1k; FbauR murpay; jpl;lk; - (1972)

Nrhy;gup murpay; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,yq;if Rje;jpu k; ngw;w ehlhf fUjg;gl;l

NghjpYk; $l cz;ikapy; mJ G+uz Rje;jpukpf;f ehlhf fUjg;gltpy;iy
vd;w fUj;J murpay; jiytu;fshy; njhlu;r;rpahf Kd;itf;fg;gl;L te;jJ.
Nrhy;gup ahg;gpd; fPo; njhlu;e;Jk; gpupj;jhdpa kfhuhzpahNu ,yq;iff;Fk;
kfhuhzpahf ,Ue;J te;jhu;. kfhuhzp ,q;F ,y;yhj fhuzj;jpdhy; mtupd;
gpujpepjpahfNt kfhNjrhjpgjp flikahw;wp te;jhu;. ,k;kfh Njrhjpgjpia
epakpj;jy; Nghu; rkhjhdk; vd;gtw;iw gpufldg;gLj;jy; mtrufhy
epiyikia gpwg;gpj;jy; Nghd;w mjpfhuq;fs; njhlu;e;Jk; gpupj;jhdpa
kfhuhzpaplNk ,Ue;J te;jJ. NkYk; Nfhkiwf; fof ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F
kDr;nra;Ak; KiwahdJ ,yq;ifapd; ePjpj;JiwapdJ Rje;jpukhd jd;ikf;F
jilahf ,Ue;J te;jJ. mj;NjhL eilKiwapy; ,Ue;J te;j Nrhy;gup
murpay; ahg;G ke;jpupkhupd; efy; jpl;lj;ij mbg;gilahf nfhz;bUe;j
NghjpYk; mJ md;dpauhy; tiuag;gl;lJ vd;w fUj;J epytp te;jJ.
,f;FiwghLfs; fhuzkhf G+uz Rje;jpu Nehf;fpy; Nrhy;gup ahg;Gf; F murpay;
jiytu;fs; gy fUj;Jf;fis njuptpj;J te;jdu;. ,j;jifa fUj;Jf;fs; 1951k;
Mz;L S.W.R.D.gz;lhuehaf;fh mtu;fshy; rpwpyq;fh Rje;jpuf;fl;rp
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lij njhlu;e;J NkYk; cj;Ntfk; milayhapw;W. ,tu; fl;rpia
Muk;gpj;J itj;Jg; NgRk; NghJ “[dehafk;> Rje;jpuk; vd;gtw;wpw;F G+uz
mu;jj;ij nfhLf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; GjpaNjhu; murpay; jpl;lj;ij kf;fspd; G+uz
tpUg;gj;NjhL tiutJ mtrpak;” vd Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhu;.

1955 / 1956k; Mz;L Nju;jypy; kf;fs; If;fpa Kd;ddp murhq;f k; ntw;wp

ngw;wijj; njhlu;e;J Gjpa murpay; ahg;gpid tiutjw;fhd Kaw;r;rpfs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,jw;fhf rpwpyq;fh Rje;jpuf;fl;rp jiyikapy; “murpay;
ahg;G epu;daf; $l;L Kd;ddpapid” mikg;gjw;fhd gpNuuidfs;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ. ,g;gpNuuidfs; gpd;tUtdtw;iw murpay; jpl;lj;jpy;
GFj;Jtij Nehf;fhf nfhz;bUe;jJ.
1. FbauR ahg;ig cUthf;fy;.
2. nrdl; rigia xopj;jy;.
3. mbg;gil cupikf;F cj;juthjk; mspj;jy;.
4. gpujpepjpfs; rigahy; njupT nra;ag;gLk; epakd cWg;gpdiu mfw;Wjy;.
5. ePjpr;Nrit Mizf;FO> nghJr;Nrit Mizf;FO vd;gtw;iw;
mfw;Wjy;.
Nkw;gb Nehf;fq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; murpay; ahg;G epu;za rig xd;iw
mikg;gjw;F Kaw;r;rpf;fg;gl;l NghjpYk; mg;NghJ Vw;gl;l jdpr;rpq;fs kNrhjhr;
rl;lk; mjdhy; ehl;by; Vw;gl;l Fog;gepiy 1959y; Vw;gl;l
S.W.R.D.gz;lhuehaf;fh tpd; kuzk; Nghd;w fhuzq;fshy; mk;Kaw;rpfs;
epiwNtw;wg;gltpy;iy. njhlu;e;J 1960 fhyq;fspYk; ,t;thwhd Kaw;rpfs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

1965k; Mz;L If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpapd; jiyikapy; mike;j ~~Njrpa

murhq;fj;jpd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpYk; Gjpa murpay; ahg;gpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
typAWj;jg;gl;L te;jJ. ,jidj; njhlu;e;J 1970 k; Mz;L Nju;jypy; =yq;fh
Rje;jpuf; fl;rp> ,lJ rhupf; fl;rpfs; $l;lzpfs; Kjd;Kjyhf ghuhSkd;wj;jpy;
2/3 ngUk;ghd;ikAld; ntw;wp ngw;w If;fpa Kd;ddp (=yq;fh Rje;;jpuf; fl;rp

A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 2

– 91> yq;fh rkrkhrf; fl;rp – 19> fk;a+dp];l; fl;rp - 06) murhq;fk; gjtpf;F
te;jJ.
1970k; Mz;Lj; Nju;jy;; KbTfs;. (1970.05.27)
fl;rp Mrdq;fs; tPjhrhuk;
=yq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rp 91 36.6
yq;fh rkrkhrf; fl;rp 19 8.7
If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rp 17 38.0
,yq;if jkpouRf;fl;rp 13 5.0
fk;a+dp];l; fl;rp 06 3.4
,yq;if jkpo; fhq;fpu]; 03 2.3
RNal;irfs; 02 4.6
nkhj;jk; 151
Fwpg;G: =yq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rp> yq;fh rkrkhrf; fl;rp> fk;a+dp];l; fl;rp
Mfpad Nju;jy; Nghl;;bj; jtpu;g;G cld;gbf;if nra;J nfhz;ld.
,jidj; njhlu;e;J Gjpa murpay; ahg;gpid tiutjw;fhd murpay; ahg;G
$l;L Kd;ddp murpay; ahg;G epu;da rigiaf; $l;baJ. ,jpy; gy;NtW
murpay; fl;rpapd; jiytu;fisAk; Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gb gpujku; rpwPkhNth
gz;lhu ehaf;f miog;G tpLj;jpUe;j NghjpYk; jkpo; muRf; fl;rpAk;> If;fpa
Njrpaf; fl;rpAk; ,jpy; gq;Fnfhz;L $l;lj;ij ,ileLtpy; gfp];fhpj;jJ.
,jdhy; ,g;Gjpa murpay; jpl;lk; If;fpa Kd;dzp $l;bize;J “nfhy;tpd;
R.D. rpy;th” jiyikapy; tiuag;gl;L 1972.5.22 y; eilKiwapy;
nfhz;Ltug;gl;l murpay; jpl;lNk ,yq;if Nrhrypr [dehaf FbauR
ahg;ghFk;.

Gjpa murpay; ahg;G jahupf;fg;gl;l NghJ If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rp Gjpa murpay;

ahg;ig tiutjw;F vjpuhd fUj;ij Kd;itj;jJ Fwpg;ghf Nju;jy;
tpQ;Qhgdj;jpy; GjpaNjhu; murpay; ahg;gpid tiutjw;fhd mk;rk;
Nru;f;fg;gl;L kf;fs; rk;kjpj;jpid ngwhj fhuzj;jpdhy; Gjpa murpay;
ahg;Gf;F kf;fs; jk; rk;kjj;ij toq;ftpy;iy vdTk; ,f;fhyfl;lj;jpy;
mtrufhyr; rl;lk; mKypy; ,Ue;jikapdhy; mJ kf;fspd; G+uz
mgpg;gpuhaj;ij ngw;w njhd;whf ,y;iy vdTk; Fwpg;gpl;ldu;.
,jw;F khwhf [f;fpa Kd;ddpapdu; Nju;jy; tpQ;Qhgdj;jpd; Gjpa ahg;gpid
tiutjw;fhd tplak; Nru;f;fg;gl;bUe;jJ vdTk; jq;fSf;Ff; fpilj;j
ngUk;ghd;ik ntw;wp Gjpa murpay; ahg;gpid tiutjw;F kf;fs; toq;fpa
rk;kjNk vdTk; mtru fhy epyik nghJ eyidg; NgZtjw;fhfNt
eilKiwapy; ,Ue;jJ vdTk; $wp murpay; mikg;gpy; khw;wk; nra;jdu;.
,tu;fs; Nrhy;gup murpay; ahg;gpid khw;w k; nra;tjw;Fk; Gjpa
ahg;nghd;wpid tiutjw;Fk; gpd;tUk; fhuzq;fs; mbg;gilahf
mike;jpUe;jd.
1. ,yq;ifapd; Ntz;LNfhspd; fPo; ,yq;if njhlu;ghd rl;lq; fis
Mf;Ftjw;F gpupj;jhdpag; ghhuhSkd;w k; mjpfhuk; ngw;wpUe;jik. (1947
Rje;jpur; rl;lk; 2k; ruj;J)

2. ,yq;ifg; ghuhSkd;wk; epiwNtw;Wk; rpy kNrhjhf;fis

rl;lkhf;Ftjw;F gpupj;jhdpa Kbapd; rk;kjj;jpid Neubahfg; ngw
Ntz;Lk;. rpy rl;lq;fSf;F kfh Njrhjpgjp xg;gkpl kWf;fyhk;. (1946
mur fl;lisr;rl;lk; 39k; ruj;J)
A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 3
 3. ,yq;if murhq;fk; gpupj;jhdpa kuGfisg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;. (1946Mk;
Mz;L mur fl;lisr; rl;lk; 4k; ruj;J)
4. ,yq;ifapy; epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;ij Nkw;nfhs;Sk; mjpfhuk; gpupj;jhdpa
Kbf;F cz;L (1946Mk; Mz;L mur fl;lisr; rl;lk; 4> 5k; ruj;J)
5. kfhNjrhjpgjpia gpupj;jhdpa Kb epakpg;ghu; vdTk; mtu; Kbapd;
tpUg;gk; ,Uf;Fk; tiuf;Fk; gjtp tfpg;ghu; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lik
(1946Mk; Mz;L mur fl;lisr; rl;lk; (1946Mk; Mz;L mur fl;lisr;
rl;lk; 4 (i)k; ruj;J)

6. ,yq;ifg; ghuhSkd;wk; gpupj;jhdpa kfhuhzpiaAk; ,yq;ifapd;

gpujpepjpfs;rig> nrdl; rig Mfpatw;iwAk; nfhz;bUf;Fk; vdf;
$wg;gl;lik. (1946Mk; Mz;L mur fl;lisr; rl;lk; 4(i)k; ruj;jJ)

7. kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; rig> nrdl; rig vd;gdtw;wpd; cWg;gpdu;fs;

gpupj;jhdpa Kbf;F ek;gpf;if njuptpg;Nghuhf Kbf;F Kd;dpiyapy;
rj;jpag;gpukhzk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk; (1946Mk; Mz;L mur fl;lisr;
rl;lk; 25k; ruj;J)

8. ahg;gpd; 29 (2)k; gpupT ghuhSkd;w ,iwikiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpaik.

9. mbg;gil cupikfs; mj;jpahak; cs;slf;fg;glhky; Nrhy;gup ahg;G
cUthf;fg;gl;bUe;jik.
10. Nrhy;gup murpay; ahg;G Njrpa eyd;fisf; fUj;jpw;nfhs;shJ
cUthf;fg;gl;lik.
11. tsu;;e;J tUfpd;w ehlhd ,yq;iff;F Nrhy;gup ahg;gpd; murhq;fKiw
nghUj;jkw;wjhf tpsq;ftpy;iy.
12. ,yq;if Rje;jpu cldgbf;if %yk; ,yq;ifapd; jpUNfhzkiy
JiwKfk;> fl;Lehaf;f tpkhd epiyak; vd;gdtw;wpy; gpupj;jhdpa
,uhZtj;ij itj;jpUf;Fk; mjpfhuk; gpupj;jhdpaUf;F ,Ue;jik.

13. ,yq;if Rje;jpu cld;gbf;if %yk; gpupj;jhdpahit mDrupj;Nj

ntspAwTf; nfhs;ifia ,yq;if tFf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpd;w epiy
fhzg;gl;lik.
14. ,yq;ifapd; RNjr kjkhd ngsj;jKk;> RNjr nkhopahd rpq;fsKk;
Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;Lf; fhzg;gl;lik.
15. Nrhy;gup ahg;gpd; fPo; kf;fshy; njupTnra;ag;glhj cWg;gpduhd
kfhNjrhjpgjp ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; rl;l k; xd;wpw;F xg;gkpl mjpfhuk;
ngw;wikahdJ kf;fs; ,iwikj; jj;Jtj;jpw;F mg;ghw;gl;ljhFk;.
16. gpupj;jhdpa khjpupapyhd murhq;f Kiw fhzg;gl;lik.
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l tpku;rdq;fis Kd;itj;jtu;fsJ nghJf;fUj;J ,e;jf;
fl;Lg;ghLfspy; ,Ue;J tpLgl;L ,iwik nghUe;jpa xU Njrj;jpw;F
A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 4
nghUj;jkhdtifapYk; RNjr kf;fsJ vz;zg;ghq;Ffis cs;slf;Fk;
tifapYk; RNjrpfspd; gq;Nfw;Gld; xU Gjpa ahg;G cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;
vd;gjhFk;. ,e;j vjpu;ghu;f;if 1972 1k; FbauR ahg;gpd; %yk;
cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jdhyNa ,t;turpaw;jpl;lkhdJ ,yq;ifapd; murpay;
tuyhw;wpy; Kf;fpakhd xd;whff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; 2k; FbauR
murpaw; jpl;lj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;Fk; mbg;gilahfTk; topfhl;bahfTk;
mike;jJ vd;gijr; Rl;bf;fhl;lyhk;.
,t;thW Kf;fpakhff; fUjg;gLtjw;F gpd;tUk; mk;rq;fs; fhuzkhf
mike;jd.
1. ,yq;if xU Fbaurhfg; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;lik: ,Jfhyk; tiuf;Fk;
,yq;ifahdJ gpupj;jhdpa Vfhjpgj;jpaj;jpd; fPo;g;gl;l xU fhydpj;Jt
ehlhf fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jd;gb ,yq;ifahdJ jdJ jd;dhjpf;fj;ijAk;
,iwikiaAk; ,oe;jpUe;jJ vdf;$Wk; mstpw;F ,yq;if
fhzg;gl;lJ. 1k; FbauR murpaw; jpl;lj;jpd; gpufhuNk ,yq;iff;F
FbauR me;j];j;Jf; fpilj;jJ. 1972 Nk 22k; ehs; ,yq;ifahdJ
Fburhfg; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;lJld; xt;nthU tUlKk; Nk 22y; FbauR
jpdk; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wJ.

