Multiple Integration

Integration of multi-variable is called multiple Integration. Repeated definite and

𝑏 𝑦
indefinite of form ∫𝑎 ∫𝑦 2 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 for two variables are
1

called iterated integral. Repeated definite and indefinite of form

𝑏 𝑦
2 2𝑧
∫𝑎 ∫𝑦 ∫𝑧 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)𝑑𝑧𝑑 𝑦𝑑𝑥 for three variables
1 1

Evaluation of double integral

𝑏 𝑦
2
∫𝑎 ∫𝑦 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 , 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is first integrated with respect to y treating x as
1

constant between the limits 𝑦1 and 𝑦2 and then the result is integrated with
respect to x between the limits a and b .

3 √25−𝑥 2
Example1 ∫0 ∫𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥

3 √25−𝑥 2 3 2 3
Sol. ∫0 ∫𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑥 [𝑦]√25−𝑥
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑥[√25 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥]𝑑𝑥

1 3 3
= − ∫0 √25 − 𝑥 2 𝑑(25 − 𝑥 2 ) − ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
2

𝟐
1 𝟑 34
= − [(25 − 𝑥 2 )𝟐 + 𝒙𝟑 ] =
3 𝟎 3
Evaluate: ∫ ∫𝑅 3𝑥 + 2𝑦)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 , 𝑅: − 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 𝑥2 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1 + 𝑥

1 𝑥+1
Soln. ∫ ∫𝑅 (3𝑥 + 2𝑦)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = ∫−1 ∫𝑥 2 (3𝑥 + 2𝑦)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
1
= ∫−1[3𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ]𝑥𝑥+1
2 dx

1
= ∫ (3𝑥 (𝑥 + 1) + (𝑥 + 1)2 − 3𝑥 3 − 𝑥 4 )𝑑𝑥
−1
1
= ∫ (3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 − 3𝑥 3 − 𝑥 4 )𝑑𝑥
−1
1
= ∫ (4𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 1 − 3𝑥 3 − 𝑥 4 )𝑑𝑥
−1
1 1
= 2 ∫0 (4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 4 )𝑑𝑥+∫−1 𝑑𝑥
1
4𝑥 3 𝑥5
= 2[ − ] + [𝑥]1−1
3 5 0
4 1 20−3+30 94
= 2(3 − 5)+2= 2 ( ) = 15
15
Triple Integrals

1 √1−𝑥 2 √1−𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
Evaluate: ∫0 ∫0 ∫0 𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

1 √1−𝑥 2 √1−𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
Soln. ∫0 ∫0 ∫0 𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

√1−𝑥 2 √1−𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 2
1
𝑧2 1 1 √1−𝑥
=∫ ∫ 𝑥𝑦 [ ] 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ 𝑥𝑦(1 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
0 0 2 0 2 0 0

2
1 1 √1−𝑥
= ∫ ∫ (𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 3 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 3 ) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
2 0 0

√1−𝑥 2
1 1 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑥𝑦 4
= ∫ [ − − ] 𝑑𝑥
2 0 2 2 4 0

1 1
= ∫ [2𝑥(1 − 𝑥 2 ) − 2𝑥 3 (1 − 𝑥 2 ) − 𝑥(1 − 𝑥 2 )2 ] 𝑑𝑥
8 0

1 1
= ∫ [2𝑥 − 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 5 − 𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 5 ] 𝑑𝑥
8 0

1 1
= ∫ [𝑥 − 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 5 ] 𝑑𝑥
8 0

1
1 𝑥 2 2𝑥 4 𝑥 6 1 1 1 1 1
= [ − + ] = ( − + )=
8 2 4 6 0 8 2 2 6 48
Evaluate:

∭𝑅 (𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 , 𝑅: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑥 2 , 0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 𝑥 + 𝑦

Soln. ∭𝑅 (𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
1 𝑥2 𝑥+𝑦
=∫ ∫ ∫ (𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
0 0 0
1 𝑥2 𝑥+𝑦
= ∫0 ∫0 [𝑥𝑧 − 2𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧 2 ]0 dydx
1 𝑥2 (𝑥+𝑦)2
= ∫0 ∫0 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 + 2
2
) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
2
3 1 𝑥 2
= ∫ ∫ (𝑥 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
2 0 0
2
1 3 𝑥
3 𝑦
= ∫ [𝑥 2 𝑦 − ]
2 0 3 0
1
3 1 4 𝑥6 3 𝑥5 𝑦7 8
= ∫ (𝑥 − )dx= 2 [ 5 − 21] = 35
2 0 3 0

Change of variable
Sometime double , triple integral easily be evaluated by changing the
dependent variables by suitable transformations .
Let 𝑥 = 𝑓1 (𝑢, 𝑣) , 𝑦 = 𝑓2 (𝑢, 𝑣) , the double integral

∬ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ∬ 𝑓 (𝑓1 (𝑢, 𝑣), 𝑓2 (𝑢, 𝑣)) |𝐽|𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣

𝑅 𝑅/
 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦)
where J= Jacobian = = |𝜕𝑢
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑣
𝜕𝑦
|
𝜕(𝑢,𝑣)
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣

similarly for triple integral can be written as

∭ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
𝑅

= ∭ 𝑓(𝑓1 (𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤), 𝑓2 (𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤), 𝑓3 (𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤))|𝐽|𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣𝑑𝑤

𝑅/
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑤
and 𝐽 = | |𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 |
and so on.
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑤|
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑤

𝑎 √𝑎2 −𝑦 2 2
Example: Evaluate ∫0 ∫0 (𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 by transformations.

Soln. put 𝑥 = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃, = −𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃, = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃, = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃,
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜃
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = | 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜃 | 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃 = |𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 −𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
| 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜃

= 𝑟(cos2 𝜃 + 𝑟 sin2 𝜃)𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃 = 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃

Lower limit of x is 0 and upper limit of 𝑥 = √𝑎2 − 𝑦 2

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 => 𝑟 2 = 𝑎2 => 𝑟 = 𝑎
Lower limit of 𝑦 = 0 => 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 0 => 𝜃 = 0 and upper limit of
𝜋
𝑦 = 𝑎 => 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑎 => 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑎 => 𝜃 =
2

𝜋
𝑎 √𝑎2 −𝑦 2 𝑎
2
∴∫ ∫ (𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ 𝑟 3 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃
2 2)
0 0 0 0

𝜋 𝑎𝜋
𝑟42 𝑎4 2
𝜋𝑎4
= ∫ [ ] 𝑑𝜃 = [𝜃 ]0 =
0 4 0 4 8

√2 √4−𝑦 2 √4−𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
Evaluate ∫0 ∫0 ∫0 √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 by
transformations

Soln. put 𝑥 = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 , 𝑦 = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑, 𝑧 = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑, = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑, = −𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜑

𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑, = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑, = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜑

𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃, = −𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃, =0
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜑

𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
| 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜑|
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃𝑑𝜑
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜑
| 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 |
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜑
 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑, 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 −𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑
= | 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 | 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃𝑑𝜑
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 −𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 0

= 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃𝑑𝜑

Lower limit of z is 0 and upper limit of 𝑧 = √4 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 4 => 𝑟 2 = 4 => 𝑟 = 2

Lower limit of 𝑥 = 0 => 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 = 0 => 𝜃 = 0 and upper limit

of 𝑥 = √4 − 𝑦 2

=> 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃 cos 2 𝜑 + 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃 cos 2 𝜑 = 4

2 2 𝜋
=> 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃 = 4 => 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 2 => 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = = = 1 => 𝜃 =
𝑟 2 2

Lower limit of 𝑦 = 0 => 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑 = 0 => 𝜃 = 0 and upper limit

𝜋
of 𝑦 = √2 => 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑 = √2 => 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑 = √2 => 𝜑 =
4

√2 √4−𝑦 2 √4−𝑥 2 −𝑦2

∴ ∫ ∫ ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
0 0 0

𝜋 𝜋
2
4 2
= ∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑟 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃𝑥𝑑𝜑 = 𝜋
0 0 0