7/8

TLE - ICT (TECHNICAL DRAFTING)

Activity Sheet – Quarter 0 – MELC 1
Prepare Hand Tools and Equipment in Technical
Drafting

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

TLE 7/8 – ICT (Technical Drafting)

Activity Sheet No. 1
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

Visayas.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of TLE 7/8 – ICT (Technical Drafting) Activity Sheets

Writer: ANITA A. DUPAL-AG

Editors: ARNOLD P. MAHINAY, EPS-EPP/TLE

Layout Artist: JESSIE P. BATOSIN

Schools Division Quality Assurance Team:

ARNOLD P. MAHINAY
JESSIE P. BATOSIN

Division of San Carlos City Management Team:

ANTHONY H. LIOBET, CESO VI
JULITO L. FELICANO
ANTONIO G. UY
JESSIE P. BATOSIN
ARNOLD P. MAHINAY
MICHAEL S. DALIPE
Regional Management Team
MA. GEMMA M. LEDESMA
JOSILYN S. SOLANA
ELENA P. GONZAGA
DONALD T. GENINE
APRIL C. VELEZ
ABRAHAM P. IMAS

Introductory Message
 Welcome to TLE 7/8 – ICT (Technical Drafting)!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of San Carlos City and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western
Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is
developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible
adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education
Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For learning facilitator:

The TLE 7/8 - ICT (Technical Drafting) Activity Sheet will help you facilitate
the leaching-learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning
Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and
learner. This will be made available to the learners with the references/links to ease
the independent learning.

For the learner:

The TLE 7/8 - ICT (Technical Drafting) Activity Sheet is developed to help you
continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides you
with meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active
learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the activities and
answer the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed
schedule.

Quarter 0 – Week 1
 Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 1

Name of Learner:

Grade and Section: Date:

TLE 7/8 – ICT (TECHNICAL DRAFTING) LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Prepare Hand Tools and Equipment in Technical Drafting

I. Learning Competency
LO 1. Prepare hand tools and equipment in technical drafting
(TLE_ICTTD 7/8UT-0a-1)
1.1 List hand tools and equipment based on job requirement.
1.2 Identify appropriate hand tools and equipment.
1.3 Classify hand tools and equipment according to function and task
requirement.

II. Background Information for Learners

As aspiring technical drafter someday, it is important for you to learn about the
hand tools, materials and how it is use in technical drafting. The following are the
basic materials and measuring tools:

1. Drawing paper –it has various types available but oslo paper is commonly
used and bond paper is also recommended.

2. Masking tape –used for fastening the drawing paper on the drawing table
so it will not damage the paper if it is removed by pulling it off.

3. Pencil sharpener – pencils should be sharpened whenever they show sign

of dullness.

4. Eraser - used to clean the dirt of the drawing. A soft eraser is

advantageous in removing smudges and pencil marks, whereas, a harder
eraser is useful for making changes and correcting errors in the drawing.

5. Drawing pencil - the most important tools in drawing which consist of

various grades and it used depending on the quality of paper.

Types of Drawing Pencil

a) Hard pencils – are used where extreme accuracy is required
especially working on graphs, diagrams and charts.
b) Medium pencils – are used for general purpose work in drawing.
 c) Soft pencils – are too soft to be used in mechanical drafting. They
are very useful for artwork of various kinds.

6. T-Square –is used when making horizontal lines and for guiding triangles
when drawing vertical lines.

Types of T-Square
a) Fixed head – the head is fastened to the blade and is used for
ordinary work.
b) Movable Head or Adjustable Head. It has one fixed and one
adjustable head and used only for occasional drawing.
c) Detachable Head or Removable Head. designed for comfort when
carrying the T-square.

7. Protractor - It is used to determine gradations of the degrees when

measuring arcs, angles and circles. Also used to reproduce the
measurement of an object to any size.

8. Triangle - It is a three-sided ruler, which typically has two equal sides

meeting at a 90-degree angle and to a third side at 45, 30, including 60
degree angles. 1
9. Compass - used when drawing arcs and circles. It is used in a similar way
to a divider.

10. Ruler - drafting tool used to measure distances or draw straight lines and
when drawing vertical lines.

11. Divider - This is a drawing instrument used when transferring

measurements, dividing lines and arcs into the desired number of equal
parts.

Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 2

Name of Learner:

Grade and Section: Date:

TLE 7/8 – ICT (TECHNICAL DRAFTING) LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Maintain Hand Tools, Drawing Instruments, Equipment, and Paraphernalia

I. Learning Competency
LO 1. Maintain hand tools, drawing instruments, equipment, and
Paraphernalia (TLE_ICTTD 7/8MT-0b-1)
1.1 Perform safety procedures in maintaining hand tools, drawing
instruments, equipment, and paraphernalia.
1.2 Follow procedures in cleaning, tightening and simple repair of hand
 tools, drawing instruments, equipment, and paraphernalia.
1.3 Identify common malfunction (unplanned or unusual events) when
using tools, drawing instruments, equipment, and paraphernalia.

II. Background Information for Learners

Performing Safety Procedures in Maintaining Hand Tools and other
drawing instruments
The following are some essential tips to take proper care of the drafting tools,
materials, and equipment.

1. Before starting any drawing, be sure to keep the hands clean and free from
dirt.
2. Maintain the cleanliness of the working area, especially the drawing table as
well as your hand tools.
3. Avoid dropping your tools and equipment.
4. Wipe off the surface and edges of triangles and T-squares before and after
using them.
5. Sharpen and store your pencils properly after use.
6. Find or create an organizer where you can hang your measuring tools.
7. Have a separate container for making tools.
8. Keep your drawing sheets in a plastic tube to protect them from dust and dirt.
9. Never lend or borrow drafting tools and materials if possible.
10. Pencils should be sharpened whenever they show sign of dullness.
11. Never use the edge of T-square and triangles to cut paper along its working
edges. A slight nick at the edge will ruin the T-square.
12. After using the tools, instruments and equipment, clean them first before
keeping in a safe place.
13. Tools can be kept in anything that keeps them organized and safe during
transport.
14. Drawings are best stored in flat files, lateral files, round tubes, or portfolios.
Procedures in cleaning, tightening and simple repair of hand tools, drawing
instruments, equipment and paraphernalia

In doing simple repair of tools, make sure that you are knowledgeable in doing
so. Repairing tools without sufficient skills may result to further damage or inflict
injuries to the fixer. Small repairs like tightening, sharpening and changing of handles
may not require special skills to do. If a tool or equipment is beyond repair, it must be
disposed properly.

Before cleaning any tool, be sure to wear the proper personal protective
equipment. Personal protective equipment, commonly referred to as "PPE", is an
equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious workplace
injuries and illnesses. Gloves, masks and goggles are usually worn when cleaning
tools since most cleaning agents and solutions are harmful to the human body.

Cleaning Procedures:
 1. Before cleaning any tool, be sure to wear the proper Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) ex. gloves, mask, and goggles are usually worn when
cleaning tools since most cleaning agent and solutions are harmful to the
human body.
2. Only use cleaning agents as prescribed by the tool or equipment’s
manufacturer.
3. Cleaning the tools after use is highly recommended.
4. After using a tool, clean it thoroughly with a damp cloth. Wipe it dry with
another piece of cloth before keeping it.
5. When not in use, the T-square is preferably hung by inserting the hole to a
nail (attached to a wall) at the end of its blade.

Tightening Procedures:
1. Lubricants must be applied after tightening to avoid rusting.
2. Only use the prescribed tool when tightening and loosing.
3. After cleaning, use an all-purpose oil to lubricate tools with adjustable part.

Simple Repair Procedures:

1. Work area must always be kept neat and tidy.
2. Put oil on the movable parts of the measuring tools such as zigzag ruler,
calipers, dividers, and compasses to avoid stock-up.
3. Avoid unnecessary sliding of T-square or triangles to protect the drawing. Pick
up the triangle by its tip and tilt the T-square blade upward slightly before
moving.
4. If your tools already show signs of rust, spray the tools with oil and then scrub
them with steel wool or a stiff wire brush.
5. Afterwards, wash them with warm, soapy water and scrub them again with a
cloth or rag until all signs of rust are gone.
6. All tools and equipment must be placed in a clean and dry place.

Common Malfunction in Hand tools, Equipment and Paraphernalia

Malfunctions and other unplanned and unusual event may not be totally
eliminated, but they can surely be minimized. Listed below are some of malfunctions
and unplanned events when using the different tools in completing job requirements.

1. When the screwdriver is not properly aligned with the drive of the screw’s
head. This happens when using a driving tool, screws may slip the tip of the
screwdriver. This can be minimized by making sure that the tip of the screwdriver is
well secured in the drive of the screw’s head. Using a screwdriver with a magnetized
tip can also help minimize this type of malfunction.