2. Fbaurpd; murj; jiytuhf Fbaurpd; [dhjpgjp epakpf;fg;gl;lik:

,JtiufhyKk; Njrhjpgjp> kfhNjrhjpgjp Mfpa gjtpfs; ,yq;ifapy;
nraw;gLj;jg;gl;L te;jd. ,jd; gb ,tu;fs; gpupj;jhdpa kfhuhzpapd;
gpujpepjpfshf ,yq;ifapy; gzpahw;wp te;jdu;. ,tu;fis kfhuhzpahNu
epakdk; nra;thu;. ,tNu murpd; jiytu; vd;w ngaupYk; njhopw;gl;lhu;.
Mdhy; Kjyhk; FbauR murpaw; jpl;lj;jpd;gb gpujkuhy; epakdk;
nra;ag;gLfpd;w [dhjpgjp xUtNu flikahw;wpdhu;. ,jd; %yk;
Fbaurpd; jiytuhf mtNu njhopw;gl;likahy; gpupj;jhdpa Mjpf;fk;
mfw;wg;gl;lJ.
3. kdpj cupikfs; mj;jpahak; cUthf;fg;gl;L mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lik.
4. mur nfhs;iffs; jj;Jtk; vDk; mj;jpahak; cUthf;fg;gl;lik.
5. rl;l> epu;thf> ePjp Mfpa Kj;JiwfisAk; xd;wpizj;jtifapy; G+uz
,iwik kpFe;j rl;lthf;fj;Jiw mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;lik.
6. murpay; ahg;G ePjpkd;wk; cUthf;fg;gl;lik.
7. rl;lj;Jiw kf;fshy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l gpujpepjpfis khj;jpuk;
nfhz;bUe;jik. 1972 murpayikg;gpd; 77k; cWg;Giug;gb Njrpa muRg;
Nguitapd; cWg;gpdu; vz;zpf;if tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.
mikf;fg;gLk; Nju;jy; njhFjp epu;za Mizf;FOtpdhy;
gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l vz;zpf;iff;F ,zq;f kf;fshy; ru;trd thf;Fupik
%yk; njupT nra;ag;gl;l gpujpepjpfis kl;LNk Njrpa muRg; Nguit
nfhz;bUf;Fk;. MapDk; 1970k; Mz;L njupthd epakd cWg;gpdu;fs;
njhlu;e;Jk; mq;fk; tfpg;gu; vdf; $wg;gl;lJ. 1970k; Mz;L nghJj;
Nju;jypd; gpd;G rl;l rigapy; kf;fshy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l 151
cWg;gpdu;fSk; epakpf;fg;gl;l 6 cWg;gpdu;fSkhf 157 cWg;gpdu;fs;
fhzg;gl;ldu;.

8. gfpuq;fNrit> ePjpr;Nrit vd;gdtw;iw fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F xU Gjpa

Kiw mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;lik.
9. kNrhjhf;fSf;F ,Wjp xg;gkpLk; mjpfhuk; murj; jiytuplk ,Ue;J
mfw;wg;gl;L rl;lj;Jiwapd; rghehafUf;F toq;fg;gl;lik.
10. murhq;f Kiwapy; gpujkupd; mjpfhuj;ij Nkk;gLj;jpa tifapy;
gpujkupd; mjpfhuj;ij epu;zapj;jik.
A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 5
 11. Xuq;f rl;lkd;wj;ijj; jhgpj;jik.
Nkw;$wg;gl;l Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid ,yq;if murpay; tuyhw;wpy; jlk; gjpj;J
itj;jpUe;j Kjyhk; FbauR murpaw; jpl;lk; ,yq;ifapd; Gjpa tuyhw;iw
Muk;gpj;J itj;jJ vdyhk;. vdpDk; mjid tiue;j nfhy;tpd; Mu; b rpy;th
Nghd;Nwhu; “Nrhy;gup ahg;ghdJ gpupj;jhdpa khjpupapyhd murhq;fKiwiaf;
nfhz;Ls;sJ” vdfLikahf thjpl;ljd; %yk; Nrhy;gup ahg;ig
epu;%ykhf;fpdhu;fs;. Mdhy; gpd;tUk; mk;rq;fs; gpupj;jhdpah ghuhSkd;w
kw;Wk; murhq;fKiwapd; vr;rnrhr;rq;fs; vd;gij kWf;f KbahJ.
1. caujpfhuk; kpf;f ghuhSkd;wk;.
2. gpuNjrthup Nju;jy; Kiw.
3. ke;jpup rig murhq;f Kiw.
4. gpupj;jhdpa ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; eilKiwfis xj;j eltbf;iffs;.
5. tYNtwhf;fkpd;ik.
6. gpujkuhy; epakpf;fg;gLk; ehk epu;thfk;.

Kjyhk; FbauR murpaw; jpl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpa mk;rq;fs;

1. kf;fs; ,iwik
2. mur nfhs;ifj; jj;Jtk;.
3. mbg;gil cupikAk; Rje;jpuKk;.
4. Njrpa muRg; Nguit
5. murpayikg;G ePjpkd;wk;.
6. [dhjpgjp.
7. ePjpr;Nrit Mizf;FO> murNrit Mizf;FO.
8. nkhop.
9. kjk;.

kf;fs; ,iwik (mj;jpahak; I)

FbauR murpay; jpl;lj;jpd; KjyhtJ mj;jpahaj;jpy; ,yq;if FbauR
Rje;jpuk;> jd;dhjpf;fk; G+uz ,iwik nfhz;l Xu; xw;iwahl;r;rpf; FbauR
vd Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd; gb gpupj;jhdpa kfhuhzpahu; ,yq;if kP J
gpuNahfpj;J te;j mjpfhuq;fs; cupikfs; vd;gd ePf;fg;gl;L mj;jifa
mjpfhuq;fSk; cupikfSk; Njrpa muRg; Nguitaplk; nghWg;ghf;fg;gl;L
,Uf;fpd;wJ. mLj;J nrdl; rig xopf;fg;gl;lik fhuzkhf rl;lkhf;F k;
mjpfhuk; ,Urigfsplj;jpy; gq;fplg;gl;l epyik khwp xU rigiaf; nfhz;l
mikg;ghf Njrpa muRg; Nguit cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk; ePjpr; Nrit
Mizf;FO ePf;fg;gl;likapdhYk; nrdl; rig xopf;fg;gl;likapdhYk;
ePjpgupghyd tplak; midj;Jk; Njrpa muRg; Nguitaplk;
nghWg;ghf;fg;gl;likapdhy; Njrpa muRg; Nguit ,iwik gilj;j jhgdkhf
cUthfpAs;sJ.
,t;turpay; jpl;lk; Njrpa muRg; Nguitia ,iwik gilj;j jhgdkhf
cUthf;fpajd; %yk; kf;;fs; ,iwikf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspf;fpd;wJ. ahg;gpd;
KjyhtJ mj;jpahaj;jpd; 2tJ ruj;jpy; ,yq;ifahdJ xU xw;iwahl;rp
ehlhFk; vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.
03k; 04k; ruj;Jf;fs; ~~,yq;ifapd; ,iwika khw;wNth ifaspf;fNth
KbahJ vd;gJld;> kf;fs; ,iwik kf;fshy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l
gpujpepjpfisf; nfhz;l Njrpa muRg; Nguit %yk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; vdf;
Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ.|| vdNt ,g;Gjpa murpay; jpl;l k; kf;fs; ,iwikf;F

A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 6

Kf;fpaj;Jtkspg;gjhf mike;jpUe;jikNa xU rpwg;gk;rkhf fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.
,t;thW kf;fs; ,iwikf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspg;gjdhNyNa ,J FbauR
murpay; jpl;lk; vd;w ngau; ehkj;ij ngWfpd;wJ.
05k; ruj;jpd; gpufhuk; ,yq;ifapd; rl;lthf;f ,iwikahdJ Njrpa muRg;
NguitahYk;> epu;thf ,iwikahdJ Njrpa muRg; NguitapDs; ,Uf;Fk;
ke;jpu; rigapdhYk;> ePjp ,iwikahdJ Njrpa muRg; Nguitapdhy;
cUthf;fg;gLk; ePjpkd;wq;fspdhYk; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;.
,t;thwhd murpay; jpl;lk; kf;fspd; ,iwikf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspg;gNjhL
Njrpa muRg; NguitiaAk; ,iwik gilj;j xU jhgdkhf cUthf;fpajd;
fhuzkhf ,t;turpay; jpl;lk; mjpfhug; gpuptpidf; Nfhl;ghl;Lf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
mspf;ftpy;iy vd tpku;rpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd;gb tY xd;whf;fNk
nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,r;rl;lkd;wk; 168 cWg;gpdu;fisf; nfhz;l 6 tUlk;
gjtp tfpf;Fk; xU epWtdkhFk;.

mur nfhs;if jj;Jtk; (mj;jpahak; V)

FbauR murpay; jpl;lj;jpd; 5tJ mj;jpahak; mur nfhs;ifj; jj;Jtk; gw;wpf;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,J Nrhy;gup ahg;gpy; ,Ue;J k; gpupj;jhdpa kfhuhzp
khjpupapypUe;Jk;; tpyfpr; nry;Yk; Xu; mk;rkhf mike;Js;sJ. ,j;jj;JtkhdJ
murhq;fk;> jdJ rl;l epu;thf tplaq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ ,f;
nfhs;iff;F mikthd Kiwapy; njhopw;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gijNa
fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mbg;gilapy; xU Nrhrypr Idehaf r%fj;ij cUthf;FtNj
mur nfhs;ifj; jj;Jtj;jpd;; Kf;fpa Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,j;jj;Jtk;
gw;wpa tplaj;jpy; 16tJ ruj;jpd; 2tJ cggpuptpy; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; ,lk;
ngw;Ws;sd.

1. Ntiy nra;Ak; taij mile;j rfy gpuiIfSf;Fk; Ntiy tha;g;ig

ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;.

2. KO ehl;ilAk; mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;.

3. cw;gj;jpg; gq;fPL gupkhw;wk; vd;w tplaj;jpy; ,Ue;J tUk; kdpjid
kdpjd; Ruz;Ltij KbTf;F nfhz;L tUjy;.
4. r%f cw;gj;jpia gpuiIfspilNa rkkhfg; gq;fpLjy;.
5. kdpj kdg;ghq;F> fyhr;rhu mj;j];j;J vd;gtw;iw mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;.

6. ,yq;ifapd; Ms;Gyk;> jd;dhjPf;fk;> ,iwik vd;gtw;iw ghJfhj;jy;.

7. ,d> kj> nkhop vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; ,Ue;J tUk;
Kd;DupkfisAk;> rkapd;ikiaAk;> Ruz;liyAk; mfw;wy;.
8. nghJf;fyhr;rhuk;> nghJeyd; vd;gtw;iw tpUj;jp nra;jy;.
9. ePjp> epu;thf tplaq;fspYk; Vida Njrpa tplaq;fspYk; kf;fis gq;F
nfhs;sr; nra;tjd; %yk; [dehaf jj;Jtj;ijg; Ngzy;.

A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 7

 10. xt;nthU kjj;jpdWk; jj;jkJ kjq;fspd; mbg;gilapy;
njhopw;gLtjw;fhd r%f nghUshjhu murpay; #o;epiyia
cUthf;Fjy;.
11. ru;tNjr rkhjhdk; $l;LwT vd;gtw;iw mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;.
12. gy;NtW ,dq;fSf;fpilNaAk; gu];gu ey;ypzf;fq;fisAk; tpUj;jp
nra;tjd; %yk; Njrpa xUikg;ghl;il fl;b tsh;j;jy;.
Nkw;gb tplaq;fis mur nfhs;ifj; jj;Jtkhf Fwpg;gpl;bUe;j NghjpY k;
17tJ ruj;jpy; mur nfhs;ifj; jj;Jtj;ij kPwpaJ njhlu;ghf gpd;gw;whJ
tpl;lik njhlu;ghf gpuiIfs; vtUk; murhq;fj;Jf;F vjpuhf tof;Fj; njhlu
KbahJ vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; ,j;jj;Jtk; rl;lg; ngWkjp mw;wJ
vdTk; rl;lg; ngWkjp mw;wpUg;gjhy; ve;jtpjkhd gpuNahrdk; mw;wJ vdTk;
murpay; mtjhdpfshy; tpku;rpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

mbg;gil cupikAk; Rje;jpuKk; (mj;jpahak; VI)

