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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i1.10

ECG Signal Conditioning

Author
Ms Pushpa Gothwal
Assistant Professor, ECE Department (ASET), Amity University, Rajasthan (AUR) Jaipur, India
Email: [email protected]

Abstract
This paper presents the designing of real time ECG signal conditioning circuit. For designing the real time
ECG signal conditioning circuit need to understand the physiology of heart. For analysis the heart activity
a instrument is used, called as Electrocardiogram(ECG). It is widely used for diagnosis of heart diseases.
ECG recorded in 12 lead configuration using 10 electrode placed on the human body. This recordings are
often corrupted by motion artifacts, power-line interferences and other noises. The corrupted signal leads
to misinterpretation of data, which in turn causes very serious consequences as it leads to misdiagnoses of
dangerous disease. Hence the artifacts need to be suppressed by using the appropriate methods and a
conditioned signal is obtained. In this paper proposed a designed and tested circuit on hardware and
software to extract the real time ECG signal from the subject, This circuit also suppressed the artifacts
present in the ECG signal.
Keywords—ECG, heart, noise, artifacts etc.

[2]
Introduction .or it can also identify damaged heart muscle in
In recent trend due to unhealthy life style human specific areas,
health affected commonly. In this scenario more The ECG instrument cannot used to know volume
common factor observe is ECG to know the person of blood pump from heart to whole body, for this
wellness. The heart is vital organ of the body which ultrasound-based (electrocardiography) or nuclear
supply the blood to whole body so the monitoring of medicine tests are used. It is possible to be in
heart activity is very important. For that ECG cardiac arrest with a normal ECG signal (a
monitor were design, ECG is the medical instrument condition known as pulse less electrical activity).
that can measure the heart activity, and convert into Electro-cardiogram (ECG) is [4] one of frequently
the analog signal and present the data on ECG chart used and accurate methods for measuring the heart
paper. ECG signal will get from the body to place rate. ECG is a very expensive machine which is
the electrode at appropriate location of body or in used for the measurement of the heart rate. A Low-
limb lead configuration[1], ECG machine can cost devices also available in the form of wrist
measure the abnormal rhythms caused by damage watch or wrist band as well as in the mobile
to the conductive tissue or electrolyte imbalances application also providing this feature[5][6] to

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instantaneous measurement of the heart rate. These electrode in standard lead configuration on subject.
kind of devices can give accurate measurements but then it will pass to the buffer amplifier, it is used to
their cost is usually in excess of several hundred couple the output of the electrode to the input of the
dollars, making them uneconomical. Most hospitals instrumentation amplifier circuit to avoid loading.
and clinics in the UK use integrated devices The input signal in the amplitude range of mill volts
designed to measure the heart rate, blood pressure, is fed to the Instrumentation amplifier of gain 210.It
and temperature of the subject. Although such amplifies the difference between the inputs to the
devices are useful, their cost is usually high and first stage of instrumentation amplifier. The reason
beyond the reach of individuals. This paper behind using the difference amplifier is the common
describes the design of an low cost ECG monitoring mode noise cancellation. Here we have fed a
system which monitors ECG in 12 lead fraction of input to the upper stage as input to the
configuration and it can also be used to measure .the lower stage, but in actual ECG amplifier, these two
heart rate of the subject by further implementation points will be connected to two different points on
using micro-controller. the body of the patient. The amplified signal is fed
ECG signal is a very sensitive and weak electrical to the low pass filter of frequency range 0.5 Hz -
bio-signal in the frequency range of 0.05 to 100 Hz 100 Hz. It removes the high frequency noise. The
and amplitude of 20 to 40 mV.[9]. Real time ECG output of the low pass filter is then fed to the high
signal is impure and distorted with various internal pass filter of frequency range 0.5 Hz. It removes the
and external interferences. The internal interference low frequency noise. The signal obtained from the
mainly due to other moving organ in the body like high pass filter is fed to the main amplifier. The
lungs, kidney and liver. The external interference gain of the overall amplifier is 16. After
due to power line and other hight frequency signal amplification from the main amplifier get the
present besides the circuitry. Hence to enable us to rectified ECG signal without noise.
use this signal for diagnosis, further signal
processing is essential during which the artifacts are III Circuit diagram
removed. ECG is the very important diagnoses of The complete circuit diagram of the ECG signal
heart activity because heart is the vital organ of conditioning circuit is shown in figure 3, with the
body which is responsible to whole body working if help of two TL084 op-amp IC”, as its core
heart pumping will stop the person can died. The component. The TL084 is the low cost IC has the
figure 1 is the standard ECG waveform which will the quad op-amp and high CMRR. It is used for
give the information of heart chamber activity. If designing the Buffer amplifier (B1, B2),
the standard ECG waveform amplitude and instrumentation amplifier (B3, B4 and B5), Low
frequency will change means person having the pass filter(B6), high pass filter and main amplifier
heart problem. So the conditioning of ECG signal is designated as B7 , B8 respectively and also the right
must to analysis the heart activity. Therefore we leg drive circuit B9 to protect the human body.
designed ECG signal conditioning circuit using a
low cost IC.

II Block Diagram
The block diagram of ECG signal conditioning Fig. 1: Standard ECG waveform
mentioned in figure 2 is consists of the following
component viz buffer amplifier, instrumentation
amplifier, filter and main amplifier. Each block
having there own importance. First the signal collect
from the subject via shielded cable by placing the

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Fig. 2. Block diagram of ECG signal conditioning

IV RESULTS
The result of instrumentation amplifier and filter
observed on DSO is mentioned in figure 4 and 5
respectively. The figure 4 shows the ouptput of
instrumenation amplifier with noise in lead 1st
configuaration and figure 5 shows the filter ouput of
the same subject in lead 1 configuartion.

Fig. 4 Unconditioned ECG signal from the

Instrumentation amplifier

Fig. 3 ECG signal conditioning circuit in limb lead

1t configuration

V Conclusion
st
Fig. 5 Filtered ECG signal in limb lead 1 We successfully designed the ECG signal
configuration conditioning circuit at low cost for Lead 1, II and III
AvR, AvL, and Avf configuration. This circuit will
help to further designing of any heart beat monitor
and also able to record the electric heart activity in
12 lead configuration at low cost. For further getting
the better result without noise we need to
encapsulate the whole circuitry in box. And also use

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shielded cable to carry denoising signal from the 10. Nagendra H et al. “Application of Wavelet
body to the circuit. Techniques in ECG Signal Processing: An
Overview ” International Journal of
References Engineering Science and Technology
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2. G. Eason, B. Noble, and I.N. Sneddon, “On
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pp. 529-551, April 1955. (references)
3. Braunwald E. (Editor), Heart Disease: A Ms. Pushpa Gothwal currently
Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fifth working as an Assistant Professor in Amity
Edition, p. 108, Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders University, Rajasthan, from ASET(ECE
Co., 1997. ISBN 0-7216-5666-8. Department) Since 2012. In past she worked as an
4. Van Mieghem, C; Sabbe, M; Knockaert, D Assistant professor in Medicaps Institute of Science
(2004). "The clinical value of the ECG in no & Technology , Indore(Madhya Pradesh) for 2011
cardiac conditions” Chest 125(4):1561– to 2012. She received her B.E. degree in biomedical
76.Doi:10.1378/chest.125.4.1561.PMID engineering from Shree Govindram Seksaria
15078775. Institute of Technology and Science, Indore
5. "2005 American Heart Association (Madhya Pradesh) in 2008. She worked as a
Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resusc- Biomedical Engineer at Scientech Technologies Pvt.
itation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Ltd., Indore during June 2008 to July 2009. she
- Part 8: Stabilization of the Patient With completed her M. Tech. degree in Electrical
Acute Coronary Syndromes." Circulation Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology
2005; 112: IV-89-IV-110. Bombay(IITB). Her research interests include
6. R. Houghton and D. Gray., “Making sense embedded system design, biomedical
of the ECG”., Hodder Arnold Publishing’s instrumentation. and Diagnostic instrument design.
2003.
7. Forerunner 201/301 User Guide, web site:
http://www.grmin.com.
8. Pulsar heart rate monitors, web site:
http://www.heartratemonitor.co.uk.
9. David A. Bell, “Operational amplifiers and
linear ICs”, 2nd Edition, Oxford University
Press, 1997

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