2. The jaws of the pliers are blunt, thus making it hard to hold on things. This
usually happens when small objects tend to fall down when being held by a gripping
tool like pliers. This can be prevented by making sure that gripping tools have well
maintained jaws that can grasp objects properly.
3. The heads of striking tools separating away from the handle. The use of
striking tools also imposes a great threat if there will be a malfunction. Common
hazards can cause severe injuries to anyone. To avoid
this type of accident, the handle of a striking tool must be tightly attached to its head.

4. A cutting tool is not sharp enough. Mishaps in using cutting tools are also
dangerous. They may arise from slippage of the material to be cut. These unplanned
events will cause laceration and wounds to the user. To avoid this, cutting tools must
always be kept sharp.

Common Faults in Using Hand Tools

 Do not increase the handle length of pliers to gain more leverage. Use a
larger pair of pliers or bolt cutters if necessary.
 Do not substitute pliers for a wrench when turning bolts and nuts. Pliers
cannot grip these items properly and might cause a slip and create an
accident.
 Never use pliers as a hammer on the handle. Such abuse is likely to result in
cracks or breaks.
 Cut hardened wires only with pliers designed for that purpose.
 Always cut the wires in right angle. Never rock from side to side or bend wire
back and forth against the cutting edges.
 Never use screwdrivers as a pry bar, chisel, and punch stirrer or scraper.
 Never use screwdrivers with broken or worn-out handles. Screwdriver of
these kinds should have tags to indicate that it is defective.
 Never use pliers on a screwdriver for extra leverage. Only use wrench or
screwdrivers specifically designed for purpose.
 Do not use dull blades because they require more force, thus are more likely
to slip. Replace the blade when it starts to “tear” instead of cut.
 Never leave a knife unattended with the blade exposed.
 Don’t bend or apply side loads to blades by using them to open cans or
loosen tight cover of containers. Blades are brittle and can snap easily.
 Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 5

Name of Learner:

Grade and Section: Date:

TLE 7/8 – ICT (TECHNICAL DRAFTING) LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Select Measuring Instruments

I. Learning Competency
LO 1. Select measuring instruments. (TLE_ICTTD 7/8MC-0f-1)
1.1 Identify measuring tools based on the object to be measured or job
requirements
1.2 Select appropriate measuring instruments according to job requirements
1.3 Interpret an object or component to be measured according to the appropriate
regular geometric shapes
1.4 Use alternative measuring tools without sacrificing cost and quality of work

II. Background Information for Learners

An astonishing array of devices and tools allow humans to measure just about
everything, including calculating travel distances, determining a board’s length in
construction, ascertaining air and water temperatures, analyzing wind speed and measuring
the distance around the globe. From height and depth, to width and breadth, there’s a
measurement tool for most everything.

Measurements are so often taken for granted we sometimes do not appreciate the
grand importance measurements play in our lives. On a baseline level, measurements fall
into the categories of weight, area, volume, length and even temperature. Measurements
provide structure and remove the chaos that would result without any congruent method of
understanding weight, mass, temperature, etc.

Different Measuring Tools

1. Compass- is a technical drawing instrument that can be used for

inscribing circles or arcs.

2. Divider- an instrument for measuring or marking (as in dividing lines)

3. Protractor-a drafting instrument used to draw or measure angles

4. Ruler-It is used for drawing lines and connecting points.

5. Tape measure- is a flexible ruler used to measure size or

distance. It's design allows for a measure of great length to be easily
carried in pocket or toolkit and permits one to measure around
curves or corners.

6. Tape or tape ruler- This convenient and simple measuring tool will
help you measure the length of many things that are 12′ to 35′ in length
for general purposes without putting in a lot of effort. Generally, they
are made of metal or nylon rules with a handy switch that will lock the
tape into place.

7. Triangles- is a drafting tool used to draw accurate parallel lines, vertical

lines, and other angled lines. When you use a triangle to draw horizontal
or vertical lines, you need to use two triangles together in tandem. By
combining the two, you can draw lines at 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° angles.

8. Triangular scale- is a dimension that represents the structure shown

in a plan. Scales help a drafter keep the proportion accurate.

9. T-square- is a tool used in technical drawing, primarily as a guide for

drawing straight horizontal lines on a drafting table. It can also be used
in conjunction with a set square to draw vertical and angled lines. Its
name is derived from its resemblance to the letter ‘T’.

