it felt some jealousy when he saw Lin’s becomes a graceful swimmer.
was safe to drive. new bike, but he got over it. Word History
lurk (lûrk) verb. To lie hidden. Many
Microphone comes from the
jour · ney (jûr´nē) noun. A trip, especially animals lurk in their dens to escape the
Greek words mikros, meaning
one over a considerable distance heat of the day.
“very small,” and phone, meaning
or taking considerable time. Ping
made a journey to China to meet his
grandparents. Mm “sound.”

mi · cro · scope (mī´krә skōp´) noun. A device

jum·ble (jum´bәl) noun. A confused mag · ni · fy (mag´nә fī´) verb. To make
for looking at things that are too small
mixture or condition; mess. My room is something look bigger than it really is.
to be seen with the naked eye. To see
a jumble of toys and books, so I have Devices such as microscopes help to
in · spire (in spīr´) verb. To stir the mind, small cells in the body one needs to
to clean it. magnify small things.
feelings, or imagination. Nature can use a microscope.
inspire some people to write poetry.

in · sult (in´sult´) noun. A remark or action

that hurts someone’s feelings or pride.
Not to invite Marta to the party would
Ll Word History
Microscope comes from the
Greek words mikros meaning
leg · en · dary (lej´әn der´ē) adjective.
be an insult. “very small,” and skopein,
Relating to a legend, or a story that
meaning “to view or
in · tel · li · gent (in tel´i jәnt) adjective. Able to has been handed down for many years
and has some basis in fact. Johnny
examine.”
understand and to think especially well.
Mr. Lee asked an intelligent question. Appleseed’s efforts to spread the
apple tree have become legendary.
in · ter · fere (in´tәr fîr´) verb. To take part in
the affairs of others when not asked; lim · it · ed (lim´i tid) adjective. Restricted, or
meddle. My mom hates to interfere, kept within boundaries. The menu had
but she often gives me good advice. only a limited number of choices.

802 803

787S
midst/nowadays numerous/overcome

Glossary
midst (midst) noun. A position in the ne · ga · tives (neg´ә tivz) plural noun. nu · mer · ous (nü´mәr әs or nū´mәr әs) adjective. or · bits (ôr´bits) plural noun. The path in
middle of a group of people or things. 1. Photographic images made when Forming a large number; many. The space of one heavenly body revolving
“There is a poet in our midst,” said the film is developed. The photographer mountain climbers faced numerous around another. When we studied
principal, “and we need to clap for her.” looked at the negatives through the problems, but they still had fun. orbits I learned it takes Pluto 248.53
magnifier. 2. Words or phrases that years to go around the sun.
mis· chief (mis´chif) noun. Conduct that nu ·tri· ents (nü´trē әnts or nū´trē әnts) plural
mean “no.” We heard nothing but
may seem playful but causes harm or noun. Substances needed by the bodies
negatives in the report.
trouble. The kittens were always getting of people, animals, or plants to live and
into mischief when we weren’t home. grow. Sometimes we get ill because we
are not getting the proper nutrients.
·
mis· un · der · stood (mis´un dәr stud´) verb.
Understood someone incorrectly; got nuz·zle (nuz´әl) verb. To touch or rub with
the wrong idea. I misunderstood the the nose. My dog will nuzzle me when
directions and did the wrong page for he wants attention.
homework.

mut · tered (mut´әrd) verb. Spoke in a low,

unclear way with the mouth closed.
Oo or · phan · age (ôr´fәn ij) noun. An institution
I saw he was mad by the way he o · be · di · ence (ō bē´dē әns) noun. The that takes in and cares for children
muttered to himself. willingness to obey, or to carry out whose natural parents are absent
orders, wishes, or instructions. It is or dead. Martina had to travel to the
mys · te · ri · ous (mi stîr´ē әs) adjective. Very
important to show obedience to Chinese orphanage to adopt her son.
hard or impossible to understand; full
safety rules.
of mystery. The fact that the cookies
out · stretched (out´strecht´) adjective.
were missing was mysterious.
Stretched out; extended. His
ne · glec· ted (ni glekt´әd) verb. Failed to give Word History outstretched palm held the quarter

Nn proper attention or care to; failed to do.

