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Module 5 - 2A (SLIDE)

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9 views49 pages

Module 5 - 2A (SLIDE)

Uploaded by

kishadizon021
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Objectives:

Understand comprehensively the elements and


compounds under Group 2A Family and their
pharmaceutical use.
Beryllium
Beryllos
Characteristics:
Glucinum
MOST toxic metal
Tends to replace Ca and Mg in the body
Element and compound have no medicinal use
Magnesium
Characteristics:
Second most abundant
intracellular cation
Used in research involving
photosynthesis for it is present in
plants specifically in chlorophyll.
Metal present in Grignard Reagent:
R-Mg-X
Magnesium
Mineral which magnesium found:
Talc, asbestos, meerschaum
Magnesite, Dolomite
Kieserite (MgSO4)
Uses:
Laxative
Depressant
Natural Ca-channel blocker
Identification Test
Biphosphate test: white crystalline ppt of magnesium
ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH4 PO4)
Hydroxide test (NaOH): white ppt. of magnesium
hydroxide which has the capacity of adsorbing color of
dyes w/ Titan yellow(produce a red lake) while with
p-nitrobenzene azo-resorcinol (blue lake)
Identification Test

Mg(OH)2

+ Titan yellow

Red lake
Hydrated Magnesium Trisilicate,
USP
Talc, talcum, purified talc, French chalk,
soapstone, steatite
Native hydrous magnesium silicate
Softest mineral
Smooth unctuous feel, free from grittiness
Use: clarifying agent
Magnesium Carbonate, USP
Magnesia
MgCO3
Forms:
Light - insoluble in water. fire estinguisher, cosmetics,
dusting powder, fireproofing and toothpaste.
Heavy - smoke suppressant and drying agent.
Uses:
Antacid
Saline laxative
Magnesium Citrate
Lemonada purgante, purgative lemon
Sour in taste with a lemon flavor
Uses:
Saline laxative
Magnesium Hydroxide, USP
Mg(OH)2
Milk of Magnesia, Magnesia Magma
Mg(OH)2 suspension in water (7-8.5%)
Uses:
Non systemic antacid
Magnesium Oxide, USP
MgO
Calcined magnesia
Undergone calcination - removal of CO2 from
MgCO3
Component of Universal Antidote
Uses:
Non-Systemic Antacid
Saline Laxative
Magnesium Sulfate, USP
Epsom salt
Antidote: calcium gluconate

