Design Guide 5. Angle cleat connections by T.J.Hogan contributing author & editor S.A.Munter first edition - 2007AUSTRALIAN STEEL INSTITUTE (ABNYACN (94) 000 973 839 Design Guide 5: Angle cleat connections Copyright © 2007 by AUSTRALIAN STEEL INSTITUTE Published by: AUSTRALIAN STEEL INSTITUTE All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof must not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of Australian Steel Institute. Note to commercial sofware developers: Copyright of the information contained within this publication is held by Australian Steel Institute (ASI). Written permission must be obtained from ASI for the use of any 'nformation contained herein which is subsequently used in any commercially available software package. FIRST EDITION 2007 (LIMIT STATES) National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Aogan, TJ Design Guide 5: Angle cleat connections ted, Bibliography. ‘This publication originated as part of ‘SBN 978 0 9804016 2 3 (pbk.). Design of scr coneetions 1. Stool, Structural—Standards - Australia First edition 1978 2. Steel, Structural—Specifications - Australia. Second edition 1981 3. Joints, (Engineering) —Design and construction. Thied edition 1988 Munter, S.A Fourth edition 1994 i. Australian Stoel Institute. I. Title (Series: Structural steel connection series) Also in this series Design capacity tables for structural steel. Volume 3: Handbook 1: Design of structural steel connections Design Guide 1: Bolting in structural steel connections, Design Guide 2: Welding in structural steel connections Design Guide 3: Web side plate connections Design Guide 4: Flexible end plate connections Design Guide 6: Seated connections Simple connections ~ open sections Disclaimer: The information presented by the Australian Steel Institute in this publication has been prepared for general information only and does not in any way constitute recommendations or professional advice. While every effort has beon made and all reasonable care taken to ersure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication, this information should not be used or relied upon for any specific application without investigation and verification as to its accuracy, suitability and applicability by a compotent professional porson in this regard. The Australian Stee! Institute, Its officers and employees and the authors and editors of this publication do not give any warranties or make any representations in rolation to the information provided herein and to the extent permitted by law (a) will not be held liable or responsible in any way; and (b) expressly disclaim any liability or responsibility for any loss or damage costs or expenses incurred in connection with this publication by any person, whether that person is the purchaser of this publication or not. Without limitation, this includes loss, damage, costs and expenses incurred as a result of the negligence of the authors, editors or publishers. Tho information in this publication should not be relied upon as a substitute for independent due diligence, professional or legal advice and in this regards the services of a competent professional person oF persons should be sought. design guide 5 4 @ gle coa aren, ra edon owCONTENTS Page List of figures v List of tables vi Preface vil ‘About the author vii ‘About the contributing author and editor vii ‘Acknowledgements ix 1. CONCEPT OF DESIGN GUIDE 1 1.1 Background 1 2 DESCRIPTION OF CONNECTION 2 3. TYPICAL DETAILING OF CONNECTION...3 3.1. Double angle cleat 3 3.2. Single angle cleat 4 4. DETAILING CONSIDERATIONS. sen 5 5 COMPLIANCE WITH AS 4100 REQUIREMENTS FOR CONNECTIONS... 7 6 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 8 7 BASIS OF DESIGN MODEL—DOUBLE 9 ANGLE CLEATS, 9 BASIS OF DESIGN MODEL—SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT.. 10 CONNECTION GEOMETRY 10 RECOMMENDED DESIGN MODEL— DOUBLE ANGLE CLEATS— SUMMARY OF CHECKS 10.1. DESIGN CHECK NO. 1— Detailing limitations 10.2 DESIGN CHECK NO. 2— Design capacity of bolts to supporting member 10.3. DESIGN CHECK NO. 3— Design capacity of bolts to supported member 10.3.1 Allemative ‘A—Single line of bolts to supported member 10.3.2 For Alternative 'B’'—Double line of bolts to supported member 10.4 DESIGN CHECK NO. 4—Design capacity of angle cleats (Shear, bending, block shear) DESIGN CHECK NO. 5—Design capacity of supported member (Shear—Uncoped or coped) 7 DESIGN CHECK NO. 6—Design capacity of supported member (Block shear—Coped section) 12 13 14 15 15 15 10.5 10.6 design guide 5 angle cleat connections, first edition 10.7 DESIGN CHECK NO. 7—Design capacity of supported member (Bending of coped section) DESIGN CHECK NO. 8—Beam rotation check DESIGN CHECK NO. 9—Local stability of coped supported member 10.10 DESIGN CHECK NO. 10—Local capacity of supporting member 10.10.1 Single-sided connection 10.10.2 Double-sided connection 10.8 10.9 11 RECOMMENDED DESIGN MODEL— SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT— SUMMARY OF CHECKS 11.1 DESIGN CHECK NO. 1— Detailing limitations DESIGN CHECK NO. 2— Design capacity of bolts to supporting member DESIGN CHECK NO. 3— Design capacity of bolts to supported member Alternative 'A’—Single line of bolts to supported member 11.3.2 Alternaive 'B’'—Double line of bolts to supported member 11.4 DESIGN CHECK NO. 4—Design capacity cf angle cleat (Shear, bending, block shear) DESIGN CHECK NO. 5—Design capacity cf supported member (Shear—Uncoped or coped) DESIGN CHECK NO. 6—Design capacity cf supported member (Block shear—Coped section) DESIGN CHECK NO. 7—Design capacity cf supported member (Bending of coped section) DESIGN CHECK NO. 8—Beam rotation check DESIGN CHECK NO. 9—Local stability of coped supported member 11.10 DESIGN CHECK NO. 10—Local capacity cf supporting member 11.10.1 Single-sided connection 11.10.2 Double-sided connection 12 113 11.34 11.5 12 OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 13 REFERENCES. Page 19 20 2 22 22 23 24 28 26 ar ar ar 28 29 30 34 32 33 34 34 35 136 37 Page co14 DESIGN EXAMPLES wnnnnesennnnnnn 38 Page 14.1 Design example No. 1— Connection capacity with 15.2 Configuration B—Double angle cleat single-sided double AC double line of bolts to supported ‘connection to supporting column 38 member 49 14.2. Design example No. 2— 15.3 Configuration C—Single angle Connection capacity with leat single line of bolts to single-sided single AC supported member 54 connection to supporting beam 41 15.4 Configuration D—Single angle 15 DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES wns 44 eee 57 15.1. Configuration A—Double angle pp leat single line of bolts to APPENDICES supported member 44 ‘A Limcon software 58 B ASI Design Guide § comment form 66 } design guide § m* angle cleat connections, frst editionFigure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 LIST OF FIGURES Page Typical single and double angle cleat connections 2 Alternative ‘A'—Single line of bolts to beam web ...... 3 Alternative 'B'—Double line of bolts to beam web .. 3 Double Ine of bolts to supporting member ‘Alternative ‘A'—Single line of bolts to beam web Alternative ‘B"—Double line of bolts to beam web Single line of bolts to supporting member... Coping beam flange(s) for column web connection... Coping beam bottom flange to clear bolts Typical bolt placement. Deformation of the angle cleat... Connection geometry Block shear capacity areas— Double angle cleats... ZNoo ° 1 16 Block shear capacity parameters— Supported member. Bending—Coped supported member . Parameters for rotation check.. Local stability parameters— Coped supported member. Supporting members with supported member on one side 18 oo 2 22 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23, Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 Figure 27 Figure 28 Figure 29 Figure 30 Figure 31 Figure 32 design guide 5 angle cleat connections, first edition Page ‘Supporting members with supported members on two sides..23 Block shear capacity areas— Single angle cleat: 28 Block shear capacly parameters — Supported member. 30 Bending-coped supported member... 31 Parameters for rotation check «...32 Local stability parameters— Coped supported member. 33 ‘Supporting mombors with supported member on one side.....34 ‘Supporting members with supported members on two sides..35 Single-sided double AC connection to supporting column...38 Single-sided single AC connection to supporting beam... Geometry configuration A— Double angle cleat single line of bolts to supported member......44 Geometry configuration B— Double angle cleat double line of bolts to supported member.....49 Geometry configuration C— Single angle cleat single line of bolts to supported member. Geometry configuration D— Single angle cleat double line of bolts to supported member....,Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 LIST OF TABLES Page Angle cleat design capacity table— Configuration A, double angle cleat single line of bolts to supported member, Member > 500 mm deep, 45 ‘Angle cleat design capacity table— Configuration A, double angle cleat single line of bolts to supported member, Member > 350 mm but < 500 mm deep... : 46 Angle cleat design capacity table— Configuration A, double angie cleat single line ‘of bolts to supported member, Member > 250 mm but < 350 mm deep 47 Angle cleat design capacity table— Configuration A, double angle cleat single line of bolts to supported member, Member 200 mm deep. 48 ‘Angle cleat design capacity table— Configuration B, double angle cleat double line of bolls to supported member, Member > 500 mm deep... 50 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10 design guide § angle cleat connections, first edition Page ‘Angle cleat design capacity table— Configuration B, double angle cleat double line of bolts to supported member, Member > 350 but < 500 mm deep aT ‘Angle cleat design capacity table— Configuration B, double angle cleat double line of bolts to supported member, Member > 250 but < 350 mm deep... 52 Angle cleat design capacity tablo— Configuration B, double angle Cleat double line of bolts to supported member, Member 200 mm deep 53 Angle cleat design capacity table— Configuration C, single angle cleat single line of bolts to supported member, Member > 300 mm deep 55 ‘Angle cleat design capacity table— Configuration C, single angle cleat single line of bolts to supported member, Member < 300 mm deep 56PREFACE This new series of connection publications by the Australian Steel Institute (ASI) covering capacity tables, theory and design of individual simple connections will be known as the Structural Steel Connections Series, Part 1: 1" ed. 2007 ("Connection Series, Part 1"). This Connection Series, Part 1 details the method of design and provides capacity tables and detailing parameters for a range of simple connections commonly used for structural steel in Australia. Connections have a major engineering and economic importance in steel structures influencing design, detailing, fabrication and erection costs. Standardisation of design approach integrated with industry detailing is the key to minimum costs at each stage. This Connections Series, Part 1 in conjunction with the future Connection Series, Part 2 for rigid connections (collectively the Structural Steel Connections Series or “Connection Series") replaces and enhances an ASI flagship publication first released in 1978 at which time connection design theories were developed for the purpose of generating and releasing connection capacity tables. The first throe editions wore released in permissible stress format. The fourth edition Design of Structural Connections (often referred to as the Green Book) was released in 1994 in limit state format but there was no subsequent release of a limit state companion document containing connection design capacity tables. Design Guide 5 covers the single and double angle cleat (AC) connection and references Handbook 1, Design of structural steel! connections which is the hub of a new Connection Series expanding and revising the elemental connection theory contained in previous editions of Design of Structural Connections. This allows the single and double angle cleat connection model to remain concise and practical for efficient design assessment. The presentation of the connection model follows a stylised calculation page format with a numbered DESIGN CHECK procedure to simplify the design capacity assessment. This robust connection is returning to favour due to the growth of efficient computer numeric control fabricetion processes. The most significant upgrades in reviewing and consolidating the previous AC design model are the detailing limitations, refinement of block shear assessments and rotation checks. Improvements have been made to local stability of coped beams and local capacity of the supporting member checks. Design Guide 5 includes standardised detailing and design capacity tables for the single and double angle cleat connection designed using the design model in this Guide. The design capacity tables have been rigorously checked firstly by hand calculation, then by spreadsheet and also using the Limcon software for consistency and validity. An ASI connections survey revealed that practising engineers in designing common connections firstly consult their design capacity tables, then if required, follow with hand calculations, spreadsheet formulation and finally detailed computer assessments. Special surveys of the Australian steel industry provided best practice for component and dimensional siandardisation. The results tabulated for each single and double angle cleat configuration are only for the dimensional and geometrical limitations and design actions specified. Any additional loads, load combinations, geometry arrangement beyond the limits specified must be undertaken by a competent professional person and supported by engineering research, theory or principles. The new Connections Series format with separate design guides for individual connection types is intended to facilitate addition to or revision of connection model theory using relevant new local or international research as deemed appropriate by the ASI. Connection models developed using the Handbook 1 theory follow a stylised page format with a numbered DESIGN CHECK procedure to simplify connection capacity assessment. Engineering Systems has worked closely with the Australian Stee! Institute to further develop Limcon as the companion program for this new Connection Design Guide series. The latest version of Limcon fully implements the new connection design models and it was employed in checking the design tables. The Limcon output for one or more of the worked examples is included in an appendix to each Design Guide. The program is an efficient tool covering the full range of structural connections, including those beyond the scope of the Design Guide capacity tables. ‘An apperdix to each Design Guide also contains an ASI comment form. Users of this Publication are encouraged to photocopy this one page form and forward any suggested improvements which may be incorporated into future editions. TJ. Hogan S.A. Munter © design guide 5 mw angle cleat connections, first editionABOUT THE AUTHOR Tim Hogan is Director of SCP Consulting Ply Ltd. His academic achievements include a Bachelor of Engineering from the University of NSW with 1" Class Honours and the University Medal. Post graduate qualifications include a Master of Engineering Science and a Master of Business Administration. Tim is a Member of the Institution of Engineers Australia with CPEng and FIF Aust. status 4is early experience was on bridge design and construction with the NSW Public Works Department and subsequently as Development Engineer and then Engineering Manager with he Australian Institute of Steel Construction until 1980. Consulting experience with SCP Consulting since 1980 has included design and supervision of large steel framed buildings, industrial buildings, mill buildings, retail developments, defence infrastructure and composite steel-concrete buildings. His published works deal primarily with the areas of composite construction, steel connections, fabrication and erection of steel structures and he was a major contributor and editor of the Commentary to AS 4100. He is a member of a number of Standards Australia Committees dealing with steel and composite structures and is currently Chairman of Committee BD-001 Steel Structures and BD-032 Composite Construction. He received an award from Standards Australia for his contributions to writing of Australian Standards. ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTING AUTHOR AND EDITOR Scott Munter is now the National Structural Decking Manager for BlueScope Lysaght. He was formerly the National Manager—Engineering & Construction for the Australian Steel Institute (ASI) and worked in this role from 2000 to 2007. This key role involved setting the technical leadership of ASI in support of design and construction to enable the efficient specification and use of steel it construction. Responsibilities included ASI technical publications, advice on industry best p tice, ASI and Code committees, presentations and lecturing. ‘Scott is a Member of the Institution of Engineers Australia with CP Eng & NPER (Structural) status. He holds a Bachelor of Structural Engineering from the University of Technology, Sydney with 1 Class Honours and the University Medal. His professional career includes 15 years in consulting civil and structural engineering working for Tim Hogan at SCP Consulting His consulting experience includes a strong steel focus with major infrastructure, industrial and commercial developments plus domestic construction, } design guide 5 wv angle cleat connections, first editionACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to extend special thanks to: The ASI Connections steering committee consisting of Richard Collins (Engineering Systems), Anthony Ng (OneStee! Market Mills) and Arun Syam (Smorgon Steel Tube Mills) for their respective contributions with the development and review of the technical and editorial content of the revised ASI Connection Publication Significant contributions were made by: * Richard Collins—Engineering Systems in the development and upgrade of the Limcon software code in parallel with the design theory aiding in the editing and validation of the revised models. * Standards Australia for providing their technical typesetting expertise. © Whizzcad Pty Ltd with drafting and graphics for publishing * ASI State Engineering & Construction Special Sub-Committees for progressive engineering and industry review of manuscripts. Together with support of: + All facets of the ASI membership including design engineers, steelwork detailers and fabricators in contributing industry best practice and standards through ASI surveys and direct consultation to establish the theory and geometry in this new ASI Connection Publication. > design guide 5 i * angle cleat connections, first edition4 CONCEPT OFDESIGNGUIDE = 1.4. Background The ASI was formed in 2002 through the merger of Australian Institute of Stee! Construction (AISC) and Steel Institute of Australia (SIA). The former AISC published a design manual giving guidance on the design of structural connections in steel (Ref. 2). ASI is updating Reference 2 by way of the Connection Series including design guides dealing with connection parts and individual connection types. The overall series of Connections Publications will be known as the Connections Series. The former AISC also published a manual containing standardised detailing for simple connections, accompanied by load tables (Ref. 3). Wherever possible each design guide for individual connection types contains standardised detailing and design capacity tables for the connection type covered by that design guide derived using the design models in that design guide. The Connection Series is a specialist series devoted to the design of connections in structural steel in accordance with current Australian Standard AS 4100 (Ref 1.), reflecting the current state of knowledge of connection behaviour from test results. In some instances, the test evidence is sparse and in other instances the evidence is contradictory or clouded. Each design guide in the Connection Series has been written by weighing the evidence to provide recommended design procedures based in part on the design procedures used in equivalent manuals and/or published papers. This Guide is intended to provide a design model for the angle cleat connection (AC) which gives a realistic estimate of connection design capacity and considerable effort has been expended in researching and developing a simplo, yet satisfactory design model which can be ustified on the basis of the available research and current design practice. It is to be emphasised that for this connection, the design model presented is not the only possible model—merely the most representative of the behaviour of an individual connection in the opinion of the ASI. It is therefore not intended to suggest that other models may not result in adequate connection capacity and further reference is made to the Disclaimer on page li of this publication as to the required investigation and verification by a competent professional person or persons in regards to the accuracy, suitability and applicability of the materials provided in this Connections Series. The connection dealt with in this Guide is the single or double angle cleat connection, also known as single or double angle web cleat connection. The angle cleat connection is used as a simple connection in terms of AS 4100 for steel beam ‘0 steel beam or steel column connections. rs design guide oO: angle cleat connections, frst edition2 DESCRIPTION OF CONNECTION The angle cleat connection consists of either a single angle bolted to a supported member web or two angles bolted each side of a supported member web. The angle or angles are in tun bolted to the supporting member (refer to Figure 1 for typical examples of the connection) The supported member may require to have the flange and/or the web to be coped in order to enable the connection to be effected (refer to Figure 1). Features cf the connection are: — The component is a standard angle, grade 300 (one or two angles). — The bolting category normally used is 8.8/. —The component does not extend to the bottom flange of the supported beam in order to ensure that the beam can rotate without touching the supporting member. — The connection can only be used to hollow section columns if studs or special bolts are used. Such studs or bolts are not considered in this Design Guide (refer Design Guide 1). Flange and web coped as required FIGURE 1 TYPICAL SINGLE AND DOUBLE ANGLE CLEAT CONNECTIONS. (after Ref. 4) deson ude 23. TYPICAL DETAILING OF a CONNECTION Sa a }—, at 2 ital a? Hie a Hie t Beam-to-column and beam-to-beam connections, uncoped, single and double web coped beams, FIGURE 2 ALTERNATIVE ‘A’—SINGLE LINE OF BOLTS TO BEAM WEB 25+ 1 Double angle cleats ‘a atl $9] Het a eo 2a +4}—" Beam-to-column and beam-to-beam connections, uncoped, single and double web coped beams. FIGURE 3 ALTERNATIVE '8’—DOUBLE LINE OF BOLTS TO BEAM WEB fo Etta +> — % tt FIGURE 4 DOUBLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTING MEMBER design guide 5 angle cleat connections, first edition3. TYPICAL DETAILING OF CONNECTION 32 = Leo -49] Beam-to-column and beam-to-beam connections, uncoped, single and double web coped beams. FIGURE 5 ALTERNATIVE ‘A'—SINGLE LINE OF BOLTS TO BEAM WEB gle angle cleat at, itt), itt. +1—Ts +4] Beam-to-column and beam-to-beam connections, uncoped, single and double web coped beams. FIGURE 6 ALTERNATIVE ‘8'—DOUBLE LINE OF BOLTS TO BEAM WEB j= 2+} ape FIGURE 7 SINGLE LINE OF des angle cleat connections, first edition at BOLTS TO SUPPORTING MEMBER ign guide 5 wi4 13 14 15 DETAILING CONSIDERATIONS Angle component is a standard rolled equal or unequal angle (Grade 300). The ‘component is usually cropped or oxy-cut to length and the holes are usually punched. Limitations in AS 4100 Section 14 (Ref. 1) apply to these operations. ‘Skew and raking beams cannot be accommodated. Bolt holes are 2 mm larger than the nominal bolt diameter. Slotted or oversize holes are not used because AS 4100 requires the use of either bolting category 8.8/TF or 8,8/TB for such hole types. In connections to column webs, the beam flange may also need to be coped (removed) to allow the connection to be effected (Figure 8) Fabrication of this type of connection requires close control in cutting the beam ‘o length and adequate consideration must be given to squaring the beam ends such that both angle cleats are parallel and the effect of beam camber does not result in out-cf-square angle cleats which makes erection and field fit-up difficult. The use of this connection for two-sided beam-to-beam connections should be considered carefully. Installation of bolts in the supporting member can cause difficulties in this case. When unequal sized beams are used, special coping of the bottom flange of the smaller beams may be required to prevent it fouling the bolts (Figure 9). Since the angle cleat is intended to behave flexibly, damage of the cleat during transport is not normally of concern and may be rectified on site. The connection has some facility for site adjustment during erection. In a run of teams, a slightly shorter beam may be detailed and supplied with packs of varying thickness in order to take up any accumulation of tolerances. For coped beams, the top of the end plate and the bottom of the top flange cope cut should coincide. Check angle cleat component width to ensure that it will fit between fillets of column section when connecting to column web (Figure 8). In connections to column webs, a check must be made on the length of bolt to be used to ensure sufficient clearance is available between the angle cleat and the inside of the column flange, to permit the bolts to be installed (Figure 8). Erection clearances must be especially considered because of the necessity to angle beams into place during erection. This consideration is most important for the case of a series of beams in the one row, all connected between the same main supporting members. If beams of different web thickness are connected to opposite sides of a supporting member web (column or beam), the difference in web thickness must be kept to 2 mm to allow the bolt gauge to be set to suit both supported member webs. The bolt gauge for double angle cleat connections is usually set at around 140 mm with Sg Set at 65 mm. This will accommodate web thicknesses from 6 mm to 14mm, which caters for most rolled section supported members. The angle cleat is a good connection in terms of its facility for site adjustment. The two sets of bolts are both placed in clearance holes allowing slight adjustment in two directions before the bolts are tightened. In addition to this, packs can be placed between the cleats and the supported member if required. With two sided connections that share a common set of bolts, the shop bolts (or site bolts) should be placed with heads in opposite directions in the webs of the connecting pair of beams and the site bolls placed as shown in Figure 10. In some cases, it may be necessary to place the nut over the hole and turn the bolt into the nut. design guide 5 5 angle clea! conoctons rst eon woMin, 10 mm radius at corners FIGURE 8 COPING BEAM FLANGE(S) FOR COLUMN WEB CONNECTION ‘Supporting beam ‘Supported beam Flange notched out to clear bolts from cleat on other side FIGURE 9 COPING BEAM BOTTOM FLANGE TO CLEAR BOLTS {after Ref. 5) Bolt heads: Note positions of bolt heads Bolt heads FIGURE 10 TYPICAL BOLT PLACEMENT (after Ref. 5) design guide 5 angle cleat connections, first edition Ww5 COMPLIANCE WITH AS 4100 REQUIREMENTS FOR CONNECTIONS The angle cleat is notionally a FLEXIBLE CONNECTION within the terms of AS 4100, which is discussed in Section 2.2 of Handbook 1 of this Publication. The requirements for any design model are specified in Clause 9.1.3 of AS 4100 (Ref. 1) which ie discussed in Section 2.3 of Handbook 4 The ductility necessary in the angle cleat connection is provided by the following factors: — deformation of the bolts along their axis; — deformation of the angle cleat by flexing out of plane, pulling in towards the beam and local deformation of the cleat around the bolt (Figure 11); — slippage of the cleat horizontally as the plate deforms, It is considered that the available testing data indicate that sufficient ductility is present from ‘these sources for the angle cleat connection to qualify as suitable for simple construction terms ‘of the requirements of AS 4100, provided that all the requirements of this design mode!— particularly the limitation on supported member rotation and the geometrical limitations ‘specified—are complied with 2 Rotation 4 4 As erected Under load FIGURE 11 DEFORMATION OF THE ANGLE CLEAT (after Ref. 4) PY design guide 5 fw? angle cleat connections, first edition6 BACKGROUND INFORMATION Research information The following list of references relate to the testing of the angle cleat connection. The reported behaviour and design recommendations contained in these references were considered in formulating the design model used in this Design Guide. —Pram and Mansell (Refs. 6, 7) —Kulak, Fisher and Struik (Ref. 8) —Munse et al (Refs. 9, 10) —Lipson (Refs. 11, 12) Testing of angle cleat connections has been conducted by Munse et al (Refs. 9, 10) and Lipson (Refs. 11, 12). Kulak, Fisher and Struik have summarised this and other work in Reference 8, commenting that ‘experiments have indicated that most of the rotation of the connection comes from the deformation of the angles: fastener deformations play only a minor role. To minimise rotational ‘esistance, the thickness of the angle should be kept to a minimum and a relatively large gauge provided.” Kulak, Fisher and Struik (Ref. 8) comment that ‘most web angle connections are checked only for their shear-carrying capacity, that is, the relatively small amount of moment present is neglected ... Fasteners are assumed to be subject to shear forces only; the tensile forces introduced by deformation of the angles ... are neglected. However, the effect of shear forces acting eccentrically should be included unless distances are small.” The testing by Munse et al and Lipson generally supports the design model recommended, Australian testing of this connection has been reported in Refs. 6 and 7. In these tests, the langle cleat connections were tested in pure shear at the support face. In Ref. 6 it was reported thal the angle cleat distorted appreciably and local distortion occurred around the bolt holes and it was noted that the connection possesses sufficient ductility to justify the type of design model presented herein In Ref. 7, considerable elongation of the bolt holes was also observed with a failure through tear-out at the bottom bolt being reported in two cases (both with end distances in the beam web of 1.50 x bolt diameter) highlighting the importance of the design procedure in the recommended design model to guard against this occurrence. € design guide 5 i angle cleat connections, first edition7 BASIS OF DESIGN MODEL— DOUBLE ANGLE CLEATS Double angle cleats The recommended design model in this Design Guide treats the angle cleats as an extension of the supported beam web. The American Institute of Steel Construction (Ref. 5) and the British Steel Construction Institute (Ref. 4) adopt a similar design model, with similar assumptions to the recommended design model. The design capacity of the bolt group connecting the angle cleats to the supporting member is based on the assumption that the bolts are loaded in vertical shear only. The design expression 's based on Section 3.6 of Handbook 1 The design capacity of the bolt group connecting the angle cleats to the supported member is based on the assumption that the bolt group is subject to eccentric shear force actirg at the face of the supporting member. The design expression is based on Section 3.9 of Handbook 1, and involves consideration of the following {i) the bolt group being loaded in eccentric shear with the design capacity being derived using the method of Section 3.9 of Handbook 1, this design capacity being limited by the bolt shear capacity, bearing on the component and on the supported member web (even though hole distortion is an inherent part of providing rotational ductility in the connection). iii) end plate tear-out at the most heavily loaded bolt being checked using the component of force in the vertical direction with any end distances (including holes) in the vertical direction and the component of force in the horizonial direction with any end distances in the horizontal direction. The expressions on which the design capacity are based are also derived in Section 3.9 of Handbook 1 The expressions for the design capacities of the angle cleat component in shear and under moment are taken directly from the expressions given in Section 5.4 of Handbook 1, the latter being derived from the design moment capacity (}M,)) divided by the eccentricity (0). Likewise, the expression for the design capacity in block shear is taken from Section 5.4 of Handbook 1 The design capacity of the supported member in shear and in bending for coped supported members use the expressions derived in Section 6.2 to 6.6 of Handbook 1, again assuming that the end reaction acts at the face of the supporting member. The design capacity in block shear is intended to guard against the possibility of that type of failure in the web of a coped supported member. This phenomenon is discussed in detail in Section 6.9 of Handbook 1 In Reference 13, Carrato has compared Australian (Ref. 2) and American (Ref. 14) design methods. He observed that the Australian method gave a lower design capacity and noted that this is primarily due to consideration of horizontal tear-out in the web of the supported member in the Australian design method. Carrato considers such tear-oul as ‘highly unlikely’ for five ferent reasons. The other minor differences between the two design methods noted by