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Project Report On Automatic Street Light Using LDR

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3K views

Project Report On Automatic Street Light Using LDR

Uploaded by

educationempire2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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REPORT FILE

SUBJECT: SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS


TOPIC: Automatic Street Light using LDR

Project Report on Automatic Street Light using LDR


1. Introduction: The Automatic Street Light system is designed to operate
streetlights automatically based on ambient light intensity, using a
semiconductor Light Dependent Resistor (LDR). This system provides an
efficient way to conserve electricity by turning on lights only when necessary
(e.g., at dusk or in dark conditions) and turning them off when sufficient
daylight is available.
2. Objectives: The main objective of this project is to:
 Automate the operation of streetlights based on light conditions.
 Reduce electricity wastage by activating lights only during low-light
conditions.
 Enhance street safety by ensuring lighting is present during dark hours.
3. Components Used:
 LDR (Light Dependent Resistor): A photosensitive device that varies its
resistance based on light intensity.

 Transistor (e.g., BC547): Acts as a switch, triggered by the LDR to control


the light circuit.

 Resistors: For circuit stability and current control.

 Power Source: Battery or external power supply for circuit operation.


 LED/Bulb: Represents the streetlight that turns on automatically.

4. Working Principle: The system’s core functionality relies on the LDR, which
changes resistance with the light level. When light levels are high (daytime),
the LDR resistance decreases, keeping the transistor in an “off” state, and the
streetlight remains off. In low-light conditions (evening or night), the LDR
resistance increases, triggering the transistor to switch on and activating the
relay. This turns on the streetlight, which remains on until daylight increases.

5. Circuit Design: The circuit is built with the LDR connected in a voltage divider
setup, linked to the base of the transistor. When the LDR detects low light, the
transistor receives a base current, turning it on and enabling current to flow to
the relay, which then powers the light source. This setup ensures the system's
reliable, automated response to light changes.
6. Advantages:
 Energy Efficiency: Reduces power consumption by operating only during
necessary hours.
 Automatic Operation: No manual intervention is needed for turning
lights on or off.
 Cost-Effective: Uses simple, affordable components to achieve
automation.

7. Applications:
 Street lighting in urban and rural areas.
 Lighting systems for gardens, pathways, and parks.
 Security lighting in residential and commercial areas.
8. Conclusion: The Automatic Street Light system using an LDR is an effective
and simple solution for managing street lighting in a power-saving manner. By
responding to natural light levels, this system ensures lights are used only when
needed, reducing electricity costs and increasing the lifespan of lighting
components.

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