Conic Section
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Conic
Definition
Sections Circles, ellipses, parabolas and hyperbolas
are known as conic sections because they
can be obtained as intersections of plane
with a double napped right circular cone.
Circle
A circle is a set of all points in a plane that are
equidistant from a fixed point in the plane. The fixed
point is called the 'centre' of the circle and the
distance from the centre to a point on the circle is
called the 'radius' of the circle.
The equation of a circle with centre (h, k) and the
radius r is
(x - h)² + (y - k)² = r²
Positions of Two Circles
Conic
Sections
Circles have zero common points
Or separate from each other
Circle touches externally
Circles intersect at two distinct
points
Circle touches internally
Zero common points
Or, one circle is inside of other
● A hyperbola is the set of all points in a plane, the difference of whose
distances from two fixed points in the plane is a constant.
Hyperbola ● The equation of a hyperbola with foci on the x-axis is x2/a2 - y2/b2 =1
Conic ● The two fixed points are called the 'foci' of the hyperbola.
● The mid-point of the line segment joining the foci is called the 'centre' of
Sections the hyperbola.
● The line through the foci is called 'transverse axis'.
● Line through centre and perpendicular to transverse axis is called
'conjugate axis'.
● Points at which hyperbola intersects transverse axis are called
Ellipse 'vertices'.
Parabola ● Length of the latus rectum of the hyperbola: x2/a2 - y2/b2 = 1 is 2b2/a
● • The eccentricity of a hyperbola is the ratio of the distances from the
centre of the hyperbola to one of the foci and to one of the vertices of
the hyperbola.
● A parabola is the set of all points in a
plane that are equidistant from a fixed
line and a fixed point in the plane. Fixed
● An ellipse is the set of all points in a plane, the sum of whose distances from two
line is called 'directrix of parabola. Fixed
fixed points in the plane is constant.
point F is called the 'focus'. A line
● The two fixed points are called the 'foci' of the ellipse.
through focus & perpendicular to
● The midpoint of line segment joining foci is called the 'centre' of the ellipse.
directrix is called 'axis'. Point of
● The line segment through the foci of the ellipse is called' major axis'.
intersection of parabola with axis is
● The line segment through centre & perpendicular to major axis is called minor
called 'vertex'.
axis.
● The equation of parabola with focus at ● The end point of the major axis are called the vertices of the ellipse.
(a, 0), a > 0 and directrix x = -a is ● The equation of ellipse with 'foci' on the x-axis is x²/a2 + y²/b2 = 1
y² = 4ax, where 4a is the length of the ● Length of the latus rectum of the ellipse x /a + y /b = 1 is 2b2/a
2 2 2 2
latus rectum ● The eccentricity of an ellipse is the ratio of distances from centre of ellipse to one
of foci and to one of the vertices of ellipse i.e., e = c/a
Conic Section
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