Carrato are considered by him not to influence ‘the final design of the connection’. Since the bolts in the supported member web arc considered to be eccentrically loaded in the recommended design model of Reference 2 and this Design Guide, a horizontal component of force is applied to the bolts. AS 4100 requires that tear-out be considered in such a cese. The basis of the recommended design model in this Design Guide is consequently identical to that in Reference 2, and is consistent with that for the web side plate connection in this respect as contained in Handbook 1 & design guide 5 Hs angle cleat connections, first edition8 BASIS OF DESIGN MODEL— SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT Single angle cleat The recommended design model in this Design Guide treats the angle cleat as an extension of the supported beam web. The American Institute of Stee! Construction (Ref. 5) adopts a similar design model, with similar assumptions to the recommended design model. The British Steel Construction Institute (Ref. 4) does not have a design model for a single angle cleat The design capacity of the bolt group connecting the angle cleat to the supporting member is based on the assumption that the bolts are loaded in eccentric shear force. The design expression is based on Section 3.9 of Handbook 1 for an eccentricity equal to the distance between the centre of the supported member web and the centre of the bolt group. The design capacity of the bolt group connecting the angle cleat to the supported member is based on the assumption that the bolt group is subject to eccentric shear force acting at the face of the supporting member. The design expression is based on Section 3.9 of Handbook 1 The design expressions for both bolt groups involves consideration of the following: (i) the bolt group being loaded in eccentric shear with the design capacity being derived using the method of Section 3.9 of Handbook 1, this design capacity being limited by the bolt shear capacity, bearing on the component and on the supported member web (even though hole distortion is an inherent part of providing rotational ductility in the connection). (ii) end plate tear-out at the most heavily loaded bolt being checked using the component of force in the vertical direction with any end distances (including holes) in the vertical direction and the component of force in the horizontal direction with any end distance in the horizontal direction. The expressions on which the design capacity are based are also derived in Section 3.9 of Handbook 1 The expressions for the design capacities of the angle cleat component in shear and under moment are taken directly from the expressions given in Section 5.4 of Handbook 1, the latter being derived from the design moment capacity (My) divided by the eccentricity (e). Likewise, the expression for the design capacity in block shear is taken from Section 5.4 of Handbook 1 The design capacity of the supported member in shear and in bending for coped supported members use the expressions derived in Section 6.2 to 6.6 of Handbook 1, again assuming that the end reaction acts al the face of the supporling member. The design capacity in block shear is intended to guard against the possibility of that type of failure in the web of a coped supported member. This phenomenon is discussed in detail in Section 6.9 of Handbook 1 e design guide § a «© angle cleat connections, first edition9 CONNECTION GEOMETRY Angle components are assumed to be oriented such that: one leg of the angle cleat component (leg a) Is attached to the supporting member through bolt group a: {b) the other leg of the angle cleat component (leg f) is attached to the beam web through bolt group B. fa) Sy NOTE: mg total umber = connection nto Ht Beg 17, ~ Double angle cleats - n= 4n, 7 fb aah B leg ‘8 # leg z . bots van f bot rows aire, | ep \ t rp bots 1B Feo a | tHe. @ leg- eof Fes} ‘a leg? & fs Pay n,, = Single angle cleats - ,=3n, i Face of suppor [—Fece of support [Face of support he Su ie, Fe, be | f 1 | sf beet a cA ee ot Bet o4 Uncoped beam ‘SWC coped beam DWC coped bear FIGURE 12 CONNECTION GEOMETRY 1" o design guide 5 w angle cleat connections, first edition10 RECOMMENDED DESIGN MODEL—DOUBLE ANGLE CLEATS—SUMMARY OF CHECKS Design is based on determining Vises, the design capacity of the connection, which is the minimum of the design capacities Vs, Vo, Ve. Var Ver Vis Vax Vis The design requirement is then Vjes > V* (design shear force), From AS 4100, Clause 9.1.4(b)(ii) (Ref. 1) this connection must be designed for a minimum design shear force of 40 kN, or 0.15 x member design shear capacity, whichever is the lesser. ‘Summary of checks—Double angle cleats 10.1 DESIGN CHECK NO. 1 — Detailing limitations 10.2. DESIGN CHECK NO. 2 — Design capacity of bolts to supporting member 10.3 DESIGN CHECK NO. 3 — Design capacity of bolts to supported member 4 10.4 DESIGN CHECK NO. 4 — Design capacity of angle cleats (Shear, bending, block shear) 10.5 DESIGN CHECK NO. 5 — Design capacity of supported member (Shear—Uncoped or coped) 10.6 DESIGN CHECK NO. 6 — Design capacity of supported member (Block shear—Coped section) 10.7 DESIGN CHECK NO.7 — Design capacity of supported member (Bending of coped section) 10.8 DESIGN CHECK NO. 8 — Beam rotation check 10.9 DESIGN CHECK NO. 9 — Local stability of coped supported member 10.10 DESIGN CHECK NO. 10 — Local capacity of supporting member rs design guide 5 we angle cleat connections, frst edition10 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 10.1. DESIGN CHECK NO. 1— MODEL—DOUBLE ANGLE Detailing limitations CLEATS itations (Refer Figure 12) Bolts M20 or M2é bolts 8.8/S bolting category minimum 2 rows, maximum 9 rows of bolts bolt gauge double angle cleats (25,3 + fy») should be within the range of 11 — 18 x nominal angle thickness (t) (Figure 12) ’ax. 180, min. 110 for nominal 10 thick angle = max. 144, min 88 for nominal 8 thick angle Angle Nominal 8 or 10 mm thick Grade 300 minimum depth d, > 0.5 x supported member depth, d (Figure 12) edge distances (minimum) 1.54; vertically (d;= bolt diameter) 1.254, horizontally hole diameters 22 mm for M20 26 mm for M24 Positioned as close as possible/practical to top flange or at cope extremitios maximum depth di Controlled by clearance requirement (DESIGN CHECK NO. 8) ‘Supported member Grades 300/ 350 & design guide 5 Dm. angle cleat connections, frst edition10 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 10.2. DESIGN CHECK NO. 2—Design MODEL—DOUBLE ANGLE of bolts to supporting CLEATS. Based on formulae derived in Section 3.6 of Handbook 1. Design capacity of bolts in group a—connected to support: single shear ne line of bolts in each cleat in Va = [2p (Var); 2p (Vos); 2p ((>Voc)]min where Var = [Vin OF OVic: 0.9 x 3.2 b dr fas 0.9 % 3.2 fe de funin 0.9 aeyif fu Boy = (Aes; Bo6 — 1min (Fig. 12) es = 8) dy2—1 (Fig. 12) OVbe= 0.9 aoe fe fac @s¢ = minimum vertical edge distance (including distance from centre of hole to hole edge) in supporting member—usually a.s (Fig. 12) 4Vip = design capacity in shear for bolt with threads included in the shear plane (Table 10 of Handbook 1) = 92.6 KN for M20 bolt, 8.8/8 category 133 KN for M24 bolt, 8.8/S category Va = design capacity in shear for bolt with threads excluded from shear plane (Table 10 of Handbook 1) = 129 KN for M20 bolt, 8.8/S category 186 KN for M24 bolt, 8.8/S category fy = tensile strength of angle cleat component t= thickness of angle cleat component fic = tensile strength of supporting member t. = thickness of supporting member dr = bolt diameter ng = number of bolt rows p= bolt pitch dy = hole diameter NOTE: Threads are normally assumed to be included in the shear plane unless specifically detailed so that they can be considered excluded (refer to Design Guide 1) Where packers are inserted between the a leg and the support when shimming to length and where such packers have a thickness > 6 mm (which is unlikely), Clause 9.3.2.5 of AS 4100 requires that the nominal shear capacity of the bolt (Vis or Vj, a8 appropriate) be reduced by 15%. The thickness of the packing must not exceed 20 mm.40 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 10.3. DESIGN CHECK NO. 3—Des MODEL—DOUBLE ANGLE capacity of bolts to supported CLEATS member Based on formulae in Section 3.9 of Handbook 1 Design capacity of bolts in group B—connected to supported member web: bolts in double shear 10.3.1 Alternative ’A’—Single where 1¢ of bolts to supported member Vo = [2Z» (Vai); 2N9($Vou)i 2Mp Ze (bVon)] mia Var = [Vin OF OVoe5 0.9 x 3.2 ti dh fy; 0.9 x 3.2 ta Ge FawlZIrin ne ing ts, = % i Vor= | EE 0.94 ulifa | ain ay = [2ea Anemia © aye = [uni Tein (Fg. 12) Vine [2280 af a 2 oi = (8er~1) ess = (@er-1) (Fig. 12) 10.3.2 Alternative ’B'—Double line of bolts to supported member where Vy = [2Z5 (Vai): 4M, Zou (OVoe)s 4N-Zon(Von)]iin Var = [Vin OF OVixi 0.9 x 3.2 th defi: 0.9 % 3.2 bon Ot fowl Znin 2n,, 2 = |y, Palse | | 2etbeata) im+t 4), y4 } ' 1 1 3,-5.5 | 5 | ng Soa 2 = 8 +8p!2 hp = “Mn te 3eps,}] wt Zen = Jan Zu = I Neate] 0.94 5plyohor OV, = | astiin so cats lan Ven = | 2 22aelatln 0.90. en 2 2 ei = [8625 @ar—Tnin au (Fig. 12) Bey = (26s: 205—tInin oye (Fig. 12) a3 = Sy~ch/2—1 eo (Fig. 12) Vin. $Vie—tefer to DESIGN CHECK NO. 2 f= tensile strength of angle cleat component {= thickness of angle cleat component 5) = bolt pitch d; = bolt diameter n> = number of bolt rows fa = tensile strength of supported member web ta» = thickness of supported member web d, = hole diameter design guide 5 wo 15. angle cleat connections, frst edition10 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 10.4. DESIGN CHECK NO. 4—Design MODEL—DOUBLE ANGLE capacity of angle cleats (Shear, CLEATS bending, block shear) Based on formulae in Section 5.4 of Handbook 4 and using notation therein. Design capacity of angle cleat in shear: Ve = 2 0.9 x 0.5ty dt = 0.90f, t dh Design capacity of angle cleat in bending: Vs = 2x 6Mu/op Ma = 2 ostdet 0.45 fut o? where ; = Sg) _ single column of bolts, Alternative A = 591 + 0.5 Sq2 double column of bolts, Alternative B fy = yield stress of angle cleat component {= thickness of angle cleat component 4 = depth of angle cleat component Design capacity of angle cleat in block shear: Ve = 2% OAn fi * 0.6fi Ag NOTE: Check both legs (« and # legs) of angles. where 6 = 0.75 (Section 5.4 of Handbook 1) fy tensile strength of angle cleat component fy = yield stress of angle cleat component Agu Aoy= areas as defined in Figure 13 Ss FA 4, 4, 4 (nst)s, t | fF aBleg B leg only An = (aor — 0.5 dn)ti An = ht Age = hth Ayelet he = (nyt) So 296 Ne = (Met) Sp # Boe d, =hole diameter h = Sge + G7 — 1.5dy t= thickness of angle dy = hole diameter t= thickness of angle FIGURE 13 BLOCK SHEAR CAPACITY AREAS—DOUBLE ANGLE CLEATS @ design guide 5 Gi « angle cleat connections, first edition10 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 10.5 DESIGN CHECK NO. 5—Design MODEL—DOUBLE ANGLE capacity of supported member CLEATS (Shear—Uncoped or coped) Design capacity of supported member in shear: (Section 6.2 of Handbook 1) (Section 6.4 of Handbook 1) (Section 6.6 of Handbook 1) Vi = Mo for an uncoped beam Vas for a single web coped beam = Vw for a double web coped beam Since the design moment at the connection will generally be less than 0.75)M,, the design capacity in shear will not nead to be reduced for the presence of moment (refer to Sections 6.2— 6.6 of