10. Yard stick/ meter stick-a rule one meter long (usually marked off
in centimeters and millimeters). It used to measure objects that are
larger than a piece of paper.
 Geometric shapes

Geometric Shapes can be defined as figure or area closed by a boundary which is

created by combining the specific amount of curves, points, and lines.

The following are the common Geometric Shapes

1. Square- is a four-sided figure which is created by connecting 4 line segments. The line
segments in the square are all of the equal lengths and they come together to form 4 right
angles.

2. Circle- It has no straight lines. It is rather a combination of curves that are all connected.
In a circle, there are no angles to be found.

3. Rectangle- is also created by connecting four line segments. However, the only
difference between a square and a rectangle is that in a rectangle, there are two line
segments which are longer than the other two line segments.

4. Triangle-comprises three connected line segments. Unlike, a rectangle or a square, in a

triangle, the angles can be of distinct measurements. They aren’t always the right angles.
Triangles are named, depending upon the type of angles which is found within the triangle
itself.

5. Rhombus- is a shape formed by four straight lines. Its sides measure the same length but
unlike the rectangle, any of all angles measure 90 degrees.

Two systems of measurement

1. English system which originated in England
2. Metric system or Systems International (S.I) which originated in France.

The basic unit in the S.I. measurement is called the meter. The meter is divided into
100 centimeters. Each centimeter is divided into 10 millimeters. They are abbreviated as
follows: Millimeters mm Centimeters cm Decimeters dm Meters m In the English system, the
inch is divided into 16 graduation lines and the smallest graduation is read 1/16

To read measurement exceeding 1 inch, say 2 inches (2”) and for smaller graduations, it is
read and written as: 2 4 16 or 2 1 4 in. 1 Foot + 2 inches + 3 smaller graduations, it is read
and written as: 14 3 16 in. In the S.I measurement, the meter is divided into 10 millimeters.
as shown below:
UNIT OF CONVERSION
System International (SI) to English
1 meter = 39.37 inches
= 3.28083 feet
= 1.094 yards
0. 3048 meter = 1 Foot
1 centimeter = 0.3937 inch
2.54 Centimeters = 1 inch
1 millimeter = 0.03937 inch
25.4 millimeter = 1 inch
1 Kilometer = 1093.61 yards

COVERSION FROM INCH TO METER

Example: 1. To convert meter to foot, divide the length by .30 say 6.0m ÷ .30 = 20ft 2. To
convert foot to meter, multiply by .30 say 30ft x .30 =9.0 meters 3. To convert inch to meter,
follow the additional conversion table above:

Conversion of decimals to fractions

A decimal is changed to a fraction by using 10 or any power of 10 as denominator of
the given decimal. Change to lowest term when possible.
 Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 9

Name of Learner:

Grade and Section: Date:

TLE 7/8 – ICT (Technical Drafting) LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Identify Hazards and Risk

I. Learning Competency with Code

LO 1. Identify hazards and risk (TLE_ICTTD7/8OS-0j-1)
1.1 Follow OHS policies and procedures in identifying hazards and
risks
1.2 Explain hazards and risks in the workplace
1.3 Identify hazards and risks indicators as prescribed by the
manufacturer
1.4 Apply contingency measures in accordance with the OHS
procedures

II. Background Information for Learners

This topic covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to

comply with the regulatory and organizational requirements for occupational health
and safety such as identifying hazards and risk.

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

Occupational Safety and Health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with
protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment.
As a secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers, family members, employers,
customers, suppliers nearby communities, and other members of the public who are
affected by the workplace environment.

Occupational Health should aim to:

1. promote and maintain the highest degree of physical, mental and
social well-being of workers in all occupations;
2. place and maintain the worker in an environment suitable to his physiological and
psychological capabilities;
3. protect workers from risk resulting from factors adverse to health; and
4. prevent workers from resignation due to health caused by poor working
conditions.

The reasons for establishing good occupational safety and health standards are
frequently identified as:
✓ Moral – an employee should not have to risk injury at work, nor should others
associate with the work environment.
✓ Economic – many governments realize that poor occupation and health per result
in cost to the State (e.g. through social security payments to the incapacitated, costs
for medical treatment, and the loss of the “employability” of the worker). Economic
studies human welfare in terms of the production, distribution, and consumption of
goods and services.
✓ Legal – Occupational safety and health requirements may be reinforced in civil law
and/or criminal law.
Safety Standards are standards designed to ensure the safety of products, activities
or processes and others.

