Grammar Tenses Table

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Tense Use Structure Affirmative Negative Interrogative

Present 1. General S+V 1. The sun 1. The sun 1. Does the

Simple facts (base rises in the doesn't rise sun rise in
2. Habits and form) east. in the west. the east?
routines 2. I play 2. I don't play 2. Do you
3. Timetables tennis every tennis every play tennis
or schedules Sunday. Sunday. every
3. The train 3. The train Sunday?
leaves at 9 doesn't leave 3. Does the
a.m. at 10 a.m. train leave at
9 a.m.?

Present 1. Actions S+ 1. She is 1. She is not 1. Is she

Continuous happening am/is/are reading a reading a reading a
now + V-ing book right book right book right
2. Temporary now. now. now?
actions 2. I'm living 2. I'm not 2. Are you
3. Future in London living in living in
arrangements for a month. London London
3. We are permanently. temporarily?
meeting 3. We aren't 3. Are we
them meeting them meeting them
tomorrow. tomorrow. tomorrow?

Present 1. Actions S+ 1. He has 1. He hasn't 1. Has he

Perfect completed at has/have finished his finished his finished his
an + V3 homework. homework. homework?
unspecified (past 2. I have 2. I haven't 2. Have you
time participle) been to been to been to
2. Life Japan. Japan. Japan?
experiences 3. They have 3. They 3. Have they
3. Actions broken the haven't broken the
with present vase. broken the vase?
relevance vase.

Present 1. Actions S+ 1. I have 1. I haven't 1. Have you

Perfect that started in has/have been been been
Continuous the past and + been + studying for studying for studying for
continue V-ing two hours. two hours. two hours?
2. 2. They have 2. They 2. Have they
Emphasizing been haven't been been working
duration working here working here here since
since for long. morning?
morning.

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Tense Use Structure Affirmative Negative Interrogative

Past 1. Completed S + V2 1. She 1. She didn't 1. Did she

Simple actions in the (past visited Paris visit Paris visit Paris
past form) last year. last year. last year?
2. Actions at 2. I finished 2. I didn't 2. Did you
a specific the project finish the finish the
time in the yesterday. project project
past yesterday. yesterday?

Past 1. Actions in S+ 1. He was 1. He wasn't 1. Was he

Continuous progress at a was/were cooking cooking cooking
specific time + V-ing dinner at 7 dinner at 7 dinner at 7
in the past p.m. p.m. p.m.?
2. Interrupted 2. I was 2. I wasn't 2. Were you
past actions watching TV watching TV watching TV
when the when the when the
phone rang. phone rang. phone rang?

Past 1. Actions S + had + 1. She had 1. She hadn't 1. Had she

Perfect completed V3 (past left before I left before I left before
before participle) arrived. arrived. you arrived?
another past 2. They had 2. They 2. Had they
action finished the hadn't finished the
2. Actions report by finished the report by
completed by noon. report by noon?
a specific noon.
time in the
past

Past 1. Actions S + had + 1. I had 1. I hadn't 1. Had you

Perfect continuing up been + V- been been working been working
Continuous to a point in ing working for for three for three
the past three hours hours when hours when
2. when he he called. he called?
Emphasizing called. 2. They 2. Had they
the duration 2. They had hadn't been been waiting
of past been waiting waiting for an for an hour
actions for an hour hour before before the
before the the bus bus came?
bus came. came.

Future 1. Decisions S + will + 1. I will help 1. I won't 1. Will you

Simple made at the V (base you with help you with help me with
moment form) that. that. that?
2. Predictions 2. It will rain 2. It won't 2. Will it rain
3. Promises tomorrow. rain tomorrow?
or offers 3. I'll call you tomorrow. 3. Will you
later. 3. I won't call call me later?
you later.

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Tense Use Structure Affirmative Negative Interrogative

Future 1. Actions in S + will + 1. I will be 1. I won't be 1. Will you be

Continuous progress at a be + V- traveling at traveling at traveling at
specific time ing this time this time this time
in the future tomorrow. tomorrow. tomorrow?
2. Planned 2. She will 2. She won't 2. Will she be
future actions be meeting be meeting meeting us
us later. us later. later?

Future 1. Actions S + will + 1. I will have 1. I won't 1. Will you

Perfect completed have + finished the have finished have finished
before a V3 (past report by the report by the report by
specific time participle) tomorrow. tomorrow. tomorrow?
in the future 2. They will 2. They won't 2. Will they
2. Actions have left by have left by have left by
completed the time we the time we the time we
before arrive. arrive. arrive?
another
future action

Future 1. Actions S + will + 1. By next 1. By next 1. By next

Perfect continuing up have + year, I will year, I won’t year, will you
Continuous to a specific been + V- have been have been have been
time in the ing working here working here working here
future for 10 years. for 10 years. for 10 years?
2. 2. She will 2. She won’t 2. Will she
Emphasizing have been have been have been
the duration waiting for waiting for an waiting for an
of future an hour by hour by the hour by the
actions the time you time you get time you get
get there. there. there?

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