Nrhy;gup murpay; ahg;gpy; mbg;gil cupikfs; gw;wpa mj;jpahak;
,lk;ngwtpy;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; 29(2) cWg;Giu Nru;f;fg;gl;lJ. ,J
rpWghd;ikapdUf;F ghJfhg;ghf ,Uf;Fk; vd;Wk; mtu;fSila
cupikfSf;F cj;jputhjkspf;Fk; vd;Wk; $wg;gl;L ahg;gpy;
cs;thq;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. Mdhy; ,J eilKiwapy; ntWk; fhdy; ePuhfNt
NghdJ vdyhk;. rpWghd;ikNahu; fhg;gPL kl;Lkd;wp NtW gy Vw;ghLfSk;
,jpy; ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jJ. Mdhy; mit xt;nthd;Wk; eilKiwapy; nraw;gl;l
tpjk; gw;wp Nehf;Fk; NghJ gydspf;fhj xd;whfNt milahsk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
1972Mk; Mz;L Mz;Lfspy; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l cupikfs; gw;wpa Vw;ghLfs;
cs;thq;f Nrhy;gup jpl;lj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;w rpWghd;ikNahu; fhg;gPL
Kd;ndhl;lkhf fhzg;gl;lnjdyhk;.
vdNt Nrhy;gup ahg;gpy; mbg;gil cupikfs; vd;D k; tplaq;fs;
cs;slf;fg;gltpy;iy. Nrhy;gup ahg;G gpupj;jhdpauhy; cUthf;fg;gl;ljdhYk;
mJ If;fpa ehLfspd; kdpj cupikfs; gpufldk; ntspapLtjw;F Kd;du;
nfhz;Ltug;gl;ljhYk; mbg;gil cupikfs; mj;jpahak; jdpj;J Kf;fpak;
ngw;W ,lk;ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy. ,t; mbg;gil cupikfs; gw;wpa Vw;ghLfSf;F
gjpyPlhf rpWghd;ikapdupd; cupikfs; ngUk;ghd;ikNahuhy; ghjpf;f $lhJ
vd;gjw;fhf rpy Vw;ghLfis Nrhy;gup FOtpdu; mwpKfk; nra;jpUg;gpDk;
mit eilKiwapy; jpUg;jpapy;yhj xd;whfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf
Nrhy;gup ahg;G cupikfs; gw;wpa tplaj;jpy; rpwg;Gw;w Xd;whf fUj KbahJ.
,yq;ifj;jPtpy; gy ,d Kuz;ghLfSf;F fhuzkhd rl;lq;fs; midj;J k;
ahg;G tpjpfSf;F mg;ghy; Ngha; epiwNtw;wg;gl;L rpWghd;ikNahupd;
cupikfisAk; gwpj;njLj;jJ vdyhk;.
rpWghd;ikNahupd; cupikfis ghJfhf;f nra;ag;gl;l fhg;gPLfs; Nrhy;gup
murpay; jpl;lj;jpy; fhz Kbe;jhYk; mtw;iw cupikfs; vd Vw;Wf;nfhs;s
KbahJ. mtw;wpid ntWk; fhg;gPLfs; vd;Nw $wNtz;bAs;sJ. Mdhy;
mb;g;gil cupikfs; ahtUf;Fk; nghUj;jkhdjhFk;.
FbauR ahg;gpd; 6tJ mj;jpahak; mbg;gil cupikfs; Rje;jpuk; gw;wp
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,JTk; Nrhy;gup murpay; ahg;gpYk; gpupj;jhdpa kfhuhzp
A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 8
khjpupapYk; ,lk;ngwhj xd;whFk;. 18 ruj;jpd; 1tJ cggpuptpd; xU
kdpjDf;Fupa Rje;jpuq;fSk; cupikfSk; vit vd
mlahsg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mit

a) rl;lj;jpd; Kd;dpiyapy; Ml;fs; ahtUk; rkkhdtu;fs; vd;gNjhL

rl;lj;jpd; %yk; fpilf;Fk; ghJfhg;gpYk; rkkhdtu;fs;.

b) rl;lj;jpd; Ngupy; md;wp Ml;fs; vtUk; jkJ capiuNah

Rje;jpuj;ijNah ,oj;jy; MfhJ.

c) rl;lj;jpd; gbad;wp gpui[fs; vtUk; ifJ nra;ag;glNth> jLg;Gf;

fhtypy; itf;fg;glNth KbahJ.

d) gpuiIfs; ahtUk; kdl;rhl;rpia gpd;gw;Wk; Rje;jpuk;> kjr;Rje;jpuk;>

vd;gd Nghd;w cupikfSf;F cupj;Jilatuhth;.

e) gpuiIfs; jhdhf my;yJ Vidatu;fSld; jkJ nrhe;jf;

fyhr;rhuj;jpid mDgtpg;gjw;Fk; tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fkhd cupikfs;.

f) midj;Jg; gpui[fSf;Fk; mikjpahd Kiwapy; $l;lk; $Ltjw;fhd

cupik cz;L.

g) xt;nthU gpui[Ak; Ngr;R> fUj;J ntspg;ghl;L ntspaPl;Lr;

Rje;jpuq;fSf;F cupj;jhthu;.

h) murhq;f> cs;Suhl;rpf; $l;Lj; jhgdq;fspy; gjtpia ngWtjpy; ,d>

kj> NtWghLfs; fhl;lg;glyhfhJ> vdpDk; Fwpg;gpl;l rpy
njhopy;fspy; ghy; NtWghL fhl;lg;glyhk;.

i) ,yq;if G+uhfTk; jilapd;wp gpuahdk; nra;tjw;Fk; tpUk;gpa ,lj;jpy;

FbapUg;gjw;Fkhd cupikfs;.

Nkw;gb cupikfis mbg;gil cupikfshf toq;fg;gl;bUe;j NghjpYk; 18tJ

ruj;jpd; 2tJ cggpuptpy; Njrpa xw;Wik> Njrpa ghJfhg;G> Njrpa
nghUshjhuk;> nghJ Rfhjhu kw;Wk; xOf;fk; vd;gd fUjp murhq;fk;
,t;Tupikfis fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk; vd Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt mbg;gil
cupikfs; gw;wpa ruj;Jf;fs; gpuNahrdk; mw;wJ vdTk; fl;rpr;rhu;ghd eyid
NgDtjw;F tha;g;ghf mike;Js;sJ vdTk; tpku;rpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jtifapy;
mbg;gil cupikfs; njhlu;ghd gy FiwghLfisj; jd;dfj;NJ nfhz;L
fhzg;gLtijr; Rl;bf;fhl;lyhk;.

 NkYk; ,J nrhj;Jupikf;Fk; nghUshjhu cupikf;Fk; mq;fpfhuk;

toq;fhikapdhy; xU ngUk; Fiwghlhf tpku;rpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jid xU
ghupa Fiwghlhf If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpapdu; tpku;rpj;jpUe;jik
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
 ,jpy; rpWtu;> ngz;fs; cupikfs; Nru;f;fg;gltpy;iy.
 ,t;tj;jpahaj;jpy; gpui[fs;> Ml;fs; Mfpa ,U nrhw;fisAk;
gad;gLj;jpaikahy;> gpui[fs; ngw;w cupikfis Ml;fs; ngw
Kbahky; NghdJ. ,J ,yq;ifapy; mg;NghJ tho;e;j ,e;jpa tk;rhtop
kf;fSf;F rpy cupikfis ,y;yhkw; nra;Jtpl;ld.
A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 9
  murpay; ahg;gpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s cupikfs; kPjhd kl;Lg;ghlhdJ kf;fs;
cupikfis mDgtpg;gjw;Fj; jilahf mike;jpUe;jd. mf;fhyj;jpYk;
cz;ikapy; ,JNt eilngw;wpUe;jJ.
 mbg;gil cupikfs; mj;jpahaj;jpd; 18k; ruj;jpd; 1k; gpuptpd; (h) gFjp
“murhq;f> cs;Suhl;rpf; $l;Lj; jhgdq;fspy; gjtpia ngWtjpy; ,d>
kj> NtWghLfs; fhl;lg;glyhfhJ” vdf; $Wfpd;wJ. ,jpy; nkhop
NtWghL fhl;lg;glf;$lhJ vd;w thrfk; Rl;bf;fhl;lg;glhik jkpo;
nkhopGwf;fzpf;fg;gLtJ gw;wp fl;bak; $Wfpd;wJ. ,jd; %yk; tlf;F>
fpof;F khfhz jkpo; NgRk; kf;fs; ntFthfg; ghjpg;Gw;wdu;.
 mbg;gil cupikfs; kPwg;gLfpd;wNghJ mjid kPsg;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd vt;tpj Vw;ghLfSk; ,t;ahg;gpy;
$wg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.
,Ug;gpDk; Kjd; Kjyhf murpay; ahg;gpy; mbg;gil cupikfs;
Nru;f;fg;gl;lik ,t;ahg;gpd; cau; ngWkjpiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ vd;gij vk;khy;
kWf;f KbahJ.

Njrpa muRg; Nguit (mj;jpahak; VIII)

Nrhy;gup ahg;gpd; rl;lrig ghuhSkd;w k;vd miof;fg;gl;lJ. ,J 1972k; Mz;L
Kjyhhk; FbauR murpaw; jpl;lj;jpd; gb Njrpa muRg; Nguit vd;W
miof;fg;gl;lJ. ,t;turpaw; jpl;lj;jpd; Kjyhk; mjjpahak;>

“,yq;if Rje;jpuKk; jd;dhjpf;fKk; cila xw;iwahl;rpf; FbauR

vd;Wk; kf;;fspd; ,iwikahdJ kf;fshy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l
gpujpepjpfisf; nfhzl Njrpa muRg Nguitapdhy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;”
vdWk; $wpaJ.
,jdhy; Njrpa muRg; Nguit mur mjpfhuj;jpd; kPAau; fUtpahf tpsq;fpaJ.
Njrpa muRg; Nguitf;F rl;l epu;thf ePjp mjpfhuq;fs; ,Ue;jd.
rl;lthf;fj;Jiwapy; ,aw;Wk; rl;lq;fis kWguprPyid nra;Ak; mjpfhuk;
Nrhy;gup murpay; ahg;gpy; rhjhuz ePjp kd;wq;fSf;Ff; $l ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy;
,t;turpay; mikg;gpy; ,it ePf;fg;gl;L Njrpa muRg; Nguit G+uz ,iwik
cila rl;lrigahf khw;wg;gl;lJ. Njrpa muRg; Nguit ,aw;W k; rl;lq;fs;
murpay; mikg;gpw;F Kuzhff; fhzg;gbd; mJ njhlu;ghf guprPyid nra;J
Njrpa muRg; Nguitf;F MNyhrid $wntd “murpay; mikg;G ePjp kd;wk;”
xd;W cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;ePjpkd;wk; VjhtJ xU rl;l%yj;ij murpay;
mikg;gpw;F KuzhdJ vdj; jPu;g;gspj;jhYk; 2/3 ngUk;ghd;ikAld; mjid
epiwNtw;Wk; mjpfhuk; Njrpa muRg; Nguitf;F ,Ue;jJ.
1972 murpayikg;gpd; 77k; cWg;Giug;gb: Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd; cWg;gpdu;
vz;zpf;if tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. mikf;fg;gLk; Nju;jy; njhFjp
epu;za Mizf;FOtpdhy; gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l vz;zpf;iff;F ,zq;f kf;fshy;
ru;trd thf;Fupik %yk; njupT nra;ag;gl;l gpujpepjpfis kl;LNk Njrpa
muRg; Nguit nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
MapDk; 1970k; Mz;L njupthd epakd cWg;gpdu;fs; njhlu;e;Jk; mq;fk;
tfpg;gu; vdf; $wg;gl;lJ. 1970k; Mz;L nghJj; Nju;jypd; gpd;G rl;l rigapy;
kf;fshy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l 151 cWg;gpdu;fSk; epakpf;fg;gl;l 6
cWg;gpdu;fSkhf 157 cWg;gpdu;fs; fhzg;gl;ldu;.

A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 10

1974k; Mz;by; Nehnay; jpj;jnty jiyikapy; mikf;fg;gl;l Nju;jy;
njhFjp epu;za Mizf;FOthdJ Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd; cWg;gpdu;
vz;zpf;ifia 168Mf tiuaiw nra;jJ.
murpayikg;gpd; 40k; cWg;Giu (1) ge;jp Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd;
gjtpf;fhyj;ijg; gpd;tUkhW tiuaiw nra;fpd;wJ.
mt;turpayikg;gpd; fPo; njupTnra;ag;gl;l xt;nthU Njrpa muRg; NguitAk;>
mJ Kd;dNu fiyf;fg;gl;lhnyhopa mjd; Kjw;$l;lj; NjjpapypUe;J 6 Mz;L
fhyj;Jf;Fj; njhlu;e;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F Nkw;glyhfhJ. me;j 6 Mz;L
foptNj Njrpa muRg; Nguitiaf; fiyg;gjhfr; nraw;gLjy; Ntz;L k;.
,jd;gb Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd; $ba gjtpf;fhyk; 6 Mz;Lfs; vd;gij
njupe;Jnfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ. nghJNju;jypy; thf;fspf;fj; jFjpngw;w vtUk;
kf;fshy; njupT nra;ag;gLkplj;J Njrpa muRg; Nguit cWg;gpduhfj;
jFjpAilatu; Mthu;.
Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd; nghJj; Nju;jy; Kbtile;jTld; $Lk; KjyhtJ
$l;lj; njhlupy; rghehafu;> cg rghehafu;> FOf;fspd; jiytu;fs; MfpNahu;
njupT nra;ag;gLtu;.

rghehafu;fs; ];lhd;yp jpyfuj;jpd 1972-1977

Mde;jjp];r b my;tp]; 1977-1978
gpujp rghehafu; kw;Wk; I. V. fhju; 1972-1977
FOj; jiytu; Kfk;kJ mg;Jy; ghf;fPu; khf;fhu; 1977-1978

Fiwe;jJ xUtUlj;jpy; xUKiwahtJ Njrpa muRg; Nguit $l;lg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;. 4 khjq;fSf;F Nkw;gl;L Nguitapd; mku;it epWj;jf;$lhJ.
Nguitapd; mku;tpid xj;jpitf;Fk NghJ mLj;j $l;lj;jpw;fhd jpfjpiaAk;
Fwpg;gpLjy; Ntz;Lk;;. ,t;thW xj;jp itf;fg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; gpujkupd;
MNyhridAld; [dhjpgjp Nguitiaf; $LkhW miof;ffyhk;. gpujkupd;
MNyhridg;gb [dhjpgjp ve;j Neuj;jpYk; Njrpa muRg; Nguitiaf;
fiyf;fyhk;. mt;thW fiyf;Fk;NghJ nghJj; Nju;jYf;fhd jpfjpiaAk;>
mLj;j Njrpa muRg; Nguitf; $l;lk; eilngWk; jpfjpiaAk; Fwpg;gpLjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd; mjpfhuq;fs;
rl;lthf;f mjpfhuk;
mj;jpahak; 1d; 4k; cWg;Giu - kf;fspd; ,iwik kf;fshy; njupT
nra;ag;gl;l gpujpepjpfisf; nfhz;l Njrpa muRg; Nguit %yk;
gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;.
5k; cWg;Giu - Njrpa muRg; Nguit Fbaurpd; murjj;Jtj;jpd; kpf cau;e;j
fUtpahFk;. mJNt kf;fspd; rl;lthf;f> epu;thf> ePjpg; gupghyd
mjpfhuq;fisf; nfhz;L ,aq;Fk;.

i. kf;fspd; rl;lthf;f ,iwik kf;fshy; njupTnra;ag;gl;l

mq;fj;jtu;fisf; nfhz;l Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd; Clhfg;
gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;.
ii. kf;fspd; ghJfhg;G> epu;thf ,iwik rdhjpgjp> nfgpdl; Clhf
epiwNtw;wg;gLk;.