4. Observe and practice the value of respect.

5. Return the borrowed tools and equipment on time.
6. Observe and practice proper disposal of waste.

What is a hazard?
There are many definitions for hazard but the most common definition when talking
about workplace health and safety is “A hazard is any source of potential damage,
harm or adverse health effects on something or someone.”

Standard "Occupational health and safety - Hazard identification and elimination and
risk assessment and control" uses the following terms:

• Harm – physical injury or damage to health.

• Hazard – a potential source of harm to a worker.

Basically, a hazard is the potential for harm or an adverse effect (for example, to
people as health effects, to organizations as property or equipment losses, or to the
environment).

What is Hazards in the Workplace?

• There are many things that affect the health of a person, such as his
environment, his lifestyle, etc. Work is an important determinant of health. It
can influence health in a positive or in a negative way.
• A place that is safe, healthy and work-conducive entails more productivity. In
fact, with a healthy workplace you will be doing more work with less effort.
• Hazard is a term used to describe something that has the potential to cause
harm.
• Risk on the other hand, is a measure of the possibility of a specific harmful
effect in given circumstances. It is very important to know the difference
between a hazard and a risk.

Types of workplace hazards include:

• Safety hazards - Inadequate and insufficient machine guards, unsafe workplace

conditions, and unsafe work practices.

• Biological hazards - caused by organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and

parasites.

• Chemical hazards – caused by Solid, liquid, vapor or gaseous chemicals, dust,

fume or mist.
• Ergonomic hazards - Anatomical, physiological, and psychological demands on
the worker, such as repetitive and forceful movements, vibration, extreme
temperatures, and awkward postures arising from improper work methods and
improperly designed workstations, tools, and equipment.

• Physical hazards – caused by Noise, vibration, energy, weather, electricity,

radiation and pressure.

• Psychological hazards - Those that are basically causing stress to a worker. This
kind of hazard troubles an individual very much to an extent that his general well-
being is affected.
ACCIDENT PREVENTION SIGNS AND SYMBOLS

Safety hazards Biological hazards Ergonomic hazards

Chemical hazards Physical hazards Psychological hazards

Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 10

Name of Learner:

Grade and Section: Date:

TLE 7/8 – ICT (TECHNICAL DRAFTING) LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Evaluate and Control Hazards and Risks

III. Learning Competency with Code

LO 2. Evaluate and control hazards and risks (TLE_ICTIL7/8OS-0i-2)
2.1 Determine the effects of hazards in the workplace
2.2 Identify the methods in controlling hazards and risks
2.3 Follow OHS procedures for controlling hazards and risks
IV. Background Information for Learners

This topic covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to

comply with the regulatory and organizational requirements for occupational health
and safety such as evaluating and controlling hazards and risks in a workplace.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

ACCIDENT PREVENTION SIGNS AND SYMBOLS

General
Signs and symbols required shall be visible at all times when work is being performed, and
shall be removed or covered promptly when the hazard no longer exists.

Danger Signs
Danger signs shall be used only where an immediate hazard exists. It should be read as the
predominating color for the upper panel; outline on the borders; and a white lower panel for
additional sign wording.

Caution Signs
Caution signs shall be used only to warn against or caution against practices. Caution sign
shall have yellow as the predominating color; black upper panel and borders; yellow lettering
of “caution” on the black panel; and the lower yellow panel for the additional sign wording.
Black lettering shall be used for additional wording.

Standard color of the background shall be yellow; and the panel, black with yellow letters.
Any letter used against the yellow background shall be black. The colors shall be those of
opaque glossy samples.

Exit Signs
Exit signs, when required, shall be lettered in legible red letters, not less than 6 inches high,
on a white field and the principal stroke of the letters shall be at least three-fourths in width.

Safety Instructions Signs

Safety instruction signs, when used, shall be with green upper panel with while
letters to convey the principal message. Any additional wording on the sign shall be
black letters on the white background.

Directional Signs
Directional signs, other than automotive traffic signs specified shall be white with a
black panel and white directional symbol. Any wording on the sign shall be black
letters on the white background

Traffic Signs
Construction areas shall be posted with legible traffic signs at point hazard.
All traffic control signs or devices used for protection of construction workers shall
conform to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards.

