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Fracture Mechanics

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Soumyadeep Bhowmick
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12 views6 pages

Fracture Mechanics

Uploaded by

Soumyadeep Bhowmick
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Airy'sStress Function for Mode -I: Solution

O We have seen that solution for a plate of a small hole in a tension strip or an elliptical hole in a
tension strip, only considered uniaxial load.
OEven energy release rate was developed by Griffith, he considered a central crack plate subjected
to uniaxialloads.
However, Westergaard has actually considered only biaxial loads.
Problems: A centralcrack in an infinite plate subjected to biaxial loads

Oyy Tro

Txy

-2a-

Cack tip

We are referring polar coordinate system (r, 0) because it is easier to represent ie.
Airy'sstress function for the said problem is Í = Re Z, +y Im ~, where Z is Westergaard
stress function.

We will investigate whether p satisfy the bi-harmonic equation or not in all its completeness.
Finally, I willconsider the p and ensure whether the boundary conditions of the problem are
fully satisfied.
Airy's Stress Function for Mode - I :Solution
Irwin said don't focus on the crack, focus at the crack-tip.
O Satisfaction of Bi-Harmonic Equation
The selected stress function should satisfy the bi-harmonic equation

v'o=0 where v= +2. p = Re Z, +y Im Z,

ÔxL Re Z,+ylm Z,]-Re


Ox Z,)+( Z,)=Re Z,+yim Z,

Re Z+yim Z;]-(Re 7,)+(Im Z;)= Re Zf+yim Z;

- - [ ROxe Zy+ylm Z;]-Re Z,)+y(m


-(Im Z;)=Re Zj+ ylm Z;

x g-Re Z;+ylmIm ]-(Re Z;)*y(m


-(Im z;) =Re Zj+ylm z;
Airy'sStress Function for Mode-I
O Satisfaction of Bi-Harmonic Equation

v'p=0 where y=+2 a= Re Z, +yIm ~,

oy -Re Z+ylm 2,]-(Re 24)-mZo)-vm Z)


ôy
=-Im Z+ Im Zp+y Re Z, = yRe Z,

@y @y -àLvRe Z;]=Re Zi()


ôy oy (Re Z;)= Re Zy-ylm Z;

- Re Zy-ylm Z{]-(Re
ôy Zi)-y (n ZË)-m Ziv)
=-Im Z;-yRe Z;-Im Z; =-2 Im Z;-y Re Z'

ôy -2Im Zi-yRe Zi]=-2(Im Z;)- oy (Re Zj)-Re Z;


-2Re Z;+yIm Z}-Re ZË=-3Re ZË+y Im zj
Airy's Stress Function for Mode - I : Solution
OSatisfaction of Bi-Harmonic Equation
v'o=0 where y =+2 p = Re Z, +y Im Z,
a:Poy? oy

Re Z-ylm Z;]-(Re Z;)-(yIm Z;)


--(Re Z;)-(Im Z;) =Re Z;-y In Z7

v +2

vp=(Re Z;+yIm zf)+2(Re ZË-ylm Z")+(-3Re Z;+ yIm Z;)=0


The selected stress function satisfies the bi-harmonic equation. So, our first step is correct.
Now, we will have tolook at what are the boundary conditions may be possible for solving
cracked problems.
Airy's StressFunction for Mode - I :Solution
O Boundary Conditions (BCs)
Howtowrite the boundary condition carefully and correctly for solving cracked problems ?
Because it is required to investigate whether the BCs have been fully or partially satisfied.
Nevertheless, the solution will not reflect what is seen in an experiment (i.e. peculiar).
However, in strength of materials we have not done something like this. Because the theory is
very welldeveloped.
Let usconsider an opening crack situated at center of a plate.
How do you classify the crack surfaces?
We canrecognize that crack surface is a free surface
-2a
Inaddition, undeformed configuration isrequired for
writing out the BCs and we assume at small deformation.
Boundary conditions are
On crack surface (free surface):
yy4
a<x< a on y = 0where oyy = 0 & Tyy =0.
Txy
Far away from crack i.e., far field: Txy
Ox* = Oyy =0 & Txy =0 for z’ o
At crack tip: Gyy ’ oo
Along y =0 for any x, Tgy =0 due to symmetry
The stress function should satisfy the above boundary conditions
Airy's Stress Function for Mode - I: Solution
O Satisfaction of Boundary Conditions (BCs)
Westergaard suggested
=
-= Re Z-y Im Z;. o,y ==Re Z;+yIm Z; stress function is

Z,(z) =
vz?- a2
xêy à R e Z)=-yRe z;
1. For y= 0and -a<x<a.Z{(z) is imaginary making Re Z,(z) = 0. Hence yy=0 & Txy =
0(1st BCsatisfied)
a
2. For |=|’* ’0, Z(2)’ ¡ Z()
a -2ie
a

Z{()= ’ 0 as ’0

Gy =Re Z-yIm Z;=G, Gy = Re ZtyIm Z =, Ty=-yRe Z=0 (2nd BC satisfied)

3. For |x|’a,yy ’ 00 (3rd BC satisfied)


4. For y= 0along crack Ox = Re Z, = Gyy.Tyy =0& at any x. Z,(x) =

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