A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 11

 iii. ePjp> epu;thf ,iwik mjw;nfd mikf;fg;gl;l ePjpj;jhgdq;fs; Clhf
epiwNtw;wg;gLk;. ,e;j Kj;Jiw mjpfhuKk; Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd;
rl;lthf;f mjpfhuk; %ykhf xUq;fpizf;fg;gLk;.
1. Kj;JiwfspYk; rl;lthf;f mjpfhuNk Kf;fpakhdJ. ehl;Lf;Fj;
Njitahd rfy rl;lq;fisAk; Mf;fyhk;> khw;wyhk;> ePf;fyhk;.
2. cWg;Giu 44d; gb Njrpa muRg; Nguit jdJ rl;lthf;f mjpfhuj;ijj;
Jwf;fNth> ifaspf;fNth> ghjpg;G Vw;gLj;jNth KbahJ.
3. mNjNeuk;> Njrpa muRg; Nguitf;Fr; rkdhd mjpfhuk; nghUe;jpa
ve;jnthU jhgdj;ijAk; mikf;fTk; KbahJ. (45tJ cWg;Giu)> (Njrpa
muRg; Nguit tpUk;gpdhy; Jiz epiyr; rl;l Mf;f mjpfhuj;ij Vida
jhgdq;fSf;F toq;fyhk;> kPsg; ngwyhk;.)
4. Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd; epfo;r;rpfspd; kPNjh my;yJ mJ nra;j> mJ
nra;ahJ ,Uf;Fk; my;yJ nra;ahJtpl;l vjd; kPJk; ve;j ePjpkd;wNkh
my;yJ ePjpiag;gupghypf;Fk; ve;jnthU epWtdNkh ePjpg;gupghydk; nra;a
KbahJ.
5. epjpf; fl;Lg;ghl;L mjpfhuk; - rl;lthf;f mjpfhuj;jpy; ,lk;ngwy;. ,jdhy;
ve;j cs;Suhl;rpj; jhgdKk;> epWtdKk; tuptpjpf;f tR+ypf;f KbahJ.
(Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd; jPu;khdg;gbNa nrayhw;w Ntz;L k;.)
6. Njrpa muRg; Nguit ,aw;Wk; rl;lq;fs; murpay; mikg;gpw;F Kuzhff;
fhzg;gbd; mJ njhlu;ghf guprPyid nra;J Njrpa muRg; Nguitf;F
MNyhrid $wntd “murpay; mikg;G ePjp kd;wk;” xd;W
cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;ePjpkd;wk; VjhtJ xU rl;l%yj;ij murpay;
mikg;gpw;F KuzhdJ vdj; jPu;g;gspj;jhYk; 2/3 ngUk;ghd;ikAld;
mjid epiwNtw;Wk; mjpfhuk; Njrpa muRg; Nguitf;F ,Ue;jJ.
epu;thf mjpfhuk;
epu;thfj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;ruit Njrpa muRg; Nguitf;Ff; $l;lhfg;
nghWg;GilaJ. mikr;ruit kPjhd ek;gpf;ifapy;yhg; gpNuuiziaf;
nfhz;Lte;J epiwNtw;Wk; mjpfhuk; ,r;rigf;F cz;L. NkYk; mikr;ruit
cWg;gpdu;fs; ahtUNk Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd; cWg;gpdu;fNs.
,t;tikr;ru;fspd; nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;ghff; Nfs;tp Nfl;Fk; cupik
Nguitf;F cz;L. ,J njhlu;ghd Nfs;tpfSf;F gjpyspf;fNtz;ba
flikAk; mikr;ruitf;F cz;L.
ePjpj;Jiw njhlu;ghd mjpfhuk;
Gjpa ePjpkd;wq;fis cUthf;Fjy;> ePjpr;Nrit MNyhridr; rigapd;
MNyhridf;Fg; Gwk;ghf mikr;ruit epakdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;spd; mJ
njhlu;ghd tpsf;fq;fisf; Nfl;ly;> Fw;wtpay; ePjp Mizf;FOtpd; fhy
vy;iyia ePbj;jy;.

Nrhy;gup kw;Wk; Kjyhk; FbauR ahg;Gf;fspd; rl;lrig Xu;

xg;gPL
Nrhy;gup ahg;G 1k; FbauR ahg;G
mikg;G

A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 12

 Nrhy;gup ahg;gpd; rl;lrig 1k; FbauR murpay; ahg;gpd;
1. ghuhSkd;wk; vd miof;fg;gl;lJ. rl;lrig Njrpa muRg; Nguit vd
miof;fg;gl;lJ.
ghuhSkd;wkhdJ gpujpepjpfs; 1971k; Mz;L nrdl; rig xopg;Gg;
rig> nrdl; rig vd;w ,uz;L gpufldk; %yk; ,uz;lhk; kd;wk;;
rigfisf; nfhz;lJ. gjtpf; ,y;yhky; nra;ag;gl;likahy;;
fhyk; 05 tUlq;fs; MFk;. Xuq;f kd;wkhfj; njhopw;gl;lJ.
,jd; gjtpf; fhyk;> 06 tUlq;fs;
gpujpepjpfs; rigahdJ vz;zpf;if MFk;.
tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. ,jd;
cWg;gpdu;fs; vz;zpf;ifahdJ epakd mq;fj;jtu; Kiw
njhFjp epu;za Mizf;FOtpdhy; ePf;fg;gl;lNghjpYk; 1970k; Mz;Lj;
jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ. Nju;jy; %yk; epakpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs;
njhlu;e;Jk; gjtp tfpg;gu; vdf;
101 cWg;gpdu;fisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. $wg;gl;lJld; mLj;JtUk; Njrpa
,tu;fspy; 95Ngu; Nju;jw; muRg; Nguit Nju;jypy; epakd
njhfjpfspy; ,Ue;J mq;fj;jtu;fs; njupT
5tUlq;fSf;Fg; gjtptfpf;fntd nra;ag;glkhl;lu; vdf; $wg;gl;lJ.
nghJj;Nju;jy; xd;wpd; %yk; njupT ,jd; gpufhuk; ,r;rigapd; gjtpf;
nra;ag;gl;ldu;;. 6Ngu; rpWghd;ik fhyk; 157Mf ,Ue;jJ.
,dq;fspy; ,Ue;J gpujkupd;
rpghuprpd;gb kfh Njrhjpgjpahy; Nrhy;gup ghuhSkd;wj;ijg; Nghd;W
epakpf;fg;gl;ldu;. cWg;gpdu; vz;zpf;if tiuaiw
mw;wjhFk;. fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk;
Nju;jy; khtl;l MNyhridf;
gpd;du; ,jd; mq;fj;jtu;
FOtpduhy; ,t;ntz;zpf;if
2. vz;zpf;if 157Mf jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;. ,jd;NghJ 90>000
mjpfupf;fg;gl;lJ. mjpy; 151Ngu; kf;fSf;F xU gpujpepjp my;yJ
Nju;jw; njhFjpfspy; ,Ue;J njupT 1000 rJu ikYf;F xU gpujpepjp
nra;ag;gl kpFjp 6Ngu; rpWghd;ik vd;wthW tpfpjhrhuk; Ngzg;gLk;
,dq;fspy; ,Ue;J gpujkupd; vdf;$wg;gl;lJ.
rpghuprpd;gb kfh Njrhjpgjpahy;
epakpf;fg;gl;ldu;. vdNt murpay; ahg;gpy;
$wg;gl;ljd; gpufhuk; vz;zpf;if
Nju;jw; njhFjpfs; xJf;fPL Kiw 1977k; Mz;bNyNa
nra;Ak;NghJ khfhz mbg;gilapy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
75000 kf;fSf;F xU gpujpepjp vd;w
tifapYk; my;yJ 1000 1977k; Mz;L 160 Nju;jy;
njhFjpfspy; ,Ue;J 168Ngu;;
rJuikYf;F xU gpujpepjp vd;w njupT nra;ag;gl;ldu;.
tifaYk; xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;lJ.
Fwpg;gpl;l gpuNjrj;jpy; fzprkhd ,jpy; 154 xw;iw mq;fj;Jt
msT rpWghd;ik ,dq;fs; njhFjpfSk;> %tq;fj;Jt
fhzg;gbd; mg;gpuNjrq;fs; gy njhFjpfs; 03k; (nfhOk;G kj;jp>
mq;fj;Jt Nju;jw; njhFjpfshf Etnuypah> k];Nfypah)
Mf;fg;gl;ld. Muk;gj;jpy; nfhOk;G nghj;Jtpy;> kl;lf;fsg;G>
kj;jp 3 mq;fj;jtu; njhfjpahfTk; `up];gj;Jt> NgUtis Nghd;wd
nfhOk;G njw;F> gJis> ,ul;il mq;fj;Jt Nju;jw;
gyhq;nfhil vd;gd ,ul;il njhFjpahfTk; fhzg;gl;ld.
mq;fj;Jt njhFjpfshfTk;
A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 13
 cUthf;fg;gl;ld. 1959y; njhFjpfs; vdNt 1977tiuf;Fk; 157
mjpfupf;fg;gl;lNghJ gJis cWg;gpdu;fNs Njrpa muRg;
gyhq;nfhil vd;gd xw;iw Nguitapy; fhzg;gl;ldu;.
mq;fj;jtu; njhFjpfshf
khw;wg;gl;ld. kl;lf;fsg;G> %J}u;>
mf;Fwiz Mfpad ,ul;il
mq;fj;jtu; njhFjpfshf
khw;wg;gl;ld.

,J Nky;rig vdTk; ,uz;lhk;

kd;wk; vdTk; miof;fg;gl;lJ.
,jd; mq;fj;jtu;fs; nrdl;lu;fs;
vd miof;fg;gLtu;. murpay;
ahg;gpd; 08k; gpuptpd; gb ,J 30
mq;fj;jtu;fisf; nfhz;ljhFk;.
,jpy; 15Ngu; xw;iwkhw;W
thf;FKiw %yk; njupT
nra;ag;gLtu;. tpfpjhrhu Kiwapd;
jdpkhw;W thf;Fkiwapd;gb gb
kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; rig
cWg;gpdu;fs; nrdl;
cWg;gpdu;fisj; njupT nra;tu;.
xt;nthU cWg;gpdUf;Fk; xt;nthU
thf;F cz;L. Kjw; Nju;jypy; 15
nrdl;lu;fisj; njupT nra;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. gpe;jpa xt;nthU
Nju;jypYk; Ie;J NgiuAk;>
jw;nrayhf ntw;wplk; Vw;gbd;
xt;nthUtuhfTk; njupT nra;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; gpd;dNu
kfhNjrhjpgjp kpFjp 15 NgiuAk;
njupT epakpj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd
ahg;G tpjpj;jJ.

kpFjp 15Ngu; murpay; ahg;gpd; 04k;

gpuptpd; gb nghJr;Nrit
Mw;wpatu;fs;> tu;j;jfk;>
ifj;njhopy;> tq;fpapay;
Nghd;wdtw;wpy; jpwik
gilj;jtu;fs; vd;gtu;fsplk; ,Ue;J
gpujkupd; rpghuprpd; Ngupy;
kfhNjrhjpgjpahy; epakpf;fg;gl;ldu;.

Nkw;rig mq;fj;jtu; xUtu; 06

tUlq;fs; gjtp
tfpf;fNtz;batuhf ,Ue;jhu;.
NKw;rig mq;fj;jtu;fspy; 1 /3

A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 14

 gq;fpdu; (njupag;gl;ltu;fspy;
5NgUk;> epakpf;fg;gl;ltu;fspy;
5NgUk;) ,uz;LtUlk; xUKiw
Xa;T ngWtu;.