YELLOW
Controlling OHS hazards and risks
Controlling OHS hazards and risks Workplaces can be dangerous; there are many
hazards that have the potential to kill, injure or cause ill health or disease. Protecting
the health and safety of people in the workplace is a community expectation that
makes good business sense. Workplace incidents can have a dramatic impact on
people’s lives (people in the workplace, families and friends), and they can have
significant financial impacts on organizations through loss of skilled staff and lost
production of goods or services.

Key concepts
There are four important concepts that need to be understood so that this guide
makes sense:
1. A hazard is something currently in, or may in future be in, the work
environment that has the potential to cause harm to people.
2. A risk is the chance (or likelihood) that a hazard will cause harm to
people.
3. Harm is death, injury, illness (including psychological illness) or disease
that may be suffered by a person from a hazard or risk.
4. A control is a thing, work process or system of work that eliminates an OHS
hazard or risk or, if this is not reasonably practicable, reduces the risk so far as
reasonably practicable.

Steps in controlling OHS hazards and risks

Step 1 – Identify hazards
Identifying hazards involves finding all of the foreseeable hazards in the workplace
and understanding the possible harm that the hazards may cause.

Step 2 – Assess risks

Risk assessment is a process for developing knowledge and understanding about
hazards and risks so that sound decisions can be taken about control. A formal risk
assessment is unnecessary if the knowledge and understanding already exist.
However, there will be many times when a risk assessment is the best way of
building knowledge and understanding. Risk assessment assists in determining:
• what levels of harm can occur
• how harm can occur
• the likelihood that harm will occur.
A risk assessment will provide knowledge to make informed decisions about
controlling hazards and risks. The risk assessment needs to be tailored to the
situation and to the organization in which it is conducted; it can be as simple as
structured discussion during consultation or it can be more elaborate and formal.

Step 3 – Control hazards and risks

Duty-holders are required to ensure health and safety by controlling risks. Risks
must be controlled by eliminating them so far as reasonably practicable or, if this is
not possible, reducing the risks that remain so far as reasonably practicable.

Arriving at appropriate controls involves:

• Identifying the options for controls. A control option may be a single
control or it may be made up of a number of different controls that
together provide protection against a risk.
• Considering the control options and selecting a suitable option that most
effectively eliminates or reduces risk in the circumstances.
• Implementing the selected option. Note: mandatory controls specified in
the OHS regulations must be implemented regardless of the results of the
method in this guide.

Step 4 – Check controls

Controls that are put in place to protect the health and safety of people need to be
monitored to ensure that they work as planned. This requires checking them and
ensuring that processes are put in place to identify and quickly fix problems.
Checking controls Checking controls involves the same methods as in the initial
hazard identification step (step 1), and creates the loop in which workplace health
and safety measures are maintained. Common methods used to check the
effectiveness of controls are:
• inspecting the workplace
• consulting employees
• testing and measuring
• using available information
• analyzing records and data.

Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 11

Name of Learner:

Grade and Section: Date:

TLE 7/8 – ICT (TECHNICAL DRAFTING) LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Maintain Occupational Health and Safety

V. Learning Competency with Code

LO 3. Maintain Occupational Health and Safety (TLE_ICTIL7/8OS-0j-3)
3.1 Observe established procedures in responding to emergency-related drill
3.2 Fill-up OHS personal records in accordance with SOP

VI. Background Information for Learners

This topic covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to

comply with the regulatory and organizational requirements for occupational health
and safety such as maintaining occupational health and safety.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Here are the types of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use for safety purposes:

1. Goggles or face protection - must be used when at risk from

flying particles, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids and
chemical gases. There are various goggles for face protection with
certain design criteria for safety.

2. Safety shoes - with impact protection are used in work areas where
heavy objects or tools could be accidentally dropped on the feet. Safety
shoes with puncture protection are required when working around nails,
wire tacks, scrap metals and other objects that could fierce the feet.

3. Hand Protection Gloves - are required to protect your hands from

cuts, scrapes, punctures, burns, chemical absorption, and exhaust
temperatures. It is crucial that the type of glove being used is the right
one for the job.

4. Hearing Protection - Appropriate earmuffs or ear plugs must be

made available as a last resort if it is not possible to make the
workplace less noisy. The requirement is a small part of the occupational noise
exposure standard which requires employers to ensure that workers are exposed to
less than 90 decibels of noise over an 8-hour period
5. Over-all or Cover-all- The main purpose of wearing this kind of
clothing is to protect our limbs and body from metal dusts, flaming
combustion, flying chips, minute particles and stray metallic objects from
abrasive wheels, drills and cutting tools.