Handbook 1). Uncoped beam (Section 6.2 of Handbook 1): 8Vso = 0.54 fwAy provided é {AS 4100 Clause 5.11.2) where d, = depth of web panel = d-2t, d= depth of a section t= thickness of flange of a section ty = thickness of the web of a section Aw = gross sectional area of the web of a section d, ty (for welded sections) dl, (for hot-rolled sections) yw = yield stress of web of a section ‘Single web coped beam (Section 6.4 of Handbook 1): 1.08 Fythaty TG OM al he dy = depth of web remaining at cope Ves = 0.9 Y= (AS 4100 Clause 5.11.3) 09+ Q. = first moment of area of section at cope J, = second moment of area of section at cope Double web coped beam (Section 6.6 of Handbook 1): Yaa 0.45 ff de (terms as defined above) . design guide § ow angle cleat connections, first edition10 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 10.6 DESIGN CHECK NO. 6—Design MODEL—DOUBLE ANGLE capacity of supported member CLEATS (Block shear—Coped sections) Design capacity of coped supported member in block shear: Va = $Ves where $Vbe is defined in Section 6.9 of Handbook 1 F §{0.5 Ane fit 0.6 fw Apel 0.75 (Section 5.4 of Handbook 1) tensile strength of web yield stress of web Relevant areas An. and A,, are defined as shown in Figure 14. h A Sea, | ot Bes FIGURE 14 BLOCK SHEAR CAPACITY PARAMETERS—SUPPORTED MEMBER For both SWC and DWC: Ay = htw oy = het a, — 0.5ch, Gea + (Mp1) Sp Sq2 + Boi -1.5ch, eq + (Mp —1) Sp @ design guide 5 angle cleat connections, first edition Single column of bolts: Double column of bolts:40 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 10.7 DESIGN CHECK NO. 7—Design MODEL—DOUBLE ANGLE capacity of supported member CLEATS (Bending of coped sections) in capacity of coped supported member in bending: (Section 6.4 of Handbook 1) Vy = $M,s/ey for a single web coped beam (Section 6.6 of Handbook 1) ‘¢Mqdley for a double web coped beam single column of bolts, Alternative A (Fig. 15) double column of bolts, Alternative 8 (Fig. 15) where: @y = Le + (85 — det) = Le + (Soi ~ Ger) design capacity of a single web coped section in bending where Mz. Mag )M,, and $M., require consideration of the following design section capacity assuming that full plastic moment can be developed by the coped design capacity of a double web coped section in bending section. design section capacity considering local buckling of the coped section rmulae for both alternatives are presented in Sections 6.3 and 6.6 of Handbook 1 and are not repeated here due to the extent of the equations involved. be < oo | -Cical section Ctca section / 4 Vo a } a + Ps @, & ‘Alternative A Alternative 8 FIGURE 15 BENDING—COPED SUPPORTED MEMBER . 4 design guide 5 eS angle cleat connections, first edition10 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 10.8 DESIGN CHECK NO. 8—Beam MODEL—DOUBLE ANGLE. rotation check CLEATS In order that the supported member does not rotate to such an extent so that the bottom flange Sy — Ber +04 Ber 5g, or 240-54 <1 should be satisfied a, +050, Suan Ob where 0) = beam rotation (refer Figure 16). Rotation is assumed to occur about the centre of the bolt group, assumed to be at the centre of the cleat. touches the supporting member, the ratio ial _—t | ++ Np 2 a. FIGURE 16 PARAMETERS FOR ROTATION CHECK If this inequality is not satisfied, the simplest solution is to increase (sj; ~ @e:) in Figure 16 by adjusting the gauge or the edge distance. This check is not of concern for the double web coped beams, as the removal of the bottom flange removes any possibility of the bottom flange touching. @ design guide 5 GH 2 angle cleat connections, first e«10 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 10.9 DESIGN CHECK NO. 9—Local MODEL—DOUBLE ANGLE stability of coped supported CLEATS member (a)swe ()pwe FIGURE 17 LOCAL STABILITY PARAMETERS—COPED SUPPORTED MEMBER When the beam is restrained against lateral torsional buckling, no account need be taken of stability of the coped section provided the following conditions are met (based on Ref. 4) Single web coped beam (Figure 17(a)) da < 0.50 and L. ; §p; 54) ‘supporting column web (Ref. 4) S) = bolt pitch ¢ design guide 6 mw angle cleat connections, first edition41 RECOMMENDED DESIGN MODEL—SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT—SUMMARY OF CHECKS Design is based on determining Vses, the design capacity of the connection, which is the minimum of the design capacities Vs, Vor Ver Vis Vor Vir Vox Viv The design requirement is then Vies 2 V* (design shear force). From AS 4100 Clause 9.1.4(b)(i) (Ref. 1), this connection must be designed for a minimum design shear force of 40 KN, or 0.15 x member design shear capacity, whichever is the lesser. ‘Summary of checks—Single angle cleat 14.1 DESIGN CHECK NO. 14.2 DESIGN CHECK NO. 11.3. DESIGN CHECK No. 14.4. DESIGN CHECK NO. 11.5 DESIGN CHECK NO. 11.6 DESIGN CHECK NO. 11.7 DESIGN CHECK NO. 11.8 DESIGN CHECK NO. 11.9 DESIGN CHECK NO. 11.10 DESIGN CHECK NO. 1 2 3 4 10 — Local capacity of supporting member — Detailing limitations — Design capacity of bolts to supporting member — Design capacity of bolts to supported member —Design capacity of angle cleat (Shear, bending, block shear) — Design capacity of supported member (Shear—Uncoped or coped) — Design capacity of supported member (Block shear—Coped section) — Design capacity of supported member (Bending of coped section) — Beam rotation check — Local stability of coped supported member design guide 5 angle cleat connections, first edition 1 2444 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 14.1 DESIGN CHECK NO. 1— MODEL—SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT Detailing limitations tations (Refer Figure 12) M20 or M24 bolts 8.8/6 bolting category minimum 2 rows, maximum 9 rows of bolts Angle Nominal 8 or 10 mm thick Grade 300 minimum depth 20.5 x supported member depth, d (Fig. 12) edge distances (minimum) 1.50; vertically (d,= bolt diameter) 1.25d; horizontally hole diameters, 22 mm for M20 26 mm for M24 positioned as close as possible/practical to top flange or at cope extrerrities maximum depth di Controlled by clearance requirement (DESIGN CHECK NO. 8) Supported member Grades 300/350 ¢ design guide 5 GI 2 angle cleat connections, first edition11 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 11.2. DESIGN CHECK NO. 2—Design MODEL—SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT capacity of bolts to supporting member Based on formulae in Section 3.6 of Handbook 1 Design capacity of bolts in group a—Connected to support: one line of bolts in single shear Va = where 2 ea Vue Moa = Vo = oy a3 = Boe Ven = Vin = Vie dy = [Zp (Vai); M (@Voa); Mp (Voc); Mp Ze (®Ven)Imin Po. i e/5,(0, +P S00 [Vin OF 6V 4; 0.9 3.2 thd fy; 0.9 * 3.2 fe dt ficlin 0.9 aon tf 0.9 ave hc [asi 200~ nin (Fig. 12) Sy dy2= 4 (Fig. 12) minimum vertical edge distance (including distance from centre of hole to hole edge) in supporting member—usually as (Fig. 12) 0.9 fifuilaee— 1) (es a8 shown in Fig. 12) = 5, (np + 1)/60, design capacity in shear for bolt with threads included in the shear plane (Table 10 of Hancbook 1) 92.6 kN for M20 bolt, 8.8/S category 133 kN for M24 bolt, 8.8/S category = design capacity in shear for bolt with threads excluded from shear plane (Table 10 ‘of Handbook 1) 129 kN for M20 bolt, 8.8/S category 186 kN for M24 bolt, 8.8/S category tensile strength of angle cleat component thickness of angle cleat component tensile strength of supporting member thickness of supporting member bolt diameter number of bolt rows. bolt pitch hole diameter NOTE: Threads are normally assumed to be included in the shear plane unless specifically detailed so that they can be considered excluded (refer to Design Guide 1). Where packers are inserted between the o leg and the support when shimming to length and where such packers have a thickness > 6 mm (which is unlikely), Clause 9.3.2.5 of AS 4100 requires that the nominal shear capacity of the bolt (Vi, or Va a8 appropriate) be reduced by 15%. The thickness of the packing must not exceed 20 mm. ¢ design gute 8 2 angle lea arses, est ein wo11 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 11.3, DESIGN CHECK NO. 3—Design MODEL—SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT capacity of bolts to supported member Based on formulae in Section 3.9 of Handbook 1 Design capacity of bolts in group §—Connected to supported member web: one line of polis in single shear 11.3.1. Alternative 'A’—Single line of bolts to supported member Ve = [Zu (Var): Mol>Ver); Mp Zo (PVen)Imin where Visi = [Vin OF Vix; 0.9 X 3.2 fi dy fu; 0.9 % 3.2 loa Gt Fondein h, Zp 62, + ee ray ep = Sot $Vev= [0.9 aoye tut fos 0.9 aay fs Lidmin ays = [24s 96 — Tein eyo = [8595 8u4~ Inn (Fig. 12) 4Vep= [0.9 ox tye fay 0-9 Ae Falmin eu = (Ber - 1) ee = (261-1) (Fig. 12) — ovis, 25 = be 11.3.2. Alternative ’8'—Double line of bolts to supported member Vo = (Zo (Ves): 2p Zou (Vor): 2MpZenl$Von)nin where Vue = [Vin OF Vie 0.9 x 3.2 bd fis 0.9 % 3.2 ba Oe felon 2n, a= 1 nS, Se = > fap = "EE [nf -4)+ 3,015, —1__ Zn = v= [4 Moen See top. Voy = [0.9 aoyr two fuwi 0.9 Boy ti fullmin Von = [0.9 Gea tan fuws 0.9 Boni f fuilmin Boxi [ae2; er = min Ben = [Ber - 1, Aoalmin (Fig. 12) Boy [ae3; 46 ~ Tin Gey = [Ae3; ee 1, 95 = Imin (Fig. 12) an = 5 di2—1 aun = 5 ~ G2 - (Fig. 12) $e, #Vae—feler lo DESIGN CHECK NO. 2 fa = tensile strength of angle cleat component fi = thickness of angle cleat component Sp bolt pitch d; = bolt diameter ny = number of bolt rows fy = tensile strength of supported member web tw = thickness of supported member web hole diameter & > design guide 5 @ 2 angle cleat connections, frst edition11 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 11.4. DESIGN CHECK NO. 4—Design MODEL—SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT capacity of angle cleat (Shear, bending, block shear) Based on formulae in Section 5.4 of Handbook 1 and using notation therein. Design capacity of angle cleat in shear: Ve = 0.9 x 0.5fy df = 0.45 fyb ch Design capacity of angle cleat in bendi fy = yield stress of angle cleat component Design capacity of angle cl block shear: Ve = @1An fui + 0.6% Age] NOTE: Check both legs (a and f legs) of angle where = 0.75 (Section 5.4 of Handbook 1) fu. = tensile strength of angle cleat component hy yield stress of angle cleat component Agu Agu = areas as defined in Figure 20 4, | Heth (nets, } (9-5 { } ae ae f f fy ! ar a, Bleg B leg only An: = (aor — 0.5 dn)ti Ae = hth Agy = hb Agy = ly th k= (Mp1) Sp es k= (np =1) Sot Bee d, = hole diameter I = Sap + Ger ~ 15d t= thickness of angle d, = hole diameter t= thickness of angle FIGURE 20 BLOCK SHEAR CAPACITY AREAS—SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT rs design guide § = angle cleat connections, first edition44 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 11.5 DESIGN CHECK NO. 5—Design MODEL—SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT capacity of supported member (Shear—Uncoped or coped) Design capacity of supported member in shear: Vi = §Vio for an uncoped beam (Section 6.2 of Handbcok 1) = $Ves for a single web coped beam (Section 6.4 of Handbcok 1) = Vas for a double web coped beam (Section 6.6 of Handbcok 1) Since the design moment at the connection will generally be less than 0.75)M,, the design capacity in shear will not need to be reduced for the presence of moment (refer to Sections 6.2- 5.6 of Handbook 1) Uncoped beam (Section 6.2 of Handbook 1): 0Vso = 0.54 