L-7 CONTROL AND COORDINATION
Plant Hormones
In plants control and coordination is done by chemical substances called plant hormones or
phytohormones.
There are five main types of plant hormones. They are :-
Auxins, Gibberillins, Cytokinins, Abscisic acid and Ethylene.
i) Auxins :- help in cell division, cell elongation and
growth.
ii) Gibberillins :- help in growth of stem and branches.
iii) Cytokinins:- help in cell division, formation of fruits and seeds.
iv) Abscisic acid :- inhibits growth and affects wilting of leaves.
vi) Ethylene :- helps in flowering and ripening of fruits.
Movements in plants :-
Movements in plants are of two main types. They are :-Tropic movements and Nastic movements.
a) Tropic movements :- are directional movements towards or away from the stimulus and it depends
on growth. They are of different types like Phototropism, Geotropism, Chemotropism,
Hydrotropism etc.
i) Phototropism :- is movement of plants in response to light. If it is towards light, it is called
positive phototropism. Eg:- Bending of shoot towards light. If it is away from light, it is called negative
phototropism. Eg:- Bending of root away from light.
ii) Geotropism :- is the movement of plants in response to gravity. If it is towards gravity it is called
positive geotropism. Eg:- Downward growth of roots. If it is away from gravity it is called negative
geotropism.
Eg:- Upward growth of shoot.
iii) Chemotropism :- is movement of plant in response to chemical stimuli.
Eg:- Growth of pollen tube towards the ovule.
iv) Hydrotropism :- is the movement of plants in response to water.
Eg :- Growth of roots towards water.
PHOTOTROPISM GEOTROPISM
CHEMOTROPISM
b) Nastic movements :- are non directional movements which are neither towards or
away from the stimulus and it does not depend on growth.
Eg :- If we touch the leaves of touch me not plant, its leaves fold up and droops down immediately
due to the change in the amount of water in the leaves. Depending upon the amount of water in
the leaves, it swells or shrinks.
