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Intake Structures

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42 views11 pages

Intake Structures

Uploaded by

laibaehsan987
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Intake Structure

The basic function of the intake structure is


to help in safely withdrawing water from the
source over predetermined pool levels and
then to discharge this water into the
withdrawal conduit (normally called intake
conduit), through which it flows up to water
treatment plant.
• Factors Governing Location of Intake
• As far as possible, the site should be near the treatment
plant so that the cost of conveying water to the city is less.
• The intake must be located in the purer zone of the
source to draw best quality water from the source, thereby
reducing load on the treatment plant.
• The intake must never be located at the downstream or in
the vicinity of the point of disposal of wastewater.
• The site should be such as to permit greater withdrawal of
water, if required at a future date.
• The intake must be located at a place from where it can
draw water even during the driest period of the year.
• The intake site should remain easily accessible during
floods and should noy get flooded. Moreover, the flood
waters should not be concentrated in the vicinity of the intake.
Types of Intakes
 According to type of source
• River Intake
• Canal Intake
• Reservoir Intake
• Lake Intake
 According to position of Intake
• Submerged Intake
• Exposed Intake
 According to presence of water in the tower
• Wet Intake
• Dry Intake
According to position of Intake
(a) Submerged Intake
• The submerged Intake structures are those which are
constructed entirely under water. They are less
expensive to construct but are difficult to maintain.
Such intakes are commonly used to obtain water from
lakes

(b) Exposed Intake


• The Exposed intakes is in the form of well or tower
constructed near the bank of river or in some cases
even away from the bank of river. They are more
common due to ease in operation and maintenance
According to presence of Water in the tower

a) Wet Intake
A Wet intake is that type of the Intake tower in which
the water level is practically the same as the water level
of the source of supply. Such Intakes are also called as
JackWell and is most commonly Used

b) Dry Intake
In Dry Intake, there is no water in the intake tower.
Water enters through entry port directly in to
conveyance pipes. The dry Intake tower is simply used
for the operation of valves.
River Intake
• A River Intake is located on the upstream side of the
city to get comparatively better quality of water. They
are either located sufficiently inside the river so that
necessary demand of water can be met in all the
seasons of the year.
• The intake tower permits the entry of water through
several entry ports located at various levels to cope
with fluctuations in the water levels during different
seasons.
• This are also called as penstocks. The penstocks
are covered with suitable design screens to prevent
entry of floating impurities.
RIVER INTAKE
CANAL INTAKE
• In case of a small town a nearby Irrigation Canal
can be used as the source of water. The Intake Well
is generally located in the bank of the Canal. Since
water level is more or less constant there is no
need of providing inlets at different depth. It
essentially consist of concrete or masonry intake
chamber or well.
• Since the flow area in the canal is obstructed by the
construction of Intake well, the flow velocity in the
canal decreases. So the canal should be lined on
the Upstream & Downstream side of the intake to
prevent erosion of sides and bed of channel
CANAL INTAKE
RESERVIOR INTAKE
•When the flow in the river is not guaranteed
throughout the year, a dam is constructed across the
river to store the water in the reservoir so formed.
•Reservoir Intakes essentially consists of an Intake
tower constructed on the slope of Dam at such a
place where Intake can draw water in sufficient
quantity even in the driest period. Intake pipes are
fixed at different levels, so as to draw water near the
surface in all variations of water levels.

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