eilKiw
nghJj;Nju;jy; eilngw;W nghJj;Nju;jy; eilngw;W
,lk;ngWfpd;w KjyhtJ $l;lj; ,lk;ngWfpd;w KjyhtJ $l;lj;
1. njhlupy; rghehafu;> cg njhlupy; rghehafu;> cg
rghehafu;> FOf;fspd; jiytu;fs;; rghehafu;> FOf;fspd; jiytu;fs;;
epakdk; nra;agg;gLtu;. epakdk; nra;agg;gLtu;.
Njrpa muRg; NguitahdJ
kf;fshy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l
,yq;ifg; ghuhSkd;wkhdJ cWg;gpdu;fis khj;jpuk;
nfhz;ljhFk;. kf;fshy; njupT
gpupj;jhdpa kfh ,uhzpahu;>
2. nra;ag;gltpy;iy vdgjw;fhf
gpujpepjpfs; rig> nrdl; rig
Mfpadtw;iwf; nfhz;ljhFk;. [dhjpgjp Njrpa muRg;
Nguitapd; mq;fj;jtu; my;y.
mtUf;F rl;lq;fSf;F xg;;gkpLk;
mjpfhuKk; fpilahJ.
Nrhy;gup ahg;gpd; kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs;
rigapy; ,aw;wg;gLk; rl;lq;fs; Njrpa muRg; Nguit ,awWfpd;w
3. ahTk; kfh Njrhjpgjp xg;gkpLthu;. ve;j kNrhjitAk; rghehafNu
,jd; gpd;dNu mJ rl;lkhf xg;gkpLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
mKYf;FtUk;.
ehl;Lf;Fj; Njitahd vj;jifa
nrdl; rigahdJ epjp rl;lj;ijAk; ,aw;Wfpd;w mjpfhuk;
kNrhjhitf; nfhz;L tu KbahJ. Njrpa muRg; Nguitf;F cz;L.
4. rhjhuz kNrhjhit 06 khj mjDila rl;lj;jij vtuhYk;
fhyj;jpw;Fk; epjp kNrhjhit xU jLj;J epWj;j KbahJ. Mdhy;
khjj;jpw;Fk; jLj;J itf;Fk;
mjpfhuk; nrdl; rigf;F cz;L. murpay; mikg;G ePjpkd;wk;
,jw;Fg; Gwk;ghdJ.
Njrpa muRg;Nguit ,aw;Wfpd;w
ve;j kNrhjhitAk; ePjpg;
Gduha;Tf;F cl;gLj;j KbahJ.
,aw;wg;gLfpd;w rl;lq;fis ,jd; rl;lk; xd;W ahg;gpw;F
murpay; ahg;Gf;F Kuzhdjh vd Kuzhdjh ,y;iyah vd jPu;g;G
5. rPu;J}f;fpg; ghu;f;fpd;w mjpfhuk; toq;Fk; mjpfhuk; murpay;
rhjhuz ePjpkd;wq;fSf;Ff; $l mikg;G ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F ,Ue;jJ.
,Ue;jJ. MapDk; ,jidAk; 2/3
ngUk;ghd;ikahy; kPWfpd;w
mjpfhuk; Njrpa muRg; Nguitf;F
,Ue;jJ.
KjyhtJ $l;lj; njhlupy; KjyhtJ $l;lj;njhlupy;
6. rpk;khrdg; gpurq;fj;ij kfh rpk;khrdg; gpurq;f ciuapid
Njrhjpgjp epfo;j;Jthu;. Fbaurpd; [dhjpgjp epfo;j;Jthu;.
ghuhSkd;wj;ijf; fiyf;fpd;w Njrpa muRg; Nguitiaf;
mjpfhuk; gpujkUf;Nf ,Ue;jJ. fiyf;Fk; mjpfhuk; gpujkUf;Nf
7. MapDk; mjid kfhNjrhjpgjpNa ,Ue;jJ. MapDk; mjid
nraw;gLj;Jthu;. ,tUf;F Fbaurpd; [dhjpgjp epiwNtw;wp
A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 15
 ghuhSkd;wj;ij $l;lTk; te;jhu;. ,tUf;F Njrpa muRg;
fiyf;fTk; mjpfhu; ,Ue;jJ. Nguitiaf; $l;Ljy;> fiyj;jy;>
xj;jpitj;jy; mjpfhuk;
toq;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
Njrpa Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j
,yq;ifahdJ gpupj;jhdpa tifapy; ,yq;ifapd; rl;l
epu;thf Kiwikfis
8. kuGupikfisg;; gpd;gw;Wjy; ,yq;ifapd; r%f nghUshjhu
Ntz;Lk; vdf; $wg;gl;bUe;jik.
khw;wq;fSf;F Vw;g nfhz;L
nry;Yjy; Ntz;Lk;.
mjpfhuk;
Nrhy;gup ahg;;gpd; ghuhSkd;wkhdJ Njrpa muRg; NguitahdJ
Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd;
1. mjpfhuj;ij xg;gpLk;NghJ gpupj;jhdpag; ghuhSkd;wj;ijg;
mjpfhuNk mw;w rigahff; fl;rp Nghd;W ghuhSkd;w ,iwik
kpf;f rigahFk;.
jUfpd;wJ.
mur cau; mjpfhuj;ij
eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; cau; epWtdk;
gpujpepjpfs; rigapd; mjpfhuj;jpw;F ,JthFk;. Njrpa muRg;
rthy; tpLk; tifapy; 29 ruj;J Nguitapd; mjpfhuj;jpw;Fr; rthy;
2. fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;gpupTf;F tpLf;ff;$ba my;yJ rkkhf
mikthfNt rl;lkpaw;w KbAk;. nraw;glf;$ba ve;j
epWtdj;ijAk; ahg;G
cUthf;ftpy;iy.
Nrhy;gup ahg;gpd;gb 2 /3 48(2),d; gb Njrpa muRg;; Nguit
ngUk;ghd;ik %yk; ahg;Gj; ,aw;Wfpd;w ve;jnthU
3. jpUj;jq;fis Nkw;nfhs;s rl;lj;jpidAk;
KbAkhapDk; 29k; ruj;ij nry;Ygbaw;wjhf;Fk; nraw;ghl;il
khw;wpaikf;Fk; mjpfhuk; ve;j epWtdKk; nra;a KbahJ.
rl;lrigf;Ff; fpilahJ.
Nrhy;gup rl;lrigahdJ
,aw;wg;gLfpd;w xU rl;lk; Njrpa muRg;; Nguit
ahg;Gf;F Kuzhf ,Uf;Fkhapd; rl;lnkhd;iw ,aw;wp mjid
mJ epiwNtw;wg;gl KbahJ vd murpayikg;G ePjpkd;wk; ahg;Gf;F
4. jLj;J epWj;Jfpd;w mjpfhuk; KuzhdJ vdj; jPu;g;G
ePjpkd;wq;fSf;F cz;L. ,j;jifa toq;fpdhYk; mjidr; rl;lkhf;Fk;
eltbf;ifapid gpupj;jhdpahtpw;Fr; mjpfhuk; Njrpa muRg; Nguitf;F
nrhe;jkhd Nfhkiwf; fofk; $l cz;L.
Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;.
48> 49k; ruj;jpd;gb xU kNrhjh
Nrhy;gup ghuhSkd;wj;jpdhy; Njrpa muRg; Nguitapdhy;
,aw;wg;gl;L mjid rghehafu;
5. ,aw;wg;gLk; rl;lk; gpupj;jhdpa mj;jhl;rpg; gLj;jpdhy; mJ
eyd;fisf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;Nl rl;lkhf khwptpLk;. ,q;F NtW
kfhNjrhjpgjpahy; xg;gkplg;gl;lJ.
ve;j eyd;fSk; fUj;jpw;
nfhs;sg;gLtjpy;iy.
Nrhy;gup ahg;gpd; ,U rig Njrpa muRg; NguitahdJ
cWg;gdu;fSk; kfhuhzpf;F Kw;WKOjhf kf;fshy; njupT
6. tpRthrk; fhl;Ltjw;fhf mtu; nra;ag;gl;l cWg;gpdu;fisf;
Kd;dpiyapy; rj;jpag; gpukhzk; nfhz;ljhFk;. vdNt kf;fs;
nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,iwikj; jj;Jtk; ,q;F
A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 16
 fLikahfg; Ngzg;gl;Ls;sJ.
45k; ruj;jpd; gb Njrpa muRg;
Nguit jdJ mjpfhuj;ijj;
,yq;ifapd; Ntz;LNfhspd;gb Jwf;fNt ifaspf;fNth KbahJ.
,yq;iff;fhf rl;lkpaw;Wk;
7. mj;Jld; ,Uf;fpd;w ahg;ig
mjpfhuk; gpupj;jhdpa khw;wTk;> GjpaNjhu; ahg;igf;
ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F ,Ue;jJ.
nfhz;LtuTk; Njrpa muRg;
Nguitf;F mjpfhuk; ,Ue;jJ.
ePjpg;Gduha;T
Kw;gl;l ePjpg;Gduha;T mjpfhuk;
nfhz;l rl;lkhFk;. Njrpa muRg;
rl;lthf;fk; njhlu;ghf gpw;gl;l Nguit ,aw;Wfpd;w VjhtJ xU
ePjpg;Gduha;T nraw;ghl;bw;F
rl;lk; njhlu;ghf ahg;Gf;F
cupj;jhdJ. mjhtJ
KuhzdJ vd; w re;Njfk;
 ghuhSkd;wj;jpdhy; ,aw;wg;gl;l
rl;lk; xd;W murpay; ahg;gpw;F Vw;gLkhapd; mJ njhlu;ghf ve;j
ePjpkdwj;jpYk; Nfs;tp vOg;g
KuzhdJ njhlu;ghf rhjhuz
KbahJ. khwhf murpay; mikg;G
ePjpkd;wk; mjpfhuk; ngw;wpUe;jJ. ePjpkd;wj;jpy; khj;jpuNk Nfs;tp
vOg;g KbAk;.
ghuhSkd;w rl;lk; njhlu;ghd
tplaq;fis Ma;T nra;J murpay; mikg;G ePjpkd;wk;
 mwpf;if rku;g;gpf;f gpupj;jhdpa jtpu;e;j ve;j ePjpkd;wj;jpw;Fk;
ePjpkd;wkhd Nfhkiwf; fofj;jpw;F mjpfhuk; fpilahJ.
mjpfhuk; cz;L.

murpayikg;G ePjpkd;wk; (mj;jpahak; X (54) )

murpay; jpl;lj;jpd; 54tJ ruj;jpd; 1tJ gphpT murpay; mikg;gpdhy;
murpayikg;G ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F xJf;fg;gl;l gzpfisAk; flikfisAk;
Ghptjw;nfd murpayikg;G ePjpkd;wk; xd;W ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vdf;$Wfpd;wJ.
murpay; ahg;G rk;ge;jkhd tplaq;fspy; guprPyid nra;J jPh;g;gpid
toq;Ftjw;nfd mikf;fg;gl;l ePjpkd;wNk ,JthFk;;. Nrhy;gup murpay;
jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ghuhSkd;wj;jpdhy; ,aw;wg;gLk; rl;lq;fis Gduha;T nra;Ak;
mjpfhuj;jpid ePjpkd;wq;fs; ngw;wpUe;jd. Mdhy; Gjpa murpay; jpl;lj;jpy;
,J gwpf;fg;gl;L Njrpa muRg; Nguitf;F nghWg;ghf;fg;gl;likahy; Njrpa
muRg; Nguitapdhy; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;w rl;lq;fs; rpy Ntisfspy; murpay;
mikg;gpid ghjpf;fyhk; vd mikg;gpid tiue;Njhu; vjpu;ghu;j;jdu;.
,jdhNyNa Njrpa muRg; Nguit ,aw;Wk; rl;lq;fs; murpay; mikg;Gf;F
Kuzhdjh ,y;iyah vd jPu;gG ; toq;Fk; flikapid nra;tjw;fhf
,t;turpay; mikg;G ePjpkd;wk; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.
,e;ePjpd;wk; [dhjpgjpahy; epakpf;fg;gl;l 5 cWg;gpdu;fisf; nfhz;lJ.
,tu;fs; 4 tUl fhyq;fSf;F gjtp tfpf;fyhk; vdTk; ,tu;fSila rk;gsk;
jpul;L epjpapy; ,Ue;J toq;fg;gLtNjhL ,tu;fSila gjtpf;fhyj;jpy;
mtu;fSila rk;gsk; Fiwf;fg;glyhfhJ vdTk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,r;rigapd;
cWg;gpdu;fshf Njrpa muRg; Nguit cWg;gpdu;fs; vf;fhuzk; nfhz;Lk;
epakpf;fg;glyhfhJ. Nkw;gb cWg;gpdu;fspy; ahuhtJ ,we;jhy; my;yJ
gjtpapy; ,Ue;J ePf;fpf; nfhz;lhy; Gjpa xUtiu [dhjpgjp epakpg;ghu;.
Gjpjhf epakdk; ngWgtu; ePf;fg;gl;ltupd; gjtpf;fhyj;jpd; vQ;rpa gFjpf;Nf
flikahw;Wtu;.

A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 17

,e;ePjpkd;wk; njhopw;gLtjw;F gpd;tUk; ,U tifahd Vw;ghLfs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
1. ehl;L eydpw;F mtrukhd kNrhjhf;fs;:
,jd;gb ,k;kNrhjhf;fis rghehafu; my;yJ cjtp rghehafu;
ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F mDg;gpitg;ghu;. murpay; mikg;G ePjpkd;w k; Fwpj;j
kNrhjh murpay; mikg;gpw;F KuzhdJ my;yJ KuzhdJ my;y
my;yJ KuzhdJ vd;gjpy; re;Njfk; cz;L vd;Dk; jd;Dila
MNyhridia me;ePjpkd;wf; $l;lk; $ba Neuj;jpy; ,Ue;J 24
kzpj;jpahyq;fSf;Fs; rghehafUf;F mwptpj;jpy; Ntz;L k;. rghehafu;
Fwpj;j kNrhjhit murpay; mikg;G ePjpkd;wj;jpd; mwpTiuiag;
ngWk;tiuf;Fk; Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd; epfo;r;rp epuypy; Nru;f;ff;$lhJ.
2. rhjhuz my;yJ mtrukw;w kNrhjhf;fs;:
Fwpg;gpl;l kNrhjh Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd; epfo;r;rp epuypy; Nru;f;fg;gl;L 7
ehl;fSf;Fs; rghehafUf;F mwptpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. rghehafu;
,k;kNrhjhitg; guprPyid nra;Ak;gb murpay; mikg;G ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F
mDg;gp itg;ghu;. ,j;jifa kNrhjhf;fs; njhlu;ghf gpd;tUNthu;
rghehafu; Clhf murpay; mikg;G ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F kDf;fis mDg;gyhk;.
,j;jifa murpay; mikg;G ePjpkd;wj;jpw;Ff; fpilj;J 14 ehl;fSf;Fs;
jdJ Kbtpid mwptpf;Fk;.
1. VjhtnjhU mq;fpfupf;fg;gl;l murpay; fl;rpapd; jiytu; Fwpg;gpl;l
kNrhjh ahg;ig ghjpf;fpd;wJ vd rghehafiu Nfl;Fk; NghJ.
2. Njrpa muRg; Nguit cWg;gpdu;fspy; 20 f;FNkw;gl;ltu;fs;.
rghehafiu Ntz;bf; nfhs;Sk; NghJ.
3. rl;lj;Jiw jiyik mjpgjp Fwpg;gpl;l kNrhjh murpay; mikg;ig
Gwf;fzpf;fpd;wJ vdf; fUjp rghehafUf;F mwptpf;Fk; NghJ.
4. rghehafu; jhkjkhfNt VjhtJ kNrhjh murpay; mikg;ig
kPWfpd;wJ vd fUJk; NghJ.
5. gpui[fs; vtuhapDk; Fwpg;gpl;l kNrhjh murpay; ahg;ig kPWfpd;wJ
vd murpay; ahg;G ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Clhf rghehafiu Ntz;bf;
nfhs;Sk; NghJ.
Njrpa muRg; Nguit ,aw;Wk; rl;lq;fs; murpay; mikg;gpw;F Kuzhff;
fhzg;gbd; mJ njhlu;ghf guprPyid nra;J Njrpa muRg; Nguitf;F
MNyhrid $wntd “murpay; mikg;G ePjp kd;wk;” xd;W cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
,e;ePjpkd;wk; VjhtJ xU rl;l%yj;ij murpay; mikg;gpw;F KuzhdJ vdj;
jPu;g;gspj;jhYk; 2/3 ngUk;ghd;ikAld; mjid epiwNtw;Wk; mjpfhuk; Njrpa
muRg; Nguitf;F ,Ue;jJ.
1k;mj;jpahak; - 5tJ ruj;J Njrpa muRg;NguitNa ,yq;if Fbaurpd; mur
mjpfhuj;jpd; mjpAah;; fUtp vd Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; ,e; ePjpkd;wj;jpd;
KbTfSk; jPu;khdq;fSk; Njrpa muRg;Nguitapd; ,iwikf;F fl;Lg;gl;lit
vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; rghehafNu ,jd; nraw;ghLfis
Muk;gpg;gtuhfTk; Kbj;Jitg;gtuhfTk; nraw;gl;lhu;. ,jdhy; ,e;ePjpkd;wk;
rghehafupdhy; ,aq;Fk; ,ae;jpuk; vd tpku;rpf;fg;gl;lJ.