6. Protective Headgear- A safety helmet or wide- brimmed hat for head

protection. This can be used by a draftsman during the actual visitation of
the project.

7. Respirators - Appropriate respirators must be worn as a last resort if it

is not possible

8. Fire extinguisher- A portable device containing chemicals that can be

sprayed on a fire to put it out.

9. Apron-a protective or decorative garment worn over the front of one's

clothes and tied at the back.

What is waste management?

It is the collection, transport, processing, recycling, or disposal of waste
materials. Waste Management program helps manage hazardous chemical,
radioactive, medical and other wastes safely and legally.

Types of Waste
Waste includes all items that people no longer have any use for, which they
either intend to get rid of or have already discarded. Many items can be considered
as waste like household rubbish, sewage sludge, wastes from manufacturing
activities, packaging items, discarded cars, old televisions, garden waste, old paint
containers and others. Thus, all our daily activities can give rise to a large variety of
different wastes arising from different sources.

Solid wastes
Solid waste is defined as any waste that is dry in form and is discarded as
unwanted. Solid waste from general housekeeping is described as residential waste,
refuse, household waste or domestic waste. Examples are plastics, styrofoam
containers, bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trashes.

Liquid Wastes
Liquid waste includes human waste, runoff (storm water or flood water),
sullage, industrial wastewater and other forms of wastewater from different sources.
Examples are chemicals, oils, wastewater from ponds.

Keep Your Workplace Clean and Organized

What is 5S?
The 5Ss are Japanese words that start with letter S. But in the Philippines,
some thought of 5 English words that all begin with letter S which is equivalent to
these Japanese words; it is therefore necessary to remember the Japanese’ 5Ss.
What is important aside from retaining this into our minds is to make it part of our
daily habit.
Below are the 5Ss and their English equivalent:
5S’s is not simply a list of action items. It is an integrated concept of action, condition
and culture. The nature and implication of each S needs to be understood as follows:
1. SEIRI (SORT) is an ACTION to identify and eliminate all unnecessary items
from your workplace.
2. SEITON (SYSTEMATIZE) is an ACTION to put every necessary items in
good order.
3. SEISO (SWEEP) is an ACTION to clean your workplace thoroughly.
4. SIEKETSU (SANITIZE) is a CONDITION where high standard of good
housekeeping is maintained so that there is no dust and rust anywhere.
5. SHITSUKE (SELF-DISCIPLINE) is a CONDITION where all members
practice accordingly. It is a CULTURE.

HOW TO PRACTICE 5S?

SEIRI (SORT) means “take out unnecessary items and

dispose’
• Look around your workplace. Discover and
identify items which are unnecessary to your work.
Then, dispose all unnecessary items. “NEVER KEEP
ANYTHING WHICH IS UNNECESSARY TO YOUR
WORK.”

• If you cannot decide whether an item is necessary or not, put “DISPOSAL

NOTICE” with the data on the item and set item aside.

• After a period, say two months, check if someone has the item or not. If no one
needed the item, that means the item is not needed for your work.

SEITON (SYSTEMATIZE) means “Arrange necessary items in

good order to use”
  Make sure that all unnecessary items are eliminated from your workplace.
 Decide with your workmates which things to put when taking into account the
flow of your work. The principle is to put most frequently needed items close
to the user so as to minimize the movement of the person. Things which are
not so often used could not be placed slightly further away.
 It is necessary to make sure that everyone at your workplace knows what is
kept for efficient use. Make a list of things with location and put it in a locker or
cabinet. Label each drawer/cabinet to show what is kept in side.

SEISO (SWEEP) means “Clean your workplace”. There is a very

strong correlation between quality of products and cleanliness of
the workplace where products are manufactured. Accordingly,
SEISO (SWEEP) should be practiced every day, and sometimes,
even during the day. The following are suggested
for your SEISO (SWEEP) operation:

SHITSUKE (SELF-DISCIPLINE) means “Do things

spontaneously without being told or ordered.” It is to make
everyone practice 4Ss spontaneously and willingly as habit or
way of life. There is no other way to foster such culture than
practicing 4Ss regularly until such time when everyone
becomes fond of 5Ss.
To help such corporate culture conducive to 5Ss, the
following need to be emphasized: