BỘ ĐỀ READING – QUESTION

Esperanto is what is called a planned, or artificial, language. It was created more than a century ago by Polish eye
doctor Ludwik Lazar Zamenhof. Zamenhof believed that a common language would help to alleviate some of the
misunderstandings among cultures.
In Zamenhof’s first attempt at a universal language, he tried to create a language that was as uncomplicated as possible. This first
language included words such as ab, ac, ba, eb, be, and ce. This did not result in a workable language in that these monosyllabic
words, though short, were not easy to understand or to retain.
Question 2: According to the passage, Zamenhof wanted to create a universal language
A. to build a name for himself B. to provide a more complex language
C. to resolve cultural differences D. to create one world culture
Question 8: Which paragraph describes the predecessor to Esperanto?
A. The first paragraph B. The second paragraph
C. The third paragraph D. The fourth paragraph

Vocab:
A universal language: Ngôn ngữ phổ thông
a workable language: ngôn ngữ khả thi
Monosyllabic words: từ đơn âm tiết

Next, Zamenhof tried a different way of constructing a simplified language. He made the words in his language sound like words
that people already knew, but he simplified the grammar tremendously. One example of how he simplified the language can be
seen in the suffixes: all nouns in this language end in o, as in the noun amiko, which means “friend”, and all adjectives end in -a, as
in the adjective bela, which means “pretty”. Another example of the simplified language can be seen in the prefix mal-, which
makes a word opposite in meaning; the word malamiko therefore means “enemy”, and the word malbela therefore means “ugly”
in Zamenhof’s language.
Question 9: The passage would most likely be assigned reading in a course on
A. European history B. English grammar C. world government D. applied linguistics: ngôn ngữ học ứng dụng

Tremendously: vô cùng= extremely

In 1887, Zamenhof wrote a description of this language and published it. He used a pen name, Dr. Esperanto, when signing the
book. He selected the name Esperanto because this word means “a person who hopes” in his language. Esperanto clubs
began popping up throughout Europe, and by 1950, Esperanto had spread from Europe toAmerica andAsia.
Question 3: It can be inferred from the passage that the Esperanto word malespera means:
A. hopeless B. hope C. hopelessness D. hopeful

Question 4: The expression “popping up” in line 17 could best be replaced by

A. shouting B. opening C. hiding D. leaping
Vocab:
In 1907, the third World Congress of Esperanto took place inFrance, with approximately700 attendees from 20 different countries.
Congresses were held annually for nine years, and 4,000 attendees were registered for the Tenth World Esperanto Congress
scheduled for 1914, when World War I erupted and forced its cancellation.
Question 5: It can be inferred from the passage that the Third World Congress of Esperanto took place
A. in 1905 B. in 1909 C. in 1907 D. in 1913
Question 6: According to the passage, what happened to the Tenth World Esperanto Congress?
A. It had attendees from20 countries B. It never took place
C. It had 4,000 attendees D. It was scheduled for 1915
Vocab:
scheduled for: dự kiến
erupt: nổ ra, bùng nổ

Esperanto has had its ups and downs in the period since World War I. Today, years after it was introduced, it is estimated that
perhaps a quarter of a million people are fluent in it. This may seem like a large number, but it is really quite small when
compared with the billion English speakers and billion Mandarin Chinese speakers in today’s world. Current advocates would like
to see its use grow considerably and are taking steps to try to make this happen.
Question 7: The expression “ups and downs” in line 23 is closest in meaning to
A. tops and bottoms B. floors and ceilings
C. takeoffs and landings D. highs and lows
Question 10: The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses: đoạn văn sau đoạn văn
A. how current supporters of Esperanto are encouraging its growth B. another of Zamenhof’s accomplishments
C. the disadvantages of using an artificial language D. attempts to reconvene the World Congress of Esperanto in the 1920s

Question 1: The topic of this passage is

A. one man’s efforts to create a universal language B. how language can be improve
C. using language to communicate internationally D. a language developed in the last few years
Question 2: According to the passage, Zamenhof wanted to create a universal language
A. to build a name for himself B. to provide a more complex language
C. to resolve cultural differences D. to create one world culture
Question 3: It can be inferred from the passage that the Esperanto word malespera means:
A. hopeless B. hope C. hopelessness D. hopeful
Question 4: The expression “popping up” in line 17 could best be replaced by
A. shouting B. opening C. hiding D. leaping
Question 5: It can be inferred from the passage that the Third World Congress of Esperanto took place
A. in 1905 B. in 1909 C. in 1907 D. in 1913
Question 6: According to the passage, what happened to the Tenth World Esperanto Congress?
A. It had attendees from20 countries B. It never took place
C. It had 4,000 attendees D. It was scheduled for 1915
Question 7: The expression “ups and downs” in line 23 is closest in meaning to:
A. tops and bottoms B. floors and ceilings
C. takeoffs and landings D. highs and lows
Question 8: Which paragraph describes the predecessor to Esperanto?
A. The first paragraph B. The second paragraph
C. The third paragraph D. The fourth paragraph
Question 9: The passage would most likely be assigned reading in a course on
A. European history B. English grammar C. world government D. applied linguistics
Question 10: The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses
A. how current supporters of Esperanto are encouraging its growth B. another of Zamenhof’s accomplishments
C. the disadvantages of using an artificial language D. attempts to reconvene the World Congress of Esperanto in the 1920s

PASSAGE 2
 Many folk cures which have been around for centuries may be more therapeutic than previously suspected. A case in
point is that of penicillin Alexander Fleming did not just randomly choose cheese molds to study when he discovered this very
important bacteria-killing substance. Moldy cheese was frequently given to patients as a remedy for illness at one time Fleming
just isolated what it was about the cheese which cured the patients.
Vocabulary:
Around for centuries: nhiều thế kỉ qua
Therapeutic: tác dụng chữa bệnh tốt hơn = medicinal: y học
Previouly: trước đây nghi ngờ
Suspected: nghi ngờ
Pencillin= Antibiotic: a type of antibiotic (= a medicine that kills bacteria): một loại kháng sinh diệt khuẩn.
Substance: chất , vật chất
Modly cheese: phô mai mốc
Cure: chữa bệnh.
Remedy: phương thuốc
Bacteria: vi khuẩn

In parts of South America, a powder obtained from grinding sugar cane is used for healing infections in wounds and ulcers. This
usage may date back to pre-Colombian times. Experiments carried out on several hundred patients indicate that ordinary sugar in
high concentrations is lethal to bacteria. Its suction effect eliminates dead cells and it generates a glasslike layer which protects
the wound and ensures healing.
Vocabulary:
Powder: Bột
Grinding sugar cane: xay mía
Healing infection: chữa bệnh nhiễm trùng
Ensure heaking: đảm bảo lành vết thương
Wound: vết thương
Ulcer: vết loét
Be lethal to: gây tử vong cho
Suction= functionc: tác dụng
Eliminate: loại bỏ
Dead cells: các tế bào chết
Generate= create: tạo ra
A glasslike layer: lớp giống thuỷ tinh

Câu4: The word "eliminates" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. kills off B. disposes of C. excretes D. cleanses

Another example of folk medicine which scientists are investigating is that of Arab fishermen who rub their wounