Reviewer: Introduction to Dance  Contemporary Dance: A combination of ballet, jazz,

and modern styles, focusing on fluid movements.

(Module 1)  Tap Dance: Dancers use special shoes to create
rhythmic sounds with their feet.
1. Dance

 Definition: Rhythmic movements of the body, usually

to music, used for expression or communication.
 Purpose: It can be art, a form of fitness, or a way to
Reviewer: PHF 243 Module 2 -
express cultural heritage. Dance and Fitness

2. Dancing 1. Origins of Dance

 Definition: The act of moving rhythmically and  Definition: Dance started as early as 8000 BCE with
expressively to music. cave paintings in India, and was depicted in Egyptian
 Fun Fact: The word "dancing" comes from the old tombs around 3300 BCE. Dance was used for rituals,
German word "danson," meaning "to stretch." entertainment, and celebrations, like for the Greek
god Dionysus.
3. History of Dance
2. Dance in India and China
 Origins: Dance started as early as 8000 BCE, seen in
cave paintings from India.  India: Rich dance tradition, limited by British colonists
 Egypt: Egyptians depicted dance in tomb paintings but revived after independence.
around 3300 BCE.  China: Has over 3,000 years of dance history, including
 Greek & Roman Influence: Dance became part of ceremonial and traditional folk dances like the dragon
rituals and entertainment, especially in festivals for and lion dances.
gods like Dionysus (Greek) and Bacchus (Roman).
 Asia: Dance in India has a rich history but was 3. European Social Dances
restricted during British colonization. In China,
traditional dances like the dragon dance are still  Definition: Social dances evolved from folk dances in
popular today. Europe, becoming formal ballroom dancing during the
 Europe: Folk dances in Europe evolved into ballroom Renaissance. Popular dances include the waltz and
dancing, becoming a popular social and court activity partner dances.
in the Renaissance.
4. Ballet Influence
4. Phases of Dance Education
 Ballet: Originated in the Renaissance, ballet is an art
Dance education focuses on developing skills such form with emotional storytelling. Over time, ballet
as: evolved, and modern choreographers, like Martha
Graham, deconstructed ballet to create new forms of
 Grace & Rhythm: Improving movement and posture. dance.
 Discipline & Confidence: Encouraging self-esteem and
teamwork. 5. Phases of Dance Education
 Self-Expression: Using dance to express emotions and
ideas.  Development: Dance promotes grace, posture,
discipline, and confidence. It improves mental, social,
5. Reasons Why People Dance emotional, and physical well-being.

 For Fun: Many dance for enjoyment or as a hobby. 6. Reasons Why People Dance
 As a Job: Some people make a living through dance.
 For Tradition: Dance is often used in rituals or cultural  Enjoyment: Dance brings happiness and fulfillment.
celebrations.  Profession: Some dance for a living.
 Rituals: Dance is often used in rituals, worship, and
6. Various Dance Forms celebrations.
 Socialization: Dance is a way to connect with others.
 Ballet: Uses music and movement to tell stories;
originated in Italy and France.
 Folk Dance: Traditional dances from a country's
culture, often tied to daily life and festivals.
Characteristics of a Good Dance
 Modern Dance: Rejects the strict rules of ballet,
focusing more on personal expression.
 Jazz: A lively, fun dance style that relies on creativity 7. What Makes a Good Dance?
and improvisation.
 Ballroom Dance: Partner dances that are popular in  Meaning: A good dance conveys emotions or tells a
social and competitive settings. story.
 Hip-Hop: A street dance style that evolved from hip-  Form: The organization of dance elements to create
hop culture. unity and flow.
 Pop Dance: A modern, energetic dance style tied to  Phrase: The smallest unit in choreography, forming
pop music. sections.
 Line Dance: A choreographed dance where dancers  Motif: A central theme that helps convey the meaning
move in rows or lines. of the dance.
 Festival Dance: Performed by communities to
celebrate their culture, often tied to festivals. 8. Key Dance Characteristics
  Unity: All parts of the dance are connected and flow 16. Spectacle
together.
 Continuity: Movements progress naturally and  Definition: Visual elements like costumes, props, and
smoothly. sets that enhance the dance performance.
 Variety: Using different movements to highlight the
theme.
 Transition: Smooth links between movements.
 Repetition: Important movements are repeated to
emphasize their significance.
 Climax: The peak of energy or emotion in a dance. Reviewer: PHF 243 Module 3
Lesson 1 - History and Nature of
Philippine Folk Dances
Major Elements of Dance 1. Philippine Folk Dance