fywy provided “<2 {AS 4100 Clause 6.11.2) yw \l250] where: d, = depth of web panel = d -2f, d= depth of a section = thickness of flange of a section ly = thickness of the web of a section Ay = gross sectional area of the web of a section a ty (for welded sections) ty (for hot-rolled sections) fw = yield stress of web of a section Single web coped beam (Section 6.4 of Handbook 1): 1.08 fy daly Od, 1, 09% £0.54 yyy (AS 4100 Clause 5.11.3) dy = depth of web remaining at cope Q._ = first moment of area of section at cope second moment of area of section at cope ion 6.6 of Handbook 1): Double web coped beam (Se: Vas 0.45fu ta de } design guide 5 Gl 2 angle cleat connections, first edition11 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 44.6 DESIGN CHECK NO. 6—Design MODEL—SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT capacity of supported member (Block shear—Coped sections) Design capacity of coped supported member in block shear: Vy = Vee where @Vps/s defined in Section 6.9 of Handbook 1 = $10.5 An font 0.6 fw Ag] 6 = 0.75 (Section 5.4 of Handbook 1) fw = tensile strength of web fw = yield stress of web Relevant areas Ay and A,, are defined as shown in Figure 21 [Sa FIGURE 21 BLOCK SHEAR CAPACITY PARAMETERS—SUPPORTED MEMBER For both SWE and DWC: An = hty Agy = Inte Single column of bolts: = @r— 0.5 1, = aga (Mp1) Sp Double column of bolts: k = Sy2 + ae: ~1.5dh, 2.4 + (M51) 5 destgn guide 5 20 e in) ‘angle cleat connections, first edition11 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 14.7, DESIGN CHECK NO. 7—Design MODEL—SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT capacity of supported member (Bending of coped sections) n capacity of coped supported member in bending: Vi = $Mysle, for a single web coped beam (Section 6.4 of Handbook 1) = Mss/e, for a double web coped beam (Section 6.6 of Handbook 1) where: @ = Le + (S51 ~ asi) single column of bolts, Alternative A (Fig. 22) = Le + (891 ~ a1) double column of bolts, Alternative 8 (Fig. 22) where jM.. = design capacity of a single web coped section in bending $M.s = design capacity of a double web coped section in bending Mc. and Mes require consideration of the following: — design section capacity assuming that full plastic moment can be developed by the coped section. — design section capacity considering local buckling of the coped section. rmulae for both alternatives are presented in Sections 6.3 and 6.6 of Handbook 1 and are not repeated here due to the extent of the equations involved, Sot St sea lke lk. 4 Critical Critical section section a a vu Vv Alternative A Atterative B FIGURE 22 BENDING—COPED SUPPORTED MEMBER & design guide 5 ms angle cleat connections, first edition11 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 11.8 DESIGN CHECK NO. 8—Beam MODEL—SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT rotation check In order that the supported member does not rotate to such an extent so that the bottom flange 3.1054, < 1 should be satisfied S18 touches th ting member, the ratio —8 ">, or touches the supporting member, the ratio °F 6, 01 Se where 0» = beam rotation (refer Figure 23). Rotation is assumed to occur about the centre of the bolt group, assumed to be at the centre of the cleat. FIGURE 23 PARAMETERS FOR ROTATION CHECK If this inequality is not satisfied, the simplest solution is to increase (sj: ~ ass) in Figure 23 by adjusting the gauge or the edge distance. This check is not of concer for the double web coped beams, as the removal of the bottom flange removes any possibility of the bottom flange touching € design guide 5 oe angle cleat connections, first edition11 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 11.9 DESIGN CHECK NO. 9—Local MODEL—SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT stability of coped supported member (a) swe (e) Dwe FIGURE 24 LOCAL STABILITY PARAMETERS—COPED SUPPORTED MEMBER, When the beam is restrained against lateral torsional buckling, no account need be taken of stability of the coped section provided the following conditions are met (based on Ref. 4): Single web coped beam (Figure 24(a)) da < 0.5d Lsd for 2 < 200 tow Lee T80x10° foe -, 900 < ie eae) Double web coped beam (Figure 24(b)) des, dey $ 0.200 ca for «900 Se fw wos whee tag = thlokness of supported member web fe = Yild strane of supported member web Where the length of the cope exceeds the above limits, suitable web reinforcement should be provided—refer to Section 6.10 of Handbook 1 This design check applies if the beam is restrained against lateral torsional buckling. Where the beam is unrestrained against lateral torsional buckling refer to Note 3 in Section 12 of this Design Guide. design ic 5 %11 RECOMMENDED DESIGN 11.10 DESIGN CHECK NO. 10—Local MODEL—SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT capacity of supporting member 14.10.1 Single-sided connection te an Pence He + rows + e bolts + ‘of bolts > rs , ftp toBe Lys y { . a) . v r 4 i web A Web uv v" romeo ber st sag ova FIGURE 25 SUPPORTING MEMBERS WITH SUPPORTED MEMBER ON ONE SIDE Local shear design capacity—Supporting member web (beam or column): Ve < 0.90 x 0.60 fy der te (Section 6.2 of Handbook 1) OR VO < 0.54 fredor Local bearing design capacity—Supporting member (beam or column): ve $ [0.90 x 3.2 dhfe fue} 0.9 2 te foclmin (Section 3.6 of Handbook 1) ORV < M4l2.88 ate fics 0.9 a2 te fuclmin where fe = tensile strength of supporting member (web or flange) t. = thickness of supporting member (web f,, or flange 4) fc = yield stress of supporting member (web or flange) d; = bolt diameter 4, (sp- 1) 2 dy = hole diameter dy, = shear transfer depth = e+ (Mp 1)5) + & (Ref. 4) = minimum of (e413 5c) supporting beam or column web (Ref. 4) = minimum of (@1; 54h) supporting beam web (Ref. 4) = 5d supporting column web (Ref. 4) = bolt pitch e design guide 5 wo angle cleat connections, first edition11.10.2 Double-sided connection amin’ Cal secon ye Loge ts Sp Coped to cana, { ene bets Sepedio Ve it J‘ tt vey Yew dh MN. To supporting ; menats eM beam web Icolumn web FIGURE 26 SUPPORTING MEMBERS WITH SUPPORTED MEMBERS ON TWO SIDES Local shear design capacity—Supporting member web (beam or column): Vj FAV; < 0.90 x 0.60 hye do: te (Section 6.2 of Handbook 1) Pan OR WTP HVE 5 0.54 feds te Local bearing design capacity—Supporting member web (beam or column): S 10.90 3.2 d) fe fue; 0.9 aa2 fe fudnin (Section 3.6 of Handbook 1) Ve VES (2.88 dt 0.9 002 felon Tey Oe where foc = tensile strength of supporting member web t = thickness of supporting member web fy fy = yield stress of supporting member web d= bolt diameter d, Ben (Sp 1) d, = hole diameter de; = shear transfer depth = e,+ (Mya 1)s) + e (Ref. 4) = minimum of (en; Sal) supporting beam or column web (Ref. 4) 6 = minimum of (@2: p:5ch) supporting beam web (Ref. 4) = minimum of (5: 54) supporting column web (Ref. 4) 8, = bolt pitch e design guide 5 H angle cleat connections,12 (1) (2) (3) OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS, Column design moment (MM: ) is given by: Mz = V'(e. * tw/2)/1000 kNm connection to column web = Vilec + de/2)/1000 kNm connection to column flange where e, = © as defined in Sections 10.2 and 11.2 but must be 2100 mm (AS 4100 Clause 4.3.4) tye = column web thickness (mm) d. = column depth (mm) Connection components and coped sections are generally so short that lateral torsional buckling of the connection elements and coped section will not occur. Coping of beam ends may reduce the elastic critical buckling moment of a laterally unsupported flexural member. In AS 4100, no specific guidance is given about the effect of web coping on the buckling capacity of a laterally unrestrained coped beam, but it would be prudent to either perform a buckling analysis (permitted by Clause 5.6.4) or assume only partial restraint at the coped end when calculating the twist restraint factor (k,) and the lateral restraint factor (kz) when using Clause 5.6.3. A k, value of 1.0 should always be used for supported members connected by angle cleats only, whether the members are coped or uncoped due to the lack of restraint to the top flange. ‘Some references relevant to this matter are discussed in Section 6.8 of Handbook 1 Specific guidance is available in Ref. 4. design guide § 36 ‘angle cleat connections, first edition wo13 13 14 REFERENCES STANDARDS AUSTRALIA, AS 4100—1998 ‘Stee! structures’ AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, ‘Design of structural connections’, 4" edition, Authors Hogan, T.J. and Thomas, |.R., Editor Syam, A.A, 1994 AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, ‘Standardized structural connections’, 3" edition, 1985. STEEL CONSTRUCTION INSTITUTE AND BRITISH CONSTRUCTIONAL STEELWORK ASSOCIATION, ‘Joints in stee! construction: Simple connections’, Publication P212 2002. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, ‘Stee! construction manuat, 13" edition, 2005, Mansell, D.S. and Pham, L. ‘Testing of standardized connections’, Institution of Engineers Australia, Metal Structures Conference 1981, Proceedings, pp. 107—112. Pham, L. and Mansell, D.S. ‘Testing of standardized connections’, Australian Welding Research, Vol. 11, December 1982, pp. 15-22. Kulak, G.L., Fisher, J.W. and Struik, J.H.A. ‘Guide fo design criteria for bolted and riveted joints’, 2"° edition (2001 Published by American Institute of Steel Construction) Munse, W.H., Bell, W.G. and Chesson, E. ‘Behaviour of riveted and bolted beam-to- column connections’, Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 85, No. ST3, March 1959, p. 29. Lewitt, C, Chesson, E. and Munse, W. ‘Restraint characteristics of flexible riveted and bolted beam-to-column connections’, Univ of Illinois Engineering Exp. Station, Bulletin 500, 1969. Lipson, S.P. ‘Single-angle and single-plate beam framing connections’ Canadian Structural Engineering Conference, Proceedings (1*), University of Toronto, 1968, p. 141 Lipson, S.L. ‘Single-angle welded-bolted connections’, Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. ST3, March 1977, pp.559-572. Carrato, P.J., ‘A comparison of Australian and American design of double angle connections’, Engineering Journal, American Institute of Stee! Construction, 3°° Quarter, 2003, pp.139-147. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, ‘Manual of stee! construction load and resistance factor design’, 3"° Edition, 2001 cesin ide 5 a angle cleat connections, first edition @14 DESIGN EXAMPLES 14.1 Design example No. 1— Connection capacity with single- sided double AC connection to supporting column 65 Fal 138 v'= 300 kN all + J. L Tot 35 410UB53.7 I 70 Grade 300 8h ot 35] 65 45 \-100x100%8 Zo 280 ong — Grade 300 200UC59.5 — Grade 300 FIGURE 27 SINGLE-SIDED DOUBLE AC CONNECTION TO SUPPORTING COLUMN Design parameters Angle cleats 410UB53.7 (Grade 300) 200UC59.5 (Grade 300) Bolts d= 280mm on, = 2 fy =320MPa fy = 440 MPa f =7.8mm sy = 65mm Sys ace - 1 = 34mm 8) = 70mm 34mm — age~ 1 - 22 ty = 4 aes = 70~ -1= 58mm fow 440 MPa fy =320MPa d = 403mm So = 65mm — ae 44mm azz not relevant (single line of bolts) ee not relevant (uncoped) Le = O (uncoped) —_ags_not relevant (uncoped) ye = 300 MPa fue = 440 MPa & © = [100; 100}min = 100 mm ey = (69; 100)min = 69 mm dys = 100 + (4-1) x 70+ 69 = 379 mm M20 bolts 8.8/S category, threads included in shear plane 4 x M20 bolts in 8.8N/S category in each leg in 22 dia. holes = 20mm dh = 22mm — Vn = 92.6 KN, 4.2 mm Design eccentricity, ey = 65 mm DESIGN CHECK NO. 1 Bolts 8) = Angle M20 bolts 8.8/S category n,=4 <9 >2 COMPLIES (2595 * tus) = 138mm —-< 144 mm maximum 2 88 mm minimum COMPLIES 8 mm (Nom.) COMPLIES i= 280 mm > 0.5 x 403 = 201.5 mm COMPLIES all edge distances (ass, aor, &6s) > 1.5 x 20 = 30 mm COMPLIES Grade 300 COMPLIES design guide § os ‘angle cleat connections, frst editionDESIGN CHECK NO. 2 Design capacity of bolt group a—Connected to support Vor = minimum of: 92.6 kN 0.9 x 3.2 x 7.8 x 20 x 440/10" = 198 kN 0.9 x 3.2 x 14.2 x 20 x 440/10° = 360 KN = 92.6 KN Bey, = (58; 34]nin = 34 mm oc = 58 mm 0.9 « 34 « 7.8 x 440/10° 105 kN $Voo= 0.9 x 58 x 14.2 x 440/10" = 326 KN Va = 2x 4x 92.6 = 741 kN DESIGN CHECK NO. 3 Design capacity of bolt group B—Connected to supported member web: 4Var= minimum of: 92.6 kN 0.9 x 3.2 x 7.8 x 20 x 440/10° = 198 KN 0.9 x 3.2 x 7.6 x 20 x 440/(2 x 10%) = 96.3 KN = 92.6 kN 158; 34)nin = 34mm — aay = 58mm (uncoped) aaa = 34MM — dom = 44 mm minimum of: 0.9 x 58 x 7.6 x 440/(2 x 10%) = 87.3 KN 0.9 x 34x 7.8 x 440/10? =105 KN = 87.3 kN minimum of: 0.9 x 44 x 7.6 x 440/(2 x 10°) = 66.2 KN 0.9 x 34 x 7.8 x 440/10° = 105 kN 66.2 kN ny = 4, @)=65mm, s,=70mm f, 2 | 6c, | for B bolt group 0+, ‘ esp 28 (6x70) 2. = (n+ 1)5/66= 570/665) = 0.897 Vy = minimumot —-2x2.67%926 = 494KN 2*4x 87.3 = 698 KN 24 x0.897 x 66.2 = 475 KN = ATS KN sesin aus 6 2° @ ancl clen comune frst ton aDESIGN CHECK NO. 4 Design capacity of angle cleat in shear: Ve = 2x 0.9 x 0.5 x 320 x 280 x 7.8/10° = 629 kN Design capacity of angle cleat in bending (e, = 65 mm): 20.9%320%7.8 (280) 4x65x10° Ve = = 1355 kN Design capacity of angle cleat in block shear: An = (35 = 0.5 x 22) x 7.8 = 187 mm? Age = ((4—1) x 70 + 35) x 7.8 = 1911 mm? Ve = 2x 0.75 x (187 x 440 + 0.6 x 320 x 1911]/10° = 674 KN DESIGN CHECK NO. 5 Design capacity of 410UBS3.7 in shear: Vi = 0.9 x 0.6 x 320 x 403 x 7.6/10° = 529 KN DESIGN CHECK NO. 6 Not required as beam is uncoped. DESIGN CHECK NO. 7. Not required as beam is uncoped. DESIGN CHECK NO. 8 Sq = 65mm ae) = 45mm S91 ~ ey = 20 mm a, = 403-100 - 210-35 = 58mm 05d, = 140mm a +.0.5 4, = 198 mm Hence beam rotation 0, < 22 = 0.101 radians ** 798 Check beam rotation under design load—unlikely to cause supported member to touch supporting member, given value of 0, to cause touching. DESIGN CHECK NO. 9. Not required as beam is uncoped. DESIGN CHECK NO. 10 200UCS59.5 column flange—Local shear capacity check not required Vis 4x 5.76 x 20x 14.2 x 440/10° = 2880 kN S 4% 1.8 « 58 x 14.2 « 440/10" = 2609 KN COMPLIES DESIGN CAPACITY OF CONNECTION Vie = minimum of (741; 476; 629; 1355; 674; 529] = 475 kN > V¥=300 KN . design guide 5 oH angle cleat connections, first edition14 DESIGN EXAMPLES 14.2 Design example No. 2— Connection capacity with single- sided single AC connection to supporting beam V"= 180 kN 120 65 35. | 65] a er tool — to it 704 a Ht 35 100x100%8, x 280 lon Grade 300 [4® 410UB53.7 65_| Zo Grade 300 erousi13 Grade 300 ——> FIGURE 28 SINGLE-SIDED SINGLE AC CONNECTION TO SUPPORTING BEAM Design parameters Angle cleat 410UB53.7 (Grade 300) 610UB113 (Grade 300) d= 280mm ne =4 =320MPa fy = 440 MPa f =7.8mm Sq = 65mm — 555 = 65mm aye 1 = 34mm 8» = 70mm 09 - 1 = 34 mm ny 24 ~1=58mm tay = 7.6 mm foe fw =320MPa = d = 403mm sy = 65mm a — aco not relevant (single line) ae — 1 = 34: mm be = 120mm as not relevant (not double coped) fe = 300 MPa & = 112mm — fe = 440 MPa 1 = [100, 100}nin = 100 mm 4 = [292; 10min = 100 mm hy = 100 + (4-1) x 70 + 100 = 410 mm Bolts M20 bolts 8.8/S category threads included in shear plane 4 x M20 bolts in 8.8N/S category in each leg in 22 dia. holes dy =20mm dy =22mm — Vy = 92.6 KN Design eccentricities, @, = 65 mm 2, = 65 mm DESIGN CHECK NO. 1 Bolts Angle a3 M20 bolts 8.8/S category COMPLIES t= 8mm (Nom.) COMPLIES 4d; = 280 mm > 0.5 x 403 = 201.5 mm COMPLIES all edge distances (a.5, a7, aes) > 1.5 x 20 = 30 mm COMPLIES Grade 300 COMPLIES design guise » m4 ‘angle cleat connections, first editionDESIGN CHECK NO. 2 De n capacity of bolt group a—Connected to support: Va) = minimum of: 92.6 kN 0.9% 3.2 7.8 x 20 x 440/10° = 198 KN 0.9 x 3.2 x 11.2 x 20 x 440/10" = 284 kN oy = [58: 34Jnin = 34mm oc = 58 mm Vee = 0.9 x 34 x 7.8 x 440/10" = 105 KN Vee = 0.9 x 58 x 11.2 x 440/10° 57 kN Ven = 0.9 x 34x 7.8 x 440/10° = 105 KN ee My 8, = 70 mm B= Ze V, = minimum of: 2.67 «92.6 = 247 KN 4x 105 = 420 kN 4x 257 = 1029 kN 40.897 x 105 = 377 KN = 247 KN DESIGN CHECK NO. 3 Design capacity of bolt group Connected to supported member web: Var = minimum of: 92.6 kN 0.9 x 3.2 « 7.8 x 20 x 440/10° = 198 kN 0.9 x 3.2 «7.6 x 20 x 440/10° = 193 KN 2.6 KN oy = (58; 34]nin = 94 mM — aeyp = (58, 34] = 34 mM agi = 34 MM — Baxy = 44 mm Vou = minimum of: 0.9 x 34 x 7.6 x 440/10° = 102 kN 0.9 x 34 x 7.8 x 440/10" = 105 kN (02 KN Ven = minimum of: 0.9 x 44 x 7.6 x 440/10" = 192 kN 0.9 x 34 x 7.8 x 440/10" = 105 kN = 105 kN 2 = 267 Z.= 0.897 Vo = minimum of; 2.67 x 92.6 = 247 kN 4x 102 = 409 kN 4% 0.897105 = 377kKN = 247 KN DESIGN CHECK NO. 4 Design capacity of angle cleat in shear: Ve = 0.9% 1x 0.5 x 320 x 280 x 7.8/10° = 314 kN Design capacity of angle cleat in bending: 0.9%1x320x7.8x(280)" Va = 4x65%10° = 677 kN Design capacity of angle cleat in block shear: Aq = (35~ 0.5 x 22) x 7.8 = 187 mm? Ag = (4-1) x 70 + 35) x 7.8 = 1911 mm Ve = 0.75 x [187 x 440 + 0.6 x 1911 x 320)/'10° = 337 kN design guide 5 2 e angle let connctons est eon aDESIGN CHECK NO. 8 Single web coped beam Ve = Vas = 387 KN (Table 33 in Handbock 1) DESIGN CHECK NO. 6 Single web coped beam, Single line of bolts Design capacity of 410UB53.7 in block shea An = (45 - 0.5 x 22) x 7.6 = 258 mm? Ao = (35 + (41) x 70) x 7.6 = 1862 mm? Vy = 0.75 x [0.5 x 258 x 440 + 0.6 x 320 x 1862)/10° = 311 kN DESIGN CHECK NO. 7 Single web coped beam Design capacity 410UB53.7 in bending My = 97.2 kNm (Table 334 in Handbook 1) e, = (120+ 65-45) = 140 mm 97.210" Vy = 44g = 694 KN DESIGN CHECK NO. 8 Sq = 65mm ae = 45mm. 51 ~ Aes = 20 mm a, = 403 - 100~ 210 ~35 = 58mm 0.5, = 140 mm 2, + 0.5 d= 198 mm Hence beam rotation 0) < z= = 0.101 radians DESIGN CHECK NO. 9 Single web coped beam da = 65mm 305x403 = 201.5 mm COMPLIES d sam tge7Smm dln 53> «10° x. COMPLIES bg = 120 mm = 730210" +403 = 345 my ((a20)" 59.0 DESIGN CHECK NO. 10 610UB113 Vr = 180 KN $0.90 x 0.60 x 300 x 410x 11.210" = 744 kN <4 x 2.88 x 20 x 11.2 x 440/10° 1135 kN <4 x 0.9 x 58 x 11.2 « 440/10" 1029 kN COMPLIES DESIGN CAPACITY OF CONNECTION Veer = minimum of (247; 247; 314; 677; 337; 387; 311; 694] 247 KN > Vt = 180 kN & design guide 5 ms angle cleat connections, frst edition15 DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES 15.1 Configuration A—Double angle cleat single line of bolts to ‘supported member Component: 100 x 100 x 8 EA Grade 300 Bolts M20 8.8/S bolting category (threads included in the shear plane) Note * 100 used for ‘a’ dimension for all sections except 200UB, 200UC, 200PFC - Ta =100 not |] [er-4 rows Alia + “— Short horizontal sloted holes for web thickness oa | TI Soom os as Uncoped End view 20 65 He + + ‘35. a 7 tat | f+ nt a eal rows 4 -mt->4 = rows @7 170 @7 io I+] 135 Er wo tes L420 [| |_3 45 36 SS Single web cope Double web cope FIGURE 29 GEOMETRY CONFIGURATION A—DOUBLE ANGLE CLEAT SINGLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBER ]} design guide 5 Hm « ‘angle cleat connections, first editionTABLE 4 ANGLE CLEAT DESIGN CAPACITY TABLE—CONFIGURATION A DOUBLE ANGLE CLEAT SINGLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBER MEMBER > 500 MM DEEP ‘Supported gon member | member 1200W8 ° swe pwe 1000WB ° swe pwe ‘900WB ° swe Dwe soowe ° swe we. 700WB °. swe we. 61008125 ° swe pwe S10UBTTS ° swe _| owe ‘610UB104 ° swe pwe 530UB 92.4 ° swe we ‘530UB 82.0 ° swe we. NOTES: Design capacity in table derived from DESIGN CHECKS 1 to 6 only. DESIGN CHECKS 7 to 10 must be carried out in addition, N(= ng) Total number of bolts in m (= ng) rows ° Uncoped swe Single web coped pwe Double web coped Empty spaces to right of bold line—component depth is less than 50% beam depth, configuration not recommended. Emply spaces to left of bold line—component will not fit into supported member web with a = 100. Component : 100 x 100 x 8 EA Grade 300 Bolts + M20 8.8/S bolting category (threads included in the shear plane) Dimensions : Refer to Figure 29, a = 100 mm e éosign guide 5 os angle cleat connections, first editionTABLE 2 ANGLE CLEAT DESIGN CAPACITY TABLE—CONFIGURATION A DOUBLE ANGLE CLEAT SINGLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBER MEMBER > 350 MM BUT < 500 MM DEEP Design capacity (KN) eo eet nas. | ge ane - ate 410UB59.7 ° “410UB83.7 ° 380PFC ° ~ 360U856.7 ° '360UB60.7 ° 360UB44.7 NOTES: Design capacity in table derived from DESIGN CHECKS 1 to € only. DESIGN CHECKS 7 to 10 must be carried out in addition. (=m) Total number of bolts in n(= n,) rows. ° Uncoped swe Single web coped pwe Double web coped Empty spaces to right of bold line—component depth is less than 50% beam depth, configuration not recommended Empty spaces to left of bold line—component will not fit into supported member web with a = 100. Component : 100 x 100 x 8 EA Grade 300 Bolts M20 8.8/S bolting category (threads included in the shear plane) Dimensions : Refer to Figure 29, a = 100 mm } design guide 5 wo tangle cleat connections, frst edition 46TABLE 3 ANGLE CLEAT DESIGN CAPACITY TABLE—CONFIGURATION A DOUBLE ANGLE CLEAT SINGLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBER MEMBER > 250 MM BUT < 350 MM DEEP Supported | Coping on member | member aoe 310UB46.2 ° 251 swe 206 _ we 203 310UB40.4 ° 229 swe we. 31008320 ° swe 169 bwe 166. 300PFC ° 300 swe 246 Dwe 242 siouciss | 0, swe 324 310UC137, we __324 310UC118 ° 324 swe 324 bwe. 324 ‘310UC96.8 ° 324 swe Dwe. 250UB837.3. ‘250UB31.4 250UB25.7 | 0, SWC we ‘250PFC 0, swe we: 250ucee.s | 0, SWC we: 250Uc72.9 | 0, SWC Dwe. NOTES: Design capacity in table derived from DESIGN CHECKS 1 to 6 only. DESIGN CHECKS 7 to 10 must bo carried out in addition, (=m) Total number of bolts in n(= 19) rows ° Uncoped swe Single web coped pwe Double web coped Emply spaces to right of bold line—component depth Is less than 50% beam depth, configuration not recommended. Empty spaces to left of bold line—component will not fit into supported member web with a = 100. ‘Component : 100 x 100 x 8 EA Grade 300 Bolts : M20 8.8/S bolting category (threads included in the shear plane) Dimensions : Refer to Figure 29, a = 100 mm ry design guide § 4 angle cleat connections, frst editionTABLE 4 ANGLE CLEAT DESIGN CAPACITY TABLE—CONFIGURATION A DOUBLE ANGLE CLEAT SINGLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBER MEMBER 200 MM DEEP NOTE: a = 70 for these sections. ‘Supported | Coping on |—Desian capacity (KN) member member as2 N 2o0uB29.8 | 0, SWC 118 pwe ue zoous2s4 | 0, SWC 709 owe 109 200uB22.3 | 0, SWC 4 pwc 94 zoounie2 | 0. SWC oe owe a4 2a0PFC«| 0. SWE 12 owe 122 200PFC 0, SWE 112 owe 112 aoouesas | 0. SWC We owe 174 200UC52.2 0, SWC 150 pwe 150 Z00uc46.2 | 0. SWC 137 pwc 137 NOTES: Design capacity in table derived from DESIGN CHECKS 1 to 6 only. DESIGN CHECKS 7 to 10 must be carried out in addition. N(= 1m) Total number of bolts in n(= np) rows, ° Uncoped swe Single web coped owe Double web coped Component : 100 x 100 x 8 EA Grade 300 Bolts M20 8.8/S bolting category (threads included in the shear plane) Dimensions : Refer to Figure 29, a= 70 mm € design guide 5 o angle cleat connections, first edition15 DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES 15.2 Configuration B—Double angle cleat double line of bolts to supported member Component: 150 x 100 x 10 UA Grade 300 Bolts, M20 8.8/S bolting category (threads included in the shear plane) Note 1 * 100 used for ‘a’ dimension for all sections except 200UB, 200UC, 200PFC ss 25 @=100° 35 + fo FH 1 bot qt a rn bot kg q rows + tows @7 ia 70 @7 4] zo w \— short horizontal sloted holes t for web thickness 70 25| > 40mm 35 |= 65 Uncoped End view bet Fo rows 4 @70 70 ro —hs 5 % aol 8 Single we cope Doube web cope FIGURE 30 GEOMETRY CONFIGURATION B—DOUBLE ANGLE CLEAT DOUBLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBER rs design gue 8 wm « angle cleat connections, first editionTABLE 5 ANGLE CLEAT DESIGN CAPACITY TABLE—CONFIGURATION B DOUBLE ANGLE CLEAT DOUBLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBER MEMBER > 500 MM DEEP Design capacity (kN) n=6 Supported | Coping on member | member 1200WB ° swe pwe 1000WB ° swe we. ‘s00we ° swe we. 800wB ° swe we 7oows, ° swe bwe 610UB125 °. swe we 10UBI13 ° swe we. @10UB101 ° swe pwe 530UB92.4 °. swo pwe 530UB82.0 ° swe pwe NOTES: Design capacity in table derived from DESIGN CHECKS 1 to 6 only. DESIGN CHECKS 7 to 10 must be cartied out in addition, N(= 1m) Total number of bolts in n(= n) rows. ° Uncoped swe Single web coped owe Double web coped Empty spaces to right of bold line—component depth is less than 50% beam depth, configuration not recommended. Empty spaces to left of bold tine—component will not fit into supported member web with @ = 100 Component : 150 x 100 x 10 UA Grade 300 Bolts M20 8.8/S bolting category (threads included in the shear plane) Dimensions : Refer to Figure 30, a= 100 mm rs design guide 5 wm » angle cleat connections, frst editionTABLE 6 ANGLE CLEAT DESIGN CAPACITY TABLE—CONFIGURATION B DOUBLE ANGLE CLEAT DOUBLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBER MEMBER > 350 MM BUT < 500 MM DEEP Design capacity (kN) Supported member Coping on ‘member 460UB82.1 | ‘460U874.6 460UB67.1 410UB59.7 410UB53.7 380PFC 360UB56.7 360UB50.7 360UB44.7 NOTES: Design capacity in table derived from DESIGN CHECKS 1 to 6 only. DESIGN CHECKS 7 to 10 must be carried out in addition. (=m) Total number of bolts in n(= m9) rows. ° Uncoped swe Single web coped pwe Double web coped Empty spaces to right of bold line—component dopth is less than 50% beam depth, configuration not recommended Empty spaces to left of bold line—component will not fit into supported member web with a = 100. ‘Component : 150 x 100 x 10 UA Grade 300 Bolts M20 8.8/S bolting category (threads included in the shear plane) Dimensions : Refer to Figure 30, a = 100 mm design guido § st e a angle cleat connections, first editionTABLE 7 ANGLE CLEAT DESIGN CAPACITY TABLE—CONFIGURATION B DOUBLE ANGLE CLEAT DOUBLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBER MEMBER > 250 MM BUT < 350 MM DEEP ‘Supported | Coping on | Design capacity (KN) _ ‘member | member a ” N= 12 310UB46.2 oO 365 swe 239 we 203 310UB40.4 ° 320 swe 216 pwe 185 310UB32.0 ° 283 swe 192 _ bwe 166 300PFC oO 415 swe we 3100137, ° swe we ‘S1OUCTIS ° swe 310UC 96.8 250U8 37.3 ~~ 250UB 31.4 250UB 25.7 ‘250PFC 250UC89.5 250UC72.9 NOTES Design capacity in table derived from DESIGN CHECKS 1 to 6 only, DESIGN CHECKS 7 to 10 must be carried out in addition, (=m) Total number of bolts in n(= n) rows ° Uncoped ‘swe Single web coped pwe Double web coped Emply spaces to right of bold line—component depth is less than 0% beam depth, configuration not recommended, Empty spaces to left of bold line—component will not fit into supported member web with a = 100. Component : 150 x 100 x 10 UA Grade 300 Bolts M20 8.8/S bolting category (threads included in the shear plane) Dimensions : Refer to Figure 30, a = 100 mm . design guide 5 w angle cleat connections, first editTABLE 8 ANGLE CLEAT DESIGN CAPACITY TABLE—CONFIGURATION B DOUBLE ANGLE CLEAT DOUBLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBER MEMBER 200 MM DEEP NOTE: a = 70 for these sections. Supported | Coping on member | member 200UB 29.8 ° 228 swe 148 we 427 200UB 25.4 of 204 swe 196 pwe 47 200UB 22.3 ° 174 swe 418 owe 4101 200UB 18.2 ° 154 swe 106 pwo | 9 230PFC ° 251 swe 153 owe 131 200PFG ° 207 swe 141 we 124 ‘200UC 59.5 ° 283 swe ata we 198 200UC 62.2 ° 283 swe 189 pwe 161 200UG 46.2 ° 256 swe 172 owe 147 NOTES: Design capacity in table derived from DESIGN CHECKS 1 to 6 only. DESIGN CHECKS 7 to 10 must be carried out in addition. (=) Total number of bolts in n(= 1p) rows ° Uncoped swe Single web coped pwe Double web coped ‘Component : 150 x 100 x 10 UA Grade 300 Bolts : M20 8.8/S bolting category (threads included in the shear plane) Dimensions : Refer to Figure 30, a= 70 mm design guide 5 angle cleat connections, fist edition15 DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES 15.3 Configuration C—Single angle cleat single line of bolts to supported member Component: 100 x 100 x 8 EA Grade 300 Bolts : M20 8.8/S bolting category (threads included in the shear plane) Note : * 100 used for ‘a’ dimension for all sections except 200UB, 200UC, 200PFC es, 36 a= 100" 4 35. i Ra rn bot | “FR? 0 ott |} f+ owe + tows @70 z 70 @70 it 20 [35 | Ms as 20 | Uncoped End view 20 20 65,1] rr 70 nok oon | H+ ey rows rows 4 -He-4 - er em | fo ho = { i oo IL] i 20 Chas AEE 6 35 SS Single web cope Double wed cove FIGURE 31 GEOMETRY CONFIGURATION C—SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT SINGLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBER design guide 5 a e wo angle cleat connections, first editionTABLE 9 ANGLE CLEAT DESIGN CAPACITY TABLE—CONFIGURATION C SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT SINGLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBER MEMBER > 300 MM DEEP supported [coping oa Design capacity (kN) member | member n=7 | n=6 w=t4 | Nata szoows | Any sooows | Any 200we | Any aoowe Any rows | Any s10us any s30uB Any sous Any 410 Any aeoprc | Any 360UB Any 310uB Any 310uc Any _300PFC_| Any NOTES: Design capacity in table derived from DESIGN CHECKS 1 to 6 only. DESIGN CHECKS 7 to 10 must be carried out in addition Me Total number of bolts in n(= 13) rows Any Either uncoped, SWC, DWC ° Uncoped swe Single web coped pwe Double web coped Empty spaces to right of bold line—component depth is less than 50% beam depth, configuration not recommended Emply spaces to left of bold line—component will not fit into supported member web with a = 100. Component: 100 x 100 x 8 EA Grade 300 Bolts M20 8.8/S bolting category (threads included in the shear plane) Dimensions: Refer to Figure 31, a = 100 mm ¢€ desing 5 os angle cleat connections, first editionTABLE 10 ANGLE CLEAT DESIGN CAPACITY TABLE—CONFIGURATION C SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT SINGLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBER MEMBER < 300 MM DEEP member member ne2 a N=4 (mm) “2500837 3 Any 88 4 00 ~250uc72,.9 | Any | Design capacity in table derived from DESIGN CHECKS 1 to 6 only. DESIGN CHECKS 7 to 10 must be carried out in addition, (=m) Total number of bolts in m(= n,) rows Any Either uncoped, SWC, DWC. swe Single web coped pwe Double web coped Component: 100 x 100 x 8 EA Grade 300 Bolts M20 8.8/8 bolting category (threads included in the shear plane) Dimensions _ : Refer to Figure 31, a = as noted in Table e dosign gute 5 os angle cleat connections, frst exition15 DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES 15.4 Configuration D—Single angle cleat double line of bolts to supported member Design Capacity Note: This configuration has the same design capacity as configuration C and is hence uneconomic. Design capacity is controlled by bolt capacity to supporting member, so additional bolts in supported member do not increase design capacity. Component: 150 x 100 x 10 UA Grade 300 Bolts: M20 8.8/5 bong category (threads included in the shear plane) Note : * 100 used for ‘a’ dimension for all sections except 200UB, 200UC, 200PFC a= 100" FAA rbot mat || He rows rows 4) |}. @70 @70 + 35} uncoped Era iow +4 I 5 ae not | fi? 9] rons | Ho on | H+ ro + 3 H_25 2 » 5 Sino wob ope Double web cope FIGURE 32 GEOMETRY CONFIGURATION D—SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT DOUBLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBERAPPENDIX A—Limcon software A1 Introduction A1.A General This Appendix contans the output from the Limcon computer program for the design examples, detailed calculations for which are included in this Design Guide. Limcon undertakes all DESIGN CHECKS set out in the ASI design model and lists the capacity and capacity ratio for each limit state. A detail diagram is included at the beginning of the Limcon output. A virtual reality image of the connection can be displayed on the computer screen to facilitate checking NOTE: To express the result of each limit state check Limon uses the capacity ratio. This ie the ratio of the design capacity to the design action effect and the minimum capacity ratio for all limit states must not be less than 1.0. ‘1.2 DESIGN CHECKS No. 2 and 3—Bolts In addition to using the special formulae derived in Handbook 1 for each particular type of bolt group, Limcon applies @ generalised procedure independently for the cleat and the connected part. This procedure checks bearing and tearing explicitly for each bolt with the result displayed only for the critical bolt, which is identified by row and column number. 1.3 DESIGN CHECK No. 7—Coped beam bending Limcon reports the estimated maximum permissible cope length. This is the length of cope at which the coped beam bending check becomes critical, other limit states not being considered. 1.4 DESIGN CHECK No. 8—Beam rotation If a non-zero span has been entered, Limcon computes the beam end rotation and the end rotation at contact, assuming that the design shear is due to a uniformly distributed load. The contact rotation capacity is the shear corresponding to the end rotation at contact, 1.5 DESIGN CHECK No. 9—Coped beam buckling Although not required in the ASI design model, a check on the local buckling capacity of coped beams is reported in the Limcon output. The estimated maximum permissible cope length based on the coped section buckling check is reported. design guide § 38 e o angle cleat connections, frst editionAPPENDIX A. Limcon ‘Autraian Soa intitute A2__Limcon output—Design example No. 1—Connection capacity with single-sided double AC ‘connection to supporting column v3 ehagtr oases Pm ‘foo: act ~ Cannecton ACL. Ex Design Gude? ‘gle Cleat Carnecion (CONNECTION: AGLT_£x.1- Angle Cleat Double angies: 100X TOOXBEA x 260 Gr. 300 Botts: 124420 88/5 Attached 19 bolts -4 in 1 co ‘Suppor leg bolts - 4 each in 1 col (85 back gauge) 46 ¢ 100 d fs nl (i Ht 300 2.3, icon Gags 2 emt Bolt group ext. tearing (right) Gal Holo > ae Bolt bearing . . - ee. Gy 92-6 2 vere = 112.3 Ek gerne di day CCH EDR ‘meen Va) ro dasign guide 5 angle cleat connections, first edition¢ Lin v3 pa imcon Mace otto Aes se tna Se eon agua? Sn Tren aan design guide 6 ‘angle cleat connections, frst edition etAPPENDIX A A3 Limcon output—Design example No. 2—Connection capacity with single-sided single AC connection to supporting beam Limcon V3 salett os amt ae Senda? SE econ CONNECTION: ACLT Fa Angle lest Sho eng OX SKEEA x 250900 fons: 4208/8 Beecher int cl Soper lg toto och eo 65 back gous “s 100 , f fos ™ i Gr300 bor atten

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