A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 18

 Fbaurpd; [dhjpgjp (1972)
murpayikg;gpd; 7tJ mj;jpahaj;jpy; [dhjpgjp gw;wpa tplaq;fs;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. ,yq;if Fbaurpd; [dhjpgjp xUtu; ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk; vdTk; mtNu murpd; jiytuhfTk; MAjk; jhq;fpa gilapd;
jiytuhfTk; ,Ug;ghu; vdTk; Nghu; rkhjhdk;> mtrufhy epyik
vd;gtw;iw gpufldg; gLj;Jthu; vdTk; Njrpa muRg;Nguitia $l;Ljy;>
fiyj;jy; vd;gtw;iw nra;thu; vdTk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j 7tJ
mj;jpahak; 25tJ ruj;jpy; thf;fspf;fj; jFjp ngw;w gpui[fs; vtiuAk;
gpujkh; [dhjpgjpahf epakpf;fyhk; vd Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
[dhjpgjpapd; gjtpf;fhyk; 04 tUlq;fshFk;. kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; vj;jid
jlitAk; epakpf;fg;glyhk;. ,tu; gpujkuhy; epakpf;fg;gLthu;. epakdk; ngWk;
[dhjpgjp gpujk ePjpauru; Kd;dpiyapy; rj;jpag;gpukhzk; nra;J gjtpia
Vw;Wf;nfhs;thu;.
,jd; %yk; ,yq;ifapy; 1974 murpay; ahg;gpd; fPo; kfhNjrhjpgjpia
gpupj;jhdpa kfhuhzpahu; epakpj;j epyik khwp jw;NghJ ,jid ,yq;ifg;
gpujkh; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;whu;. Gjpa ahg;Gk; gpupj;jhdpa Kbapy; ,Ue;J jd;id
tpLtpj;Jf; nfhz;ljd; fhuzkhf gpupj;jhdpa kfhuhzpahu; ,J tiu fhyKk;
ngw;wpUe;j Nghu;> rkhjhdk; vd;gtw;iw gpufldg; gLj;Jjy; mtru fhy
epyikia gpwg;gpj;jy; vd;gtw;iw [dhjpgjp ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;whu;. vd;whYk;
rl;lrigapdhy; epiwNtw;wg;gLk; kNrhjhf;fSf;F xg;gkpl;Lk; mjpfhukpy;iy.

murpd; jiytu; vd;wtifapy; mjpfhuk;.

1. rlq;F uPjpahd mku;TfSf;Fj; jiyik jhq;Fjy;.
2. ru;tNjrj;jpy; ,yq;ifiag; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jjy;.
3. fhzp ed;nfhilfis toq;Fjy;.
4. Njrpa tpohf;fSf;fSf;Fj; jiyik jhq;Fjy;.
5. nfsutg; gl;lq;fis toq;Fjy;

rl;lj;Jiwrhu; mjpfhuk;.
1. Njrpa muRg;Nguitiaf; $l;Ljy;> fiyj;jy;> xj;jp itj;jy;.
2. Njrpa muRg;Nguitapy; rpk;khrdg; gpurq;fk; epfo;j;Jjy;.
3. Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd; rlq;FKiwahd ,Uf;iffSf;Fj;
jiyikjhq;Fjy;.
4. Njrpa muRg;Nguitapd; nrayhsu; ehafj;ij epakpj;jy; (rghehafupd;
mDkjpAld;)

epu;thfj;Jiwrhu; mjpfhuk;.
1. mikr;ru;fis epakpj;jy;.
2. gpujkiu epakpj;jy;.
3. ntspehl;Lj; J}Jtu;fis epakpj;jYk; mq;fPfupj;jYk;.
4. Kg;gilj; jsgjpfis epakpj;jy;.
5. mur ,yl;rpidia itj;jpUj;jy;.
6. nghJr;Nrit xOf;fhw;Wr;rig> MNyhridr;rig Mizf;FOtpw;F
cWg;gpdu;fis epakpj;jy;.
7. mur cau; mjpfhupfis epakpj;jy;.
8. Nghu;gg
; pufldk; nra;jYk;> rkhjhdk; nra;jYk;.

A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 19

 9. mikr;Rf;fspd; nrayhsu;fis epakpj;jy;.
10. fzf;fha;thsu; ehafj;ij epakpj;jy;.

ePjpj;Jiwrhu; mjpfhuk;.
1. gpujk ePjpauru;> cau;kd;w ePjpauru;fis epakpj;jy;.
2. Fw;wthspfSf;F kd;dpg;G toq;FjYk;> jz;lidiaf; Fiwj;jYk;.
3. ePjpr;Nrit MNyhridr; rig> xOf;fhw;Wr; rig Mizf;FO
cWg;gpdu;fis epakpj;jy;.

Nkw;gb mjpfhuq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ [dhjpgjpahdtu; rl;l

ePjp> epu;thfj;Jiw midj;jpYk; mjpfhuq;fis ngw;Ws;shu; vd;gij
mwpayhk;. ahg;gpd; 27k; ruj;jpd; gpufhuk; ,t;thwhd mjpfhuq;fs; [dhjpgjpf;Ff;
fhzg;gl;l NghjpYk; ,t;tjpfhuq;fis gpujkupd; MNyhridapd; gbNa
nraw;gLj;jyhk;.
Mdhy; ,t;tjpfhuq;fis [dhjpgjp nfhz;bUe;j NghjpYk; mtw;iw
jd;dpr;irahf; nraw;gLj;j KbahJ. khwhf gpujkupd; MNyhridg; gbNa
jkJ mjpfhuj;ij nraw;gLj;j KbAk;. vdNt [dhjpgjpahdtu;; gpujkupd; fPo;
,aq;fp tUk; xU ngausT epu;thfpahfNt fhzg;gLfpd;whu;. vd;gJ
njspthfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; Nrhy;gup murpay; ahg;gpd; fPo; kfh Njrhjpgjp
ngw;wpUe;j epiyNa 1972 [dhjpgjpAk; ngw;wpUf;fpd;whu; vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.
Nrhy;ghp murpayikg;G Kbapy; ,Ue;J tpLgl;likapdhy; gpupj;jhdpa
kfhuhzpahu; ,e;j ehl;bd; kPJ nfhz;bUe;j mjpfhuq;fis [dhjpgjp ngw;Wf;
nfhs;fpd;whNu jtpu Nrhy;gup mikg;gpd; kfhNjrhjpgjpia tpl $ba
mjpfhuj;ij ngw;Ws;shu; vd ehk; $w KbahJ.
,tu; ,yq;ifapy; ,y;yhj re;ju;g;gj;jpy; my;yJ RfaPdKw;W ,Uf;F k;
Ntiyapk; rl;lj;Jiw jiyik mjpgjp [dhjpgjpahff; flikahw;Wthu; vd
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. [dhjpgjpapd; gjtpf;fhyk; Fwpg;gpl;l 4
tUlq;fSf;fpilapy; gpd;tUk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; khj;jpuNk ntw;wplkhFk;.
1. [dhjpgjp ,wf;Fk; NghJ
2. [dhjpgjp gpujkUf;F Kftupapl;l fbjk; xd;iw mDg;gp jhdhfNt
,uh[pdhkh nra;Ak; NghJ
3. [dhjpgjp cly;> cs> uPjpahf gytPdKw;W ,Uf;fpwhu; vd gpujku;
czUk; NghJ.
4. Kjyikr;rupd; gpNuhuid xd;W [dhjpgjpf;F vjpuhf Njrpa muRg;
Nghuit epiwNtw;wg;gLk; NghJ
Njrpa muRg;Nguit cWg;gpdu;fspy; rpyh; [dhjpgjpf;F vjpuhf
ek;gpf;ifapy;yh Fw;wg;gpNuuid jPu;khzk; nfhz;L tUk; NghJ. ,t;thwhf
nfhz;L tug;gLk; gpNuuidfs; r%fkspf;fhj Njrpa muRg;Nguitapd;
cWg;gpdu;fs; cl;gl Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd; cWg;gpdu;fsspy; 3,y; 2
gFjpapduhy; epiwNtw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 20

 Nrhy;gup kw;Wk; Kjyhk; FbauR ahg;Gf;fspd ngausT
epu;thfk; Xu; xg;gPL

Nrhy;gupapd; kfh Njrhjpgjp FbauR [dhjpgjp

murpayikg;gpd; 7tJ
mj;jpahaj;jpy; ,yq;if Fbaurpd;
[dhjpgjp xUtu; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;
Nrhy;gup murpaw; jpl;lj;jpd; gpufhuk; vdTk; mtNu murpd;
gpupj;jhdpa KbNa murpd; jiytuhfTk; MAjk; jhq;fpa
jiytuhf tpsq;Fthu;. ,jd; gilapd; jiytuhfTk; ,Ug;ghu;
1. gpujpepjpahf kfh Njrhjpgjp vdTk; Nghu; rkhjhdk;>
,yq;ifia topelhj;jpdhu;. ,tu; mtrufhy epyik vd;gtw;iw
gpujkupd; rpghuprpdhy; Kb gpufldg; gLj;Jthu; vdTk; Njrpa
epakpj;jhu;. muRg;Nguitia $l;Ljy;>
fiyj;jy; vd;gtw;iw nra;thu;
vdTk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,tUk;
rl;lrig cWg;gpdu; my;y.
,tuJ gjtpf;fhyk;
tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.
MapDk; gjtpapy ,Ug;gtiu
kPz;Lk; epakpj;jy; my;yJ
Gjpatiu epakpj;jy; njhlu;ghf 05 [dhjpgjpapd; gjtpf;fhyk; 04
tUlq;fshFk;. kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;
2. tUlk;; xU jlit rPu;J}f;fpg; vj;jid jlitAk;
ghu;f;Fk; toik ,Ue;J te;jJ. epakpf;fg;glyhk;.
,yq;ifg; gpujku; tpUk;Gk;
fhyk;tiuf;Fk; ,tu; gjtp
tfpf;fyhk;. vj;jid jlitAk;
epakpf;fg;glyhk;.
,tu; ,yq;ifapy; ,y;yhj
re;ju;g;gj;jpy; my;yJ RfaPdKw;W
kfhNjrhjpgjp ,y;yhj rkaq;fspy; ,Uf;Fk; NtisapYk; rl;lj;Jiw
3. jiyik mjpgjp [dhjpgjpahff;
gpujk ePjpauru; gjtp tfpg;ghu;
flikahw;Wthu; vd
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
gpd;tUk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; khj;jpuNk
ntWikahdJ MFk;.
1. [dhjpgjp ,wf;Fk; NghJ
2. [dhjpgjp jhdhfNt
,uh[pdhkh nra;Ak; NghJ
,tiug; gjtp ePf;fNtz;Lkhapd; 3. [dhjpgjp cly;> cs> uPjpahf
gpujkupd; jfTiu gpupj;jhdpa gytPdKw;W ,Uf;fpwhu; vd
4. gpujku; czUk; NghJ.
Kbf;F mDg;gg;gl;L mjd; %yk;
gjtp ePf;fKbAk;. 4. Kjyikr;rupd; gpNuuid xd;W
[dhjpgjpf;F vjpuhf Njrpa
muRg; Nghuitapy;
epiwNtw;wg;gLk; NghJ
Njrpa muRg;Nguit cWg;gpdu;fspy;
rpyh; [dhjpgjpf;F vjpuhf

A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 21

 ek;gpf;ifapy;yh Fw;wg;gpNuuid
jPu;khdk; nfhz;L tUk; NghJ.
,t;thwhf nfhz;L tug;gLk;
gpNuuidfs; r%fkspf;fhj Njrpa
muRg;Nguitapd; cWg;gpdu;fs;
cl;gl Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd;
cWg;gpdu;fspy; 3,y; 2
gFjpapduhy; epiwNtw;wg;gl
Ntz;Lk;.

gpupj;jhdpa Kbapd; my;yJ mtuJ gpujk ePjpauru; Kd;dpiyapy;

gpujpepjpapd; Kd;dpiyapy; rj;jpag;gpukhzk; nra;J
5.
rj;jpag;gpukhzk; nra;J gjtpNaw;ghu;.
gjtpNaw;ghu;.
xw;Wikfs;
 vt;thwpUe;jNghjpYk; ,UtUk; ehk epu;thfpfNs. gpujkupd;
mNyhridapd;wp ,tu;fshy; jkJ mjpfhuq;fisg; gpuNahfpf; Kbahj
if nghk;ikfshfNt nraw;gl;ldu;.

 Nrhy;gup ahg;gpd;gb Kbapd; gpujpepjpahfTk; 1k; Fbaurpd;gb xU

6.
ahg;gyq;fhukhfTNk ,tu;fs; njhopw;gl;ldu;.

 ,tu;fs; ,UtUk; ntWk; rpk;khrdg; gpurq;fk; epfo;j;Jk; egu;fshfj;

njhopw;gl;lJld; gpujkupd; nraw;fukhfTk; njhopw;gl;ldu;.

 ,tu;fs; ,Utupd; epakdk; njhlu;ghf gpujkUf;F mjpfhuk; ,Ue;jJ.

mikr;ruitAk; gpujkUk;. (mj;jpahak; - XIII)

gpujku;
Kjyhk; FbauR murpay; mikg;gpy; [dhjpgjp murpd; jiytuhff;
fhzg;gl;lNghjpYk; gpujhdkhd epiwNtw;W mjpfhupahf gpujkNu fhzg;gLthu;.
,tu; Njrpa muRg; Nguitf;fhd Nju;jy; Kbtile;jTld; ngUk;ghd;ik
Mrdq;fisg; ngw;W ntw;wpaPl;ba fl;rpapy; ,Ue;J ngUk;ghd;ikia
epUgpf;ff;$ba xUtiu [dhjpgjp gpujkuhf epakdk; nra;thu;.