9. Body  Definition: Traditional dances passed down through

generations, showcasing the culture, beliefs, and daily
 Definition: The body is the medium of dance, life of different Filipino ethnic groups.
expressing emotions and ideas.  Characteristics:
 Shapes: Body movements can be symmetrical o Reflects local customs and traditions.
(balanced) or asymmetrical (unbalanced). o Often performed during festivals, rituals, and
social gatherings.
10. Action o Accompanied by traditional music and
costumes.
o Example: Tinikling (mimics bird movements)
 Definition: Any human movement, including dance
steps, gestures, and facial expressions. and Pandanggo sa Ilaw (dancers balance oil
 Types: lamps).

o Locomotor: Moving from one place to 2. Ethnic Dance

another.
o Axial: Movement in one spot.  Definition: Dances specific to indigenous communities
or ethnic groups in the Philippines, reflecting their
unique culture and way of life.
11. Space
 Characteristics:
o Deeply rooted in rituals and traditions.
 Definition: The area where dancers move.
o Performed during ceremonies or special
 Aspects: Direction, size, level (high, medium, low), and
occasions.
focus.
o Example: Singkil (Maranao dance from
Mindanao) and Banga (Kalinga women
12. Time balancing pots).

 Definition: The rhythm and timing of movements. It 3. Traditional Dance

can be fast, slow, or have accents.
 Definition: Any dance passed down through
13. Energy generations, maintaining cultural heritage.
 Characteristics:
 Definition: How a dancer moves, whether powerful, o Can include folk, ethnic, and classical dances.
light, or flowing. Energy can show emotions. o Preserves cultural and historical context.
 Types: o Example: Binasuan (balancing glasses of
water) and Habanera de Jovencita (Spanish-
o Sustained: Smooth and controlled. influenced courtship dance).
o Percussive: Sharp and explosive.
o Vibratory: Shaking or trembling. 4. Key Dances from Philippine
o Swinging: Curved and relaxed movements. Regions
o Suspended: Held in the air or paused.
o Collapsing: Giving in to gravity.
Luzon:

o Idaw: Depicts a hunting ritual.

o Banga: Women balancing clay pots on their
Minor Elements of Dance heads.
o Idudu: Couples sharing childcare duties.
14. Music
Visayas:
 Definition: The accompaniment that sets the rhythm
and mood of the dance. o Tinikling: National dance, mimicking a bird’s
movements.
15. Costume o Kuratsa: A courtship dance in a waltz style.
o Itik-Itik: Mimics the movements of a duck.
 Definition: Special clothing, makeup, and accessories
worn for performances to convey characters or Mindanao:
themes.
 o Singkil: Represents a princess avoiding falling
trees during an earthquake.
o KiniKini: A royal walk showcasing elegance.
o Pangalay: Demonstrates graceful arm
movements, common in social gatherings.

5. General Classifications of
Philippine Dances

 Occupational Dances: Show movements from daily

work.
 Religious Dances: Performed during spiritual
ceremonies.
 Courtship Dances: Depict a man’s love for a woman.
 Festival Dances: Performed during special social
gatherings.
 War Dances: Depict combat or duels.

6. Characteristics of Philippine Folk

Dances

 Dancers usually stand apart with little body contact.

 Most dances involve pairs or couples.
 Hand movements and gestures are important.
 Most dances begin and end with a bow (saludo).

Importance of Philippine Folk

Dances
 Cultural Heritage: Helps preserve Filipino traditions
and cultural identity.
 Physical Benefits: Improves posture and body
coordination.
 National Pride: Promotes patriotism through
traditional arts.