I neglected to finish my science project
and could not present it at the fair.
Obedience comes from the Latin
word oboedire, meaning “to
hearken, yield, or serve.”
I had dropped.

o · ver · come (ō´vәr kum´) verb. To get the

nat · u · ral (nach´әr әl) adjective. better of; beat or conquer. The team
1. Unchanged by people. We hiked non · vi · o · lence (non vī´ә lәns) noun. The was able to overcome losing the lead
through natural surroundings of philosophy or practice of opposing op · por · tu · ni · ties (op´әr tü´ni tēz) plural to go on to win the game.
woods, streams, and meadows. the use of all physical force or noun. Good chances or favorable
2. Expected or normal. The natural violence. The demonstrators practiced times. School offers many
home of the dolphin is the open ocean. nonviolence during the march on opportunities to be involved in clubs.
Washington.

now · a · days (nou´ә dāz´) adverb. In the

present time. People hardly ever write
with typewriters nowadays.

804 805

overcrowded/phrases politicians/raft

o · ver · crowd · ed (ō´vәr kroud´id) adjective. par · a · lyzed (par´ә līzd´) adjective. 1. Having pol · i · ti · cians (pol´i tish´әnz) plural noun. pre · serve (pri zûrv´) verb. To keep safe for
Having too many people or things. The lost movement or sensation in a part People who hold or seek elected the future. My parents preserve some
small apartment was overcrowded of the body. 2. Made powerless or offices. Four politicians were running of my school papers every year.
with furniture. helpless. The actress felt paralyzed by for the one seat in Congress.
pro · claimed (prә klāmd´) verb. Announced
stage fright.
o·ver·heard (ō´vәr hûrd´) verb. Heard pos · i · tive (poz´i tiv) adjective. Certain; publicly. The principal proclaimed May
something one was not supposed to part · ner · ship (pärt´nәr ship´) noun. A sure. I was positive I left that cookie 20 as the day for our annual class trips.
hear. I overheard my brother planning kind of business in which two or right here on the counter.
pro · fes · sion · als (prә fesh´ә nәlz) plural
a surprise party for me. more people share the work and
pow · wow (pou´wou´) noun. A North noun. People who have an occupation
profits. Janell, Pat, and Erik formed a
o · ver · joyed (ō´vәr joid´) adjective. Very American Indian ceremony that requires special training.
gardening partnership.
happy. The whole team felt overjoyed characterized by feasting and dancing. Engineers and architects are
when we won the soccer game. patch · work (pach´wûrk´) noun. Something People were selling wild rice and fry professionals.
put together out of many uneven or bread at the powwow.

Pp varied parts. From the air, the land

looked like a patchwork of green and
brown fabrics.
pre · cious (presh´әs) adjective. 1. Having
great cost or value. 2. Held in high
pros · pec· tors (pros´pek tәrz) plural noun.
People who explore an area for
minerals, such as gold. California was
esteem; cherished. Gold is a precious full of prospectors during the Gold
pa · le · on · tol · o · gist (pā’ lē әn tol´ә jist) noun.
pe · cul · iar (pi kūl´yәr) adjective. Strange; metal. Rush of 1849.
A scientist who deals with fossils of
not usual. I had the peculiar feeling
prehistoric animal and plant life. The pre · his · tor · ic (prē´his tôr´ik) adjective. pro · tes · ted (prō test´әd) verb. Complained
that I was being watched.
paleontologist spoke to the class Belonging to a time before people against something. When the workers
about the history of dinosaurs. pe · ri · od (pîr´ē әd) noun. 1. A length of started recording history. Prehistoric lost their jobs, they protested to the
historical time. The 19th century artists sometimes made cave paintings union.
was a period of railroad building. to tell a story.
2. A mark of punctuation (.) at the
end of a declarative sentence or an
abbreviation.
Rr
raft (raft) noun. A kind of flat boat made
per · sis · tence (pәr sis´tәns) noun. The of logs or boards fastened together.
ability to keep trying in spite of Floating down the river on a raft is a
difficulties or obstacles. Running a nice way to spend a summer’s day.
business requires persistence.

phras· es (frāz´iz) plural noun. Groups of

words expressing a single thought
but not containing both a subject and
predicate. When I proofread my report, I
made phrases into complete sentences.

806 807

Glossary 787T
 realistic/rotate rumbling/scornfully
Glossary re · al · is · tic (rē´ә lis´tik) adjective. Seeing re · gion (rē´jәn) noun. A geographic area rum · bling (rum´bling) noun. A heavy, scat · tered (skat´әrd) verb. Spread or
things as they are; practical. I dream of whose characteristics are different deep, rolling sound. The rumbling of thrown about here and there. Practice
being a famous rock star, but I should from the others. Nine of the original thunder woke me up. balls were scattered all over the
also be realistic and stay in school. thirteen colonies can be found in the tennis court.
Northeast region.
reef (rēf) noun. A ridge of sand, rock,
or coral at or near the surface of the
ocean. Boaters have to be careful not
re · hearse (ri hûrs´) verb. To practice a
song or play in preparation for public
Ss
to scrape against the reef below. performances. We have two weeks to sa · cred (sā´krid) adjective. Dedicated
rehearse before opening night! to or set apart for a religious use or
purpose. In ancient Greece, olive trees
rep · tiles (rep´tīlz) plural noun. Cold- were sacred to Athena.
blooded vertebrates of the group
Reptilia, which includes lizards, snakes, sanc· tu · ar · y (sangk´chü er´ē) noun. A
alligators, crocodiles, and turtles. Most refuge for wildlife where predators are
reptiles lay eggs, although some give controlled and hunting is not allowed.
birth to live young. My friend runs a sanctuary for injured
sci· en·ti·fic meth· od (sī´әn tif´ik meth´әd) noun.
hawks and owls.
re · spon · si · bil · i · ty (ri spon´sә bil´i tē) noun. The process used by scientists,
The quality or condition of having a in which a problem is stated, a
job, duty, or concern. Taking care of hypothesis is formed, data are
the dog was my responsibility. collected through observation or
experimentation, and the hypothesis
risks (risks) plural noun. Chances of loss or is proved or disproved by analyzing
harm. Explorers were willing to take risks the data. The crime lab is an essential
in the hope of discovering new lands. ingredient in the detective’s application
ref · er · ence (ref´әr әns or ref´rens) noun. of scientific method.
roamed (rōmd) verb. Moved around in a
A statement that calls or directs
large area. The grizzly bear roamed scorn · ful · ly (skôrn´fәl ē) adverb. In a
attention to something. The speech
over a wide valley and the nearby way that shows that something or
makes a reference to a play by
mountains. someone is looked down upon and
Shakespeare.
considered bad or worthless. The critic
roles (rōlz) plural noun. Characters or parts
re · fresh · es (ri fresh´iz) verb. Restores spoke scornfully about the new artist’s
played by an actor. Indira got one of
strength and vitality to, as through paintings.
the leading roles in the class play.
food or rest. Lemonade refreshes on a
hot summer day. ro · tate (rō´tāt) verb. To turn or cause to
turn around on or as on an axis. I had
to rotate the image because the photo
was upside down.

808 809

scuffling/snuffled solitary/suspicious

scuf · fling (skuf´әl ing or skuf´ling) noun. silk· en (sil´kәn) adjective. 1. Made of silk. sol · i · tar · y (sol´i ter´ē) adjective. Living, strut· ting (strut´ing) verb. Walking in a self-
The sound of feet shuffling. When we 2. Like silk in appearance. Antonio wrote being, or going alone. For trying to important way. Marilyn went strutting
heard scuffling from upstairs, we knew a poem about the girl’s long silken hair. escape, the prisoner was placed in around in her new boots from Italy.
Grandpa had finished his nap. solitary confinement.
sky · scrap · ers (skī´skrā´ pәrz) plural noun. stum · bled (stum´bәld) verb. To lose one’s
Very tall buildings. The city has many balance, as by missing one’s footing,
·
se · cure (si kyur´) adjective. Not likely to
skyscrapers, and some of them are 50 Word History stubbing one’s toe, or tripping over an
be taken away; certain or guaranteed.
stories high! Solitary comes from the Latin obstacle. • stum · bled up · on verb. To
verb. To take possession of for
solitarius, meaning “alone,” lonely. come upon something unexpectedly
safekeeping. The police will secure the
or by chance. We stumbled upon the
birdcage to use as evidence at the trial.
clues that would lead us to the treasure.
sores (sôrz) plural noun. Places where the
seg · re · ga · tion (seg´ri gā´shәn) noun. The skin has been broken and hurts. My sub · urbs (sub´ûrbz) plural noun. The areas
practice of setting one racial group hands had sores after raking leaves all around a city where people live. Many
apart from another. There are laws morning with no gloves on. people commute from the suburbs into
against segregation in public schools. the city.
spe · cial · ty (spesh´әl tē) noun. A special
thing that a person knows a great deal
se · lec· ting (si lek´ting) verb. Picking out
about or can make very well. Making Word History
among many; choosing. I spend a long
slith · ered (slith´әrd) verb. To slide or glide quilts is my Aunt Lisa’s specialty. Suburbs come from the Latin
time selecting the right gift.
like a snake. When the snakes slithered suburbium—from sub— “under”
strikes (strīks) plural noun. 1. The stopping
across the ground, they hardly made a and urbs, meaning “city.”
self · ish (sel´fish) adjective. Thinking only of work to protest something.
sound.
of oneself; putting one’s own interests The workers threatened strikes if
and desires before those of others. A snick· er · ing (snik´әr ing) verb. Laughing conditions did not improve. 2. Pitched sur · vey (sәr vā´) verb. To view or
second piece of cake sounded good, in a mean or disrespectful manner. balls in the strike zone or that a batter examine as a whole. (sûr´vә) noun. A
but I didn’t want to be selfish. The children stopped snickering when swings at and misses. comprehensive view. A survey of the
their mother told them to be kinder. crime scene revealed three possible
sen · si · ble (sen´sә bәl) adjective. Having or points of entry.
snor · ing (snôr´ing) verb. Making harsh or
showing sound judgment; wise. If you
noisy sounds while sleeping. The dog sus · pi · cious (sәs pish´әs) adjective.
make a mistake, the sensible thing to
was snoring on the porch when I came Causing doubt and mistrust; causing
do is apologize.
home. the feeling that something is wrong.
When my mom saw me by the cookie
shim · mer (shim´әr) verb. To shine with snuf · fled (snuf´әld) verb. Breathed noisily
jar, I could tell she was suspicious.
a faint, wavering light; glimmer. The because of partly stopped-up nasal
walls of the canyon began to shimmer passages. Because of a bad cold, I
in the rays of the setting sun. snuffled all day.

810 811

787U
swallows/technique temples/universe

Glossary
swal · lows1 (swol´ōz) verb. Causes food swarms (swôrmz) plural noun. Large tem·ples (tem´pә lz) plural noun. Buildings tra·di·tions (trә dish´ә nz) plural noun.
or other substances to pass from the groups of insects flying or moving used for the worship of a god or gods. Knowledge, beliefs, or customs
mouth into the stomach. Kathy’s sore together. When the hive fell, swarms of Visitors to Athens can tour many handed down from one generation
throat hurts every time she swallows. angry bees flew out. temples of the ancient Greeks. to another. People of many cultural
traditions live in the United States.
ter·ri·to·ry (ter´i tôr´ē) noun. Any large area
Word History of land; region. My brother’s territory
Swallows comes from the Old
English word swelgan with the
same meaning.
for selling office supplies is in North
Carolina. Uu
tes·ti·fy (tes´tә fī´) verb. To give evidence un·con·sti·tu·tion·al (un´ kon sti tü´
under oath in a court of law. The shә nә l) adjective. Not in keeping
swal · lows2 (swol´ōz) plural noun. Several woman took her place on the witness with the constitution of the United
groups of small birds having a slender stand to testify. States. Segregation was declared
body and a forked tail. unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

un·fair (un fâr´) adjective. Not fair or just.

Word History Punishing all of us for the actions of my

Tt
Swallows comes from the Old little sister seemed unfair.
English word swealwe, meaning un·ions (ūn´yә nz) plural noun. Groups of
“this bird.” workers joined together to protect their
tan · gles (tang´gәlz) plural noun. Knotted,
jobs and improve working conditions.
twisted, confused masses. The garden
Labor unions fight to get workers the
swamp (swomp) noun. A kind of wetland hose had not been rolled back up and
safety equipment they need.
in which grasses and shrubs grow on was full of tangles.
land almost permanently covered by threat·ened (thret´ә nd) adjective. Having u·nique (ū nēk´) adjective. Having no
shallow water. Many endangered birds, tech · nique (tek nēk´) noun. A method or
a sense of harm or danger. The dark equal; the only one of its kind. In many
such as the snowy egret, can be found way of bringing about a desired result
storm clouds made the players feel ways, the Everglades is unique.
in this swamp. in a science, art, sport, or profession.
threatened with a rain-out.
Part of Allison’s technique in running u·ni·verse (ū´nә vûrs´) noun. Everything
is to breathe in and out on counts of tot·tered (tô´tә rd) verb. Walked or moved that exists, including Earth, the
seven. with unsteady steps; rocked or swayed planets, the stars, and all of space.
as if about to fall. The baby tottered as Many scientists spend their lives
she first tried to walk. studying the wonders of the universe.
Word History
Technique comes from the Greek
word tekhnikos, meaning “relating
to an art or craft.”

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unstable/wistfully

un·sta·ble (un stā´bә l) adjective. Not whirl·wind (whûrl´wind´, wûrl´wind´) noun. 1.

settled or steady; easily moved or put A whirling current of air that moves
off balance. Although the raft looked forward with great force. 2. Anything
unstable, it floated very well. resembling a whirlwind. She moved
about the apartment, packing like a
un·sus·pect·ing (un´sә spek´ting) adjective.
whirlwind.
Having no suspicions. The unsuspecting
girls did not realize they were about to wild·life (wīld´līf´) noun. Living things,
get sprayed by the hose. especially the animals that live
naturally in an area. We saw lots of
wildlife on our hike in the woods.

Vv
val·u·a·ble (val´ū ә bә l) adjective. Of
great use, worth, or importance. The
excavation gave us some valuable new
information about the settlers. wing·span (wing´span´) noun. The distance
between the tips of the wings of a
ven·ture (ven´chә r) noun. A business or
bird, insect, or airplane. The wingspan
some other undertaking that involves
of some hawks is five feet.
risk. Rea’s new venture was a carpet-
cleaning service. wis·dom (wiz´dә m) noun. Good judgment
and intelligence in knowing what is right,
ves·sels (ves´ә lz) plural noun. Ships or
good, and true. When I’m not sure what
large boats used to transport or carry
to do, I look to my grandpa’s wisdom.
over water. The ocean liner known as
the Titanic was larger than all other
oceangoing vessels of the time. Word History
Wisdom comes from the Old
English word wisdom, from wis,
meaning “having sound judgment,

Ww learned.”

week·days (wēk´dāz´) plural noun. The days wist·ful·ly (wist´fә l ē) adverb. In a sadly
of the week except Saturday and Sunday. longing way; yearningly. My grandma
We only go to school on weekdays. looked at her wedding pictures wistfully.

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Glossary 787V