Nguitapd; cWg;gpdu; my;yhj xUtiuAk; [dhjpgjp epakdk; nra;ayhk;.

MapDk; mtu; 06 khj fhyj;jpDs; Nguit cWg;gpduhf tUjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,tu;
Njrpa muRg;Nguitapd; Kd;dpiyapy; rj;jpag;gpukhzk; nra;J gjtpNaw;wy;
Ntz;Lk;.

,jd; gpd;du; mikr;ru;fis epakpf;f KbAk;. ,jd;NghJ>

 mikr;ru;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiaj; jPu;khdpj;jy;
 jhd; tpUk;Gfpd;wNghJ mikr;Rf;fis khw;w KbAk;. xUtupd;
mikr;rpidg; gwpf;f KbAk;.
 mikr;Rf;fspd; jpizf;fsq;fis khw;w KbAk;.
 gpujp mikr;ru;fis epakdk; nra;jy;.
 jdf;Fj; Njitahd mikr;Rf;fis jd; trk; itj;jpUj;jy;.
A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 22
  mikr;ruitf;F jiyik jhq;Fjy;.
 mikr;ruitf; $l;lq;fis elhj;Jjy;.
 ke;jpup rigapd; nfhs;iffis tFj;jy;.
 ke;jpup rigapd; $l;Lg;nghWg;ig nraw;gLj;jy;.
Nkw;$wg;gl;l tplaq;fSld; gpd;tUk; mjpfhuq;fisAk; ,tu; ngw;wpUe;jhu;.

rl;lj;Jiw rhu; mjpfhuk;

1. Njrpa muRg;Nguitiaf; $l;Ljy;> fiyj;jy;> xj;jp itj;jy;.
2. Njrpa muRg; Nguitapy; murhq;f FOtpwFj; jiyikjhq;Fjy;.
3. Kf;fpakhd kNrhjhf;fis jk mikr;ru;fspd; Clhf mwpKfg;gLj;Jjy;.
4. rl;lrigapy; jkJ fl;rp cWg;gpdu;fisf; fl;Lg;ghl;by; itj;jpUj;jy;.
5. rl;lrigapd; epfo;r;rp epuiyj;; jhahupg;gjpy; rghehafUf;F MNyhrid
$Wjy;.
6. mtrufhyr; rl;lj;jpid ,aw;Wjy;.

epu;thfj;Jiwrhu; mjpfhuk;.
1. ntspehl;Lj; J}Jtu;fis epakpj;jYk; mq;fPfupj;jYk;.
2. Kg;gilj; jsgjpfis epakpj;jy;.
3. mur ,yl;rpidia itj;jpUj;jy;.
4. nghJr;Nrit xOf;fhw;Wr;rig> MNyhridr;rig Mizf;FOtpw;F
cWg;gpdu;fis epakpj;jy;.
5. mur cau; mjpfhupfis epakpj;jy;.
6. Nghu;gg
; pufldk; nra;jYk;> rkhjhdk; nra;jYk;.
7. mikr;Rf;fspd; nrayhsu;fis epakpj;jy;.
8. fzf;fha;thsu; ehafj;ij epakpj;jy;.

ePjpj;Jiwrhu; mjpfhuk;.
1. gpujk ePjpauru;> cau;kd;w ePjpauru;fis epakpj;jy;.
2. Fw;wthspfSf;F kd;dpg;G toq;FjYk;> jz;lidiaf; Fiwj;jYk;.
3. ePjpr;Nrit MNyhridr; rig> xOf;fhw;Wr; rig Mizf;FO
cWg;gpdu;fis epakpj;jy;.

mikr;ruit.
mikr;ruitapd; jiytuhf gpujkNu fhzg;gLthu;. ,e;jtifapy; ,tu; rfy
mikr;ru;fisAk; epakdk; nra;tJ njhlu;;ghf [dhjpgjpf;F MNyhrid
toq;Fthu;. ,tuJ MNyhridapd; gbNa [dhjpgjp mikr;ru;fisAk; gpujp
mikr;ru;fisAk; epakdk; nra;thu;. epakdk; nra;ag;gl;l mikr;ru;fSk; gpujp
mikr;ru;fSk; gpujku; Kd;dpiyapy; rj;jpag;gpukhzk; nra;Jnfhs;tu;.
Nguitapd; cWg;gpdu; my;yhj xUtiuAk; [dhjpgjp epakdk; nra;ayhk;.
MapDk; mtu; 06 khj fhyj;jpDs; Nguit cWg;gpduhf tUjy; Ntz;Lk;.

Fwpj;j mikr;ru; xUtu; jdJ gjtpfis tfpf;f Kbahjtplj;J mjid

jdf;Ff; fPo; cs;s gpujp mikr;rUf;F ifaspf;fyhk;. mikr;ru; xUtu; gjtp
tpyfpdhy; my;yJ ,we;jhy; mtuJ mikr;R njhlu;ghd mjpfhuq;fs; gpujkupd;
iffSf;Fr; NrUk;. kPz;Lk; mjw;Fg; gjpyhf ,d;DnkhUtiu mikr;ruhf
epakdk; nra;ayhk;.

A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 23

mikr;ruitahdJ $l;Lg; nghWg;Gld; njopw;gl Ntz;Lk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;lJ.
mikr;ruitahdJ rpy flikfis epiNtw;w Ntz;Lk; vd murpay; ahg;G
tpjpj;jpUe;jJ.
1. mur mYtyu;fsJ epakdk;> ,lkhw;wk;> gjtp cau;T> gjtp ePf;fk;>
xOff;fl;Lg;ghL vd;gd mikr;ruitapd; kPJ nghWg;ghf;fg;gl;lJld;> ,J
njhlu;;ghf Njrpa muRg; Nguitf;F gjpyspf;fTk; Ntz;Lk; vd
tpjpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,J njhlu;;ghf Nrhy;gup murpaw;jpl;;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l
“nghJr;Nrit Mizf;FO” Gjpa murpaw; jpl;lj;;jpy; ePf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
mjw;Fg; gjpyhf mikr;ruitf;F MNyhrid $Wtjw;;F vd “murNrit
MNyhridr; rig”> “mur Nrit xOf;fhw;Wr; rig” vd;gd
cUthf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

2. mur mYtyu;fsJ epakdk;> ,lkhw;wk;> gjtp cau;T> gjtp ePf;fk;>

xOff;fl;Lg;ghL vd;gd mikr;ruitapd; kPJ nghWg;ghf;fg;gl;lJld;> ,J
njhlu;;ghf Njrpa muRg; Nguitf;F gjpyspf;fTk; Ntz;Lk; vd
tpjpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,J njhlu;;ghf Nrhy;gup murpaw;jpl;;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l
“ePjpr;Nrit Mizf;FO” Gjpa murpaw; jpl;lj;;jpy; ePf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. mjw;Fg;
gjpyhf mikr;ruitf;F MNyhrid $Wtjw;;F vd “ePjpr;Nrit
MNyhridr; rig”> “ePjpr; Nrit xOf;fhw;Wr; rig” vd;gd
cUthf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

3. murNrit Myhrid> xOf;fhw;Wr; rig kw;Wk; ePjpr;Nrit MNyhrid>

kw;Wk; xOf;fhwWr; rig vd;gdtw;wpw;fhd nrayhsu;fis epakpf;F k;
nghWg;Gk; mikr;ruit kPJ Rkj;jg; gl;bUe;jJ.

Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l murpay; ahg;gpd; Clhd mjpfhuq;fSld; mikr;ruitfF vd

rpy ghuk;gupakhd flikfSk; toq;fg;gl;bUe;jd.
1. Njrpa muRg; NguitfFj; Njitahd rl;l%yq;fis cUthf;Fjy;.
2. cUthf;fpa rl;l%yq;fis rk;ke;jg;gl;l mikr;rupd; Clhf Njrpa muRg;
Nguitapy; rku;gg ; pj;jy;.
3. Njrpa muRg; Nguitapy; mJ njhlu;ghd tpthjq;fs ,lk;ngWk;NghJ jkJ
gf;fj;jpid epahag;gLj;jp NgRjy;.
4. Njrpa muRg; Nguitapdhy; ,aw;wg;gl;l rl;lq;fis mKy;gLj;jy;.
5. mt;thW mKy;gLj;Jk;NghJ Njrpa muRg; Nguitf;F gjpy; $wf;$bathW
ele;J nfhs;Sjy;.
6. nghUshjhu tPo;r;rp> Ntiyapd;ik Nghd;w nghUshjhug; gpur;rpidfSf;F
jPu;T fhZjy;.
7. nkhop> kjk;> fyhrhuk; njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;T fhZjy;.

mikr;ruitf;fhd rl;lg; ghJfhg;Gk; ahg;gpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ. mikr;ruit

Nkw;nfhs;Sk; vejnthU jPu;khdq;fs; njhlu;;ghfTk; ehl;by; ePjpia eu;;tfpf;Fk;
ve;jnthU ePjpkd;wj;jpYk; Nfs;tp vOg;gKbahJ.

A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 24

 nkhop (mj;jpahak; - III)
FbauR murpay; jpl;lj;jpd; 3tJ mj;jpahaj;jpd; 7tJ ruj;J ,yq;if
G+uhfTk; rpq;fsNk epu;thf nkhopahf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd
Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy; 8tJ ruj;jpd; KjyhtJ cg gpupT jkpo; nkhopapd;
cgNahfkhd 1958k; Mz;bd; 28k; ,yf;f jkpo; nkhop tpNrl Vw;ghLfs;
rl;lj;jpw;F ,zq;f ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd $Wfpd;wJ. NkYk; 8k; ruj;jpd;
2tJ cggpupT 28k; ,yf;f jkpo; nkhop tpNrl rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Mf;fg;gl;L
eilKiwapypUe;J tUk; tpjpfs; murpay; jpl;lj;jpd; Vw;ghlhf nghUs;
nfhs;syhfhJ vdf; $Wfpd;wJ. ,jpypUe;J jkpo; nkhopf; F ,t;turpay;;
jpl;lj;jpy; epahakhd me;j];j;Jf;fs; vJTk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gJ
njspthfpd;wJ.
9tJ ruj;jpd; 1tJ cggpuptpy; rl;lthf;f nkhopgw;wpf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mjhtJ ,k;KjyhtJ cggpuptpy; ,yq;ifapy; ,aw;wg;gLk; rl;lq;fs; ahTk;
rpq;fsj;jpy; ,aw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; 2tJ
cggpuptpy; ,r;rl;lq;fs; xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; jkpo; nkhopngau;g;G ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk; vdf;Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ.
mLj;J 3mj;-11tJ ruj;J ePjpkd;w nkhopgw;wp Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. mjhtJ
ePjpkd;wq;fspYk; ePjpia epu;zapf;Fk; Vida epahjpf;f rigfspYk; rpq;fsNk
,yq;if K%tJk; nkhopahff; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd Fwpg;gpl 11tJ
ruj;jpd; 3tJ gpupT tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fSf;F tpNrl Vw;ghLfs;
toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;gFjpapy; gpui[ xUtu; ePjpkd;wq;fspy; rku;g;gpf;Fk; jdJ
tpz;zg;gq;fs;> kDf;fs; vd;gtw;iw jkpopy; jhf;fy; nra;ayhk; vd
Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. vdpDk; jkpopy; jhf;fy; nra;ag;gLk;; kDf;fs; njhlHghd
tplaq;fSf;F rpq;fs nkhop ngaHg;G ,Uj;jy; mtrpa k; vdf;
Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ.

,t;tplak; cd;ikapy; tlfpof;F jtpu;e;j Vida khfhzq;fspy; ,Uf;F k;

jkpo; nkhopiag; NgRfpd;w kf;fis nghWj;J kpfTk; ghuJ}ukhdJ vd
Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt 1972 tJ FbauR murpay; jpl;lj;jpd; epu;thf
nkhop rl;l Mf;f nkhop vd;gtw;wpy; jkpopw;J epahakhd me;j];J
toq;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.

kjk; (mj;jpahak; - II)

murpay; jpl;ljpy; ,uz;;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ,yq;if FbauR ngsj;j kjj;jpw;F
Kjyplk; toq;f Ntz;Lk;. vd;gJld; mjidg; Ngzpg; ghJfhj;jYk;
tsu;j;jYk; murpd; jiyahf flik vd Fwpg;gplg;;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;thW ngsj;j
kjj;jpw;F toq;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; Kd;Dupik gw;wp Vida kjj;
jiytu;fspilNa tpku;rdq;fs; Kd;itf;fg;gl;ld. mjhtJ gy ,d kj
nkhop nfhz;l kf;fs; thOk; ,yq;ifapy; jdpnahU kjj;jpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
mspj;Js;sik gpioahdJ vdTk; khwhf ,e;jpah murpayikg;gpy;
cs;sijg;Nghd;W ,yq;if Fbauir Xu; kjr;rhu;gw;w muir cUthf;fp
,Ue;jhy; rpwg;Gilajhf mike;jpUf;Fk; vd fUj;J ntspapl;ldu;.

nghJr; Nrit my;yJ murNrit my;yJ gfpuq;f Nrit

Nrhy;gupahg;gpd; fPo; nghJr; Nritia fz;fhdpg;gjw; nfd mikf;fg;gl;bUe;j
nghJr; Nrit Mizf;FO ePf;fg;gl;L Gjpa (1972) ahg;gpy; nghJr; Nrit

A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 25

MNyhriz rig nghJr;Nrit xOf;fhw;Wr; rig vd;w ,Urigfs; mwpKfk;
nra;ag;gl;lik 47k; murpay; ahg;gpy; ,Ue;J 72 FbauR murpay; jpl;l k;
tpyfpr; nry;tijNa fhl;Lfpd;wJ. nghJr;Nrit cj;jpNahj;ju;fspd; gjtp
toq;fy;> gjtpAau;T vd;gd rk;ge;jkhf MNyhrid toq;Ftjw;fhf nghJr;
Nrit MNyhridr; rigAk; murhq;f Nritahsu;fspd; gjtp ePf;fk;
xOf;ff;fl;Lg;ghL vd;gd gw;wp MNyhrid toq;Ftjw;fhf mur Nrit
xOf;fhw;Wr; rigAk; 1972 murpay; ahg;gpy; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

murNrit MNyhridr; rig

murNit cj;jpNahfj;ju;fsJ epakdk;> gjtp cau;T njhlu;ghf
mikr;ruitf;F MNyhrid toq;Fjy; ,r;rigapd; gpujhd flikahFk;.
mikr;ruitahdJ jpizf;fsj; jiytu;fs;> kw;Wk; NtW gjtpfSf;F
Ml;fis epakpf;Fk;NghJ ,r;;rigapd; MNyhridfisg; ngw;wjd; gpd;dNu
eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd murpay; mikg;Gf; Fwpg;gpl;lJ.
,r;rigapy; 3 cWg;gpdu;fs; fhzg;gLtu;. ,tu;fs;; 3NgUk; gpujkupd;
rpghuprpd;gb [dhjpgjpahy; epakpf;fg;gLtu;. ,tu;fsJ rk;gsk; Njrpa muRg;
Nguitahy; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;L jul;L epjpkPJ nghWg;ghf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,tu;fspy;
xUtu; jiytuhf epakpf;fg;gLthu;. ,jd; gjtpf;fhyk; 4 tUlq;fshFk;.

Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd; cWg;gpdu;fNsh> mur mYtyu;fNsh> murNrit

xOf;fhw;Wr; rig cWg;gpdu;fNsh ,r;rigf;F epakf;fg;glf;$lhJ.
mikr;ruitahy; epakpf;fg;gLk; xUtu;; murNrit MNyhridr; rigapd;
nrayhsuhff;; filik Gupthu;;.

mur Nrit xOf;fhw;Wr; rig.

murNit cj;jpNahfj;ju;fsJ ,lk; khw;wk;> gjtp ePffk;> xOf;ff; fl;Lg;ghL
njhlu;ghf mikr;ruitf;F MNyhrid toq;Fjy; ,r;rigapd; gpujhd
flikahFk;. mikr;ruitahdJ jpizf;fsj; jiytu;fs;> kw;Wk; NtW
gjtpfspd; Ml;fSfF ,lk;khw;wk;> gjtp ePf;fk;> xOf;fhw;W eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ ,r;;rigapd; MNyhridfisg; ngw;wjd; gpd;dNu
eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd murpay; mikg;Gf; Fwpg;gpl;lJ.

,r;rigapy; 3 cWg;gpdu;fs; fhzg;gLtu;. ,tu;fs;; 3NgUk; gpujkupd;

rpghuprpd;gb [dhjpgjpahy; epakpf;fg;gLtu;. ,tu;fsJ rk;gsk; Njrpa muRg;
Nguitahy; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;L jul;L epjpkPJ nghWg;ghf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,tu;fspy;
xUtu; jiytuhf epakpf;fg;gLthu;. ,jd; gjtpf;fhyk; 4 tUlq;fshFk;.

Njrpa muRg; Nguitapd; cWg;gpdu;fNsh> mur mYtyu;fNsh> murNrit

Myhridr; rig cWg;gpdu;fNsh ,r;rigf;F epakf;fg;glf;$lhJ.
mikr;ruitahy; epakpf;fg;gLk; xUtu;; murNrit MNyhridr; rigapd;
nrayhsuhff;; filik Gupthu;;.
Mdhy; murpay; jpl;lj;jpd; 106tJ gpuptpy; KjyhtJ cggpupT
cj;jpNahfj;ju;fspd; gjtp toq;fy; gjtpAau;T xOf;ff;fl;Lg;ghL vd;gtw;iw
ke;jpuprig mq;fj;jtu;fspd; iffspy; nghWg;ghf;fpaikapdhy; nghJr;Nrit
MNyhrid rigAk; xOf;fhw;Wr; rigAk; Njrpa muRg;Nguitapd;
mjpfhuj;Jf;Fs; epd;W MNyhrid $Wk; rigahfNt mike;Js;sJ. ,J
nghJr; Nritf;F murpay; rhak; G+Rk; nraw;ghl;il Cf;Ftpj;jJld; murpay;
A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 26
rfhaKiwapyhd epakdq;fs; ,lk;;ngwTk; toptFj;jd. ,J ,yq;ifapd;
murhq;f epu;thf Kiwia rPu;Fiyf;Fk; vd tpku;rpf;fg;gl;lJ.

ePjpr; Nrit
murpay; jpl;lj;jpd; 125tJ ruj;jpd; 1tJ cggpuptpy; ePjpr;Nrit gw;wp
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nrhy;gup ahg;gpd; fPo; ,Ue;J te;j ePjpr; Nrit
Mizf;FO ePf;fg;gl;L mjw;Fg;gjpyhf ePjpr;Nrit MNyhridr; rig> ePjpr;
Nrit xOf;fhw;Wr; rig vd;w ,Urigfis murpay; ahg;G mwpKfk;
nra;fpd;wJ. ,J Nrhy;gup ahg;gpy; ,Ue;J tpyfpr; nry;Y k; mk;rq;fspy;
xd;whfNt mike;jpUf;fpd;;wJ.

ePjpr; Nrit MNyhridr; rig

fPo;epiy ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpfspd; epakdk;> gjtp cau;T njhlu;ghf
mikr;ruit;f;F MNyhrid toqFjk; rigNa ,JthFk;. fPoepiy
ePjpkdwq;fspd; epakdq;fs Nkwnfhs;sg;gLk;NghJ ,e;ePr;Nrit MNyhridr;
rig epakdj;jpw;fhf tpz;zg;gpf;fgg;l;l tpz;zg;;gjhuu;fspd; ngaiuAk;
mtu;fspy; jhq;fs; rpghupR nra;jtu;fspd; ngaiuAk; mikr;ruitf;F mDg;gp
itf;Fk;. mikr;ruit mjid mg;gbNa mq;fPfupf;fyhk;. my;yJ mjpy; NtW
khw;wq;;fisr; nra;ayhk;. mt;thW khw;wq;fisr; nra;Ak;NghJ mJ
njhlu;;ghf Njrpa muRg; Nguitf;F mwpf;if xd;iwr; rku;g;gpj;jy; Ntz;L k;.
ePjpr; Nrit MNyhridr; rig 5 Ngiu cWg;gpdu;fshff; nfhz;bUf;Fk;
vdTk;> mjpy; gpujk ePjpaurH jtpHe;j VidNaiu [dhjpgjp njupT nra;thH.
vdTk; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jJ. jiytuhf gpujk ePjpaurNu njhopw;gLthH.;
gjtpf;fhyk; 4 tUlq;fshFk;.
ePjpr; Nrit xOf;fhw;W rig
ePjpr; Nrit xOf;fhw;W rigia Nehf;fpd; mJ gpujk ePjpauriuAk; Vida
[dhjpgjpahy; njupT nra;ag;gl;;l ,U cWg;gpdu;fis nfhz;ljhfTk;
fhzg;gLk;.
fPo;epiy ePjpkd;w cj;jpNahfj;ju;fspd; gjtpePf;fy; xOf;ff; fl;Lg;ghL vd;git
rk;ge;jkhf ke;jpup rigf;F MNyhrid $WtJ khj;jpuNk ,r;;rigapd;
flikahf mike;Js;sJ.

ePjpr; Nritapy; G+u;j;jpAs;s khw;wj;jpd; %yk; Nrhy;gup murpay; ahg;gpd; fPo;

,Ue;J te;j ePjpr; Nrit Midf; FO ePf;fg;gl;L mjw;F ,Ue;j
mjpfhuq;fis ke;jpup rigf;F nghWg;ghf;fg;gl;likapdhy; ,q;Nf
cUthf;fg;gl;l ePjpr; Nrit MNyhrid rig> xOf;fhw;W rig vd;gd ve;j
tpjkhd mjpfhuKk; mw;w ntWk; rigahfNt mike;Js;sJ vdyhk;.

Nrhy;gup ahg;gpd; fPo; ,Ue;J te;j ePjpr;Nritg; gFjp Njrpa muRg;Nguitf;Fg;

nghWg;;ghf;fg;gl;likapdhYk; ePjpj;Jiwapd; Gduha;T mjpfhuk;
gwpf;fg;gl;likapdhYk; ePjpr;Nrit Mizf;FO ePf;fg;gl;likapdhYk; ,g;Gjpa
ahg;gpd; fPo; ePjpj;Jiw xU Rje;jpukw;w Jiwahf mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd
tpku;rpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk; murpayikg;gpd;.; 1-5 ruj;J Njrpa
muRg;Nguitia kPAau; murpay; rf;jpahf mikj;Js;sJ vdf; $Wfpd;wJ
murpayikg;G ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPu;g;gpid 2/3 ngUk;ghd;ikAld; khw;wpaikf;Fk;
mjpfhuj;ij Njrpa muRg;Nguit ngw;wpUe;jhYk; ,e;j murpay; jpl;lk;
ePjpj;Jiw Rje;jpuj;ij Ngztpy;iy vd tpku;rpf;fg;gL fpd;wJ.

A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 27

 ePjpj;Jiw
1972k; Mz;L murpaw; jpl;lj;jpy; Vw;nfdNt Nrhy;gup murpaw;jpl;lj;jpy;
ePjpj;Jiw tptfhuq;fspy; gpupj;jhdpa gpupTf;fTd;]pYf;F ,Ue;j mjpfhuq;fs;
midj;Jk; ePf;fg;gl;lJ. ,yq;if njhlu;ghd ePjpj;Jiw tptfhuq;fs;
midj;Jk; ,yq;ifapd; ePjpj;Jiw mikg;Gf;fsplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;lJ.
,e;jtifapy; ,t;turpy; mikg;gpy; gpd;tUk; ePjpj;Jiw mikg;Gf;fs;
fhzg;gl;ld.
1. cr;r ePjpkd;wk; my;yJ Nkd;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk;.
2. cau; ePjpkd;wk;.
3. khtl;l ePjpkd;wk;.
4. ePjthd; ePjpkd;wk;.
5. tpNrl ePjpkd;wk;
cr;r ePjpkd;wk; my;yJ Nkd;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk;
1972k; Mz;L murpaw; jpl;lj;jpd; ,yq;ifapd; ePjpj;Jiwapd; mjp cau;
mikg;G ,e;ePjpkd;wkhFk;. ,J xU gpujk ePjpauriuAk; 10 – 20 tiuahd
ePjpauru;fisAk; nfhz;lJ. ,tu;fs; gpujkke;jpupapd; rpghuprpd; gb
[dhjpgjpahy; epakpf;fg;gLtu;. ,tu;fs; Xa;T ngWk; taJ 63 MFk;.
,ilf;fhyj;jpy; ,tu;fisg; gjtp ePf;f Ntz;Lkhapd; ,tu;fsJ jtwhd
xOf;fk;> elj;ij vd;gdtw;iwf; fhuzkhff; fhl;b xU gpNuuiz Njrpa
muRg; Nguitapy; nfhz;L te;J epiwNtw;Wtjd; %yk; rhjhuz
ngUk;ghd;ikAld; ,tu;fisg; gjtpePf;fyhk;.

mjpfhuq;fs;
1. fPo;epiy ePjpkd;wk; Nkw;nfhz;l rl;lj;jtWfis tprhuiz nra;Ak;.
2. fPo;epiy ePjkd;wk; Nkw;nfhz;l eltbf;iffis epWj;JkhW gzpj;jy;
my;yJ flikfisr; nra;AkhW gzpj;jy;.
3. jLj;J itf;fg;gl;l xUtiu ePjpkd;wj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;LtUkhW
gzpg;Giu tpLj;jy;.
,e;ePjpkd;wkhdJ ePjthd; ePjkd;wk; rhu;tof;Ffis Nkwd;KiwapL
nra;ifapy; ,UePjpauru;fSk;> khtl;lePjpkd;wk; rhu; tof;Ffis
tprhupf;Fk;NghJ 3 ePjpauru;fisAk; nfhz;L tprhupf;Fk;. tpNrl
gpur;rpidfSf;F 5 Nkw;gl;l ePjpauru;fs; tprhuiz nra;tu;.

fPo; epiy ePjpkd;wj; jPu;g;Gf;fs;spy; mjpUg;jpAw;wtu;fs; ,q;F Nkd;KiwaPL

nra;ayhk;. ,t;thW xU Kiw khj;jpuNk tof;F njhLf;fyhk;. ,jd; jPu;g;ig
vjpu;j;J vq;Fk; Nkd; KiwaPL nra;aKbahJ.
,tu;fsJ rk;gsk; Njrpa muRg; Nguitahy; jPu;khdpf;fg;g l;L jpul;Lepjpapd;
kPJ nghWg;ghf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
cau; ePjpkd;wk;
1972k; Mz;L murpaw; jpl;lj;jpy; cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F mLj;jgbahf ,Uf;Fk;
ePjpkd;wk; cau; ePjpkd;wkhFk;. ,e;ePjpkd;wk; ,yq;ifapd; xt;nthU
ePjpkz;ly tyaq;fspYk; cUthf;fg;gLk;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; ,yq;if 16 ePjp
kz;ly tyaq;fshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. ePjpaikr;ru; tu;j;jkhdpay;
ntspapLk; fl;lis %yk; xt;nthU ePjpkz;ly tyaj;jpYk; xt;thU
ePjpkd;’wj;ij cUthf;fyhk;.

A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 28

,jd; ePjpgjpfs; gpujkupd; rpghuprpd; gb [dhjpgjpahy; epakpf;fg;gLthu;.
,tu;fspd; Xa;T ngWk; taJ 61 MFk;. ,ilf;fhyj;jpy; ,tu;fisg; gjtp
ePf;f Ntz;Lkhapd; ,tu;fsJ jtwhd xOf;fk;> elj;ij vd;gdtw;iwf;
fhuzkhff; fhl;b xU gpNuuiz Njrpa muRg; Nguitapy; nfhz;L te;J
epiwNtw;Wtjd; %yk; rhjhuz ngUk;ghd;ikAld; ,tu;fisg; gjtpePf;fyhk;.
mjpfhuk;.
1. miog;ghizg; gj;jpuq;fis toq;fy;.
2. nraiyj; jLf;Fk; my;yJ typAWj;Jk; cj;juitf; nfhLj;jy;.
3. gpiz toq;fy;.
4. jw;fhypfj; jilAj;juT toq;fy;.
5. ghuhSkd;wj; Nju;jy; Ml;Mrgid kDf;fis tprhuiz nra;jy;.
6. fg;gy; Jiw> fly; vy;iy> flw; nfhs;is> tpkhdk;>fg;gy; njhlu;ghd
tof;Ffis tprhuiz nra;jy;.

A. Jareesh (B.A) Page 29