MODULE : PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS Basic Principles of Counting

CE COMPREHENSIVE COURSE 1
Cebu Institute of Technology – University 7. Mariche is wearing her lucky shirt today, and she
has to choose among 3 red skirts and 4 blue
Descriptive Statistics skirts to wear with the shirt. How many different
Involves summarizing and organizing data so that it can outfit choices of one skirt does she have for the
be easily understood. This branch of statistics focuses day?
on describing the main features of a dataset 8. There are 6 routes to travel from A to B and 5
quantitatively routes to travel from B to C.
Inferential Statistics (a) In how many ways can a person
Goes beyond merely describing the data; it involves travel from A to C and back to A,
making predictions or inferences about a population (b) In how many ways can a person
based on a sample of data drawn from that population. travel from A to C and back to A without using
This branch uses probability theory to draw conclusions the same route twice.
and make decisions
Permutation
Measures of Position An arrangement of objects in definite order.
Quartile Median
Percentile Decile Linear Permutation (Distinct Objects)
9. In how many ways can 12 children be seated in
Measures of Central Tendency
a bus
Mean - mean (or average) is calculated by summing all
a. In a row of 6 seats
the data values and then dividing by the number of
b. In a row of 12 seats
values.
10. In how many ways can 8 Filipinos, 3 Indians and
Median - the middle value of a dataset when the values
4 Chinese in a line
are arranged in ascending or descending order
a. With no restriction
Mode - the value that appears most frequently in a
b. With nationalities adjacent to each other.
dataset

Measure of Dispersion/Variance Linear Permutation (Identical Objects)

11. In how many ways we can arrange 3 red
buttons, 2 white button, 1 black button and 1
Green Button in a row. Assuming buttons of the
same color are identical.
12. In how many ways can we arrange the letters of
the word Exacerbate
13. A coin is tossed 6 times in how many ways we
can have 2 Heads and 4 Tail.

Circular Permutation
14. In how many ways we can arrange 6 people in
a circular table with 6 seats if
a.) Anyone can seat with each other
b) two particular persons must be seated next to
each other
c) two particular persons must NOT be seated
next to each other.
d) There are only 4 available seats
Situation 1 Combination
The following table shows the number of passing An arrangement of objects where order doesn’t
students per section in 15 sections under CC1 matter.
Section Number of Section Number of
Passers Passers 15. The cheerleading team contains 10 boys and 5
M01 35 M07 18 girls. The school needs to send representatives
M02 42 M08 33 but can only form a team consisting of 5
M03 21 M09 45 members. In how many ways can the school
M04 45 M10 24 choose the members of the team if
M05 39 M11 43 a. Anyone can be chosen
M06 44 M12 25 b. There should be exactly 3 boys in the team
c. Leiah and Rochel should be together or else
will not join the team.
1. Determine the Mean,Median and Mode 16. Aldrin has only 8 friends. If he invites them for
2. Determine the Range lunch, how many ways can he invite one or
3. Determine the First and Third Percentile more to eat?
4. Determine the 90th Percentile
5. Determine the Sample Standard Deviation
6. Determine the Interquartile Range
Basic Principles of Probability

17. A card is drawn at random from a deck of 52

playing cards. Determine the probability that the
card is
a. 3 of spades or 8 of hearts
b. A spade or an ace
18. A bag contains 3 white balls and 5 red balls. Two
balls are drawn in succession without
replacement. What is the probability that the
balls are the same color?

Conditional Probability
19. In the BINIverse concert. 30% of the boys are a
fan Mikha, 40% are a fan of Aiah and 10% are a
fan of both members. A boy is selected at
random
a. If the boy is a Mikha fan, what is the
probability that he is also an Aiah fan.
b. If the boy is a Aiah fan, what is the
probability that he is not a Mikha fan.
20. We are given three urns as follows
Urn A contains 3 red and 5 white marbles
Urn B contains 2 red and 1 white marbles
Urn C contains 2 red and 3 white marbles
a. Determine the probability that you select a
red marble
b. If the marble is red, what is the probability
that it came from urn A
21. Box A contains 8 items in which 3 are defective,
and box B contains 5 items of which 2 are
defective. An item is drawn at random from each
box.
(a) What is the probability that both items are
non-defective?
(b) What is the probability that one item is
defective and one not?
(c) What is the probability that at least one is
defective

BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
22. 70% of people who purchased sports car are
men. If 10 sports car owners are randomly
selected.
a.) Find the probability that at least 7 are men
b.) Find the probability that exactly 7 are men
23. A coin is tossed 10 times. What is the probability
getting exactly 6 heads.
NEGATIVE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
24. Miguel plays basket. His success rate of a three-
point shot is 70%. What is the probability that
Miguel hit his third three point shot on his fifth
attempt?
GEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION
25. You play a game of chance that you either win or
lose (there are no other possibilities) until you
lose. Your probability of losing is 0.57. What is
the probability that it takes five games until you
lose?
MULTINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
26. Supposed a card is drawn randomly from an
ordinary deck of playing cards, and then put
back in the deck. This exercise is repeated five
times. What is the probability of drawing 1
spade,1 heart, 1 diamond and 2 clubs?
HYPERGEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION
27. A deck of cards contains 20 cards: 6 red cards
and 14 black cards. 5 cards are drawn
randomly without replacement. What is the
probability that exactly 4 red cards are drawn?