Uses:
Saline laxative
Anticonvulsant
Anti-inflammatory
Antidote for barium toxicity
Calcium
Name derived from Calx
Ores: Limestone, Chalk, Stalactites and
Stalagmites, Dolomite, Gypsum, Fluorapatite
Yield many insoluble compounds and lead to
pharmaceutical incompatibility
Second most abudant extracellular cation
Calcium
Unionized Calcium
Bones and teeth formation (hydroxyapatite)
Ionized Calcium in the blood
Nerve impulse transmission
Muscle contraction
Cardiac function
Blood coagulation
Capillary and cell membrane permeability
Calcium
Calcium Deficiency:
Osteomalacia
Rickets
Osteoporosis
Remember:
 Vitamin D = promotes the absorption of Ca
 Vitamin C = promotes the absorption of Fe
 Vitamin E = promotes the absorption of Se
Identification Test
Flame test:
 Brick red flame
Identification Test
Oxalate test (K2C2O4): white ppt. of calcium oxalate
(CaC2O4) insoluble in acetic acid (CH3COOH)( which
is different from Ba and Sr).
Calcium Carbide
CaC2
Kalburo
Production of Acetylene and Calcium Cyanide
Calcium Carbonate, USP
CaCO3
Precipitated chalk, Prepared chalk
Tums®
Uses:
Antacid
Toothpaste
Dentrifices
Calcium Chloride, USP
Muriate of lime
CaCl2
Not the best salt for parenteral administration
Uses:
Systemic Acidifier
Electrolyte Replenisher
Relieves muscle spasm and pain from black widow
spider bites
Calcium Gluconate, USP
Most commonly used calcium salt as electrolyte
replenisher
Advantage over Calcium Chloride
Use:
Calcium Replenisher
Antidote for epsom salt toxicity
Calcium Hypochlorite
Ca(ClO)2
Chlorinated lime. chloride of lime, calx chlorinate,
bleaching powder
Use:
Disinfectant
Bleaching agent
Calcium Hydroxide, USP
Slaked Lime, Hydrated Lime, Milk of Lime,
Calcium Hydrate
Ca(OH)2
Use:
Saponifying agent
Antacid
Cavity liner (dentistry)
Calcium Phosphate
Bone ash
Antacid
Major component of bone
Product of cremation
Calcium Oxide
Lime, Quicklime, Calx, Apog, Burnt Lime, Calx
Usta
CaO
Component of Bordeaux mixture
Ingredient in Sulfurated Lime Solution
(Vleminck’s solution)
Calcium Sulfate, USP
Gypsum, terra alba
CaSO42H2O
Use:
Tablet diluent
Dried Calcium Sulfate, USP
Plaster of Paris, Exsiccated Calcium Sulfate, Calcii
Sulfas Exsiccatus
CaSO4H2O
Use:
Used in surgical casts and for making dental
impressions
Strontium
Named from an Scottish town
Has extreme reaction with water to produce
hydrogen gas.
It has the same relative abundance as carbon and
sulfur but does not occur in free form.
Strontium
Strontium behaves like Ca in the body, thus it is
dangerous because it can take up the calcium spot
in the bones
Used in industry of pyrotechnics (red signal
flame).
Sources:
SrCO3 (Strontianite)
SrSO4 (Celestite or Celestine)
Identification Test
Flame test:
 Crimson red flame
Identification Test
Biphosphate test (Na2HPO4, NH3 and NH4Cl): white
ppt of Strontion phosphate soluble in HCl and
precipitates back upon addition of NH 3 (difference
from Li+).

Sulfate test (H2SO4): white ppt of strontium sulfate.


Strontium Compound
Strontium chloride
 Tooth desensitizing agent
 Active ingredient in Sensodyne toothpaste

Sr-89 chloride injection


palliative for the relief of bone pain in patients w/
skeletal metastases)

Strontium Lactate
Treatment of Osteoporosis
Barium
“heavy”
Most chemically reactive among the alkaline earth
metal.
All Ba compounds i n soluble in water or dilute
acids are poisonous (Antidote: MgSO4)
Ore: Baryte
Barium
Toxicity by inhalation: Baritosis
Toxicity by ingestion: Muscle stimulating action
Antidote: MgSO4 and/or Na2SO4
Uses:
Salts are used in green pyrotechnics
Depilatory
Identification Test
Flame test:
 Yellowish green flame
Identification Test
Chromate test (K2CrO4): yellow ppt. insoluble in
acetic acid (difference from Ca and Sr).

Sulfate test (H2SO4): white ppt. of barium sulfate


which is insoluble in all acids
Barium Hydroxide, NF
Baryta water
Ba(OH)28H2O
Component of Barium Hydroxide Lime, NF
Barium Hydroxide Lime, NF
Mixture of Ba(OH)28H2O and CaOH may also
contain KOH
Uses:
Carbon dioxide absorber for anesthesia machines
Oxygen therapy and metabolic tests
Barium Sulfate, USP
Blanc fixe, permanent white, heavy white
BaSO4
Lithopone - contain ZnS and BaSO4
Use: Radiopaque contrast media for X-ray
imaging of GIT
Brand Names: Skraybart, Esophotrast, Tonopaque,
Prepcat
Radium
Radius
Discovered by Marie Curie
Radioactive element first isolated from
pitchblende ore
First radionuclide used in medicine
Use: Used as source of radiation for treating
cancer
Old unit radioactivity - Pierre and Marie Curie
SI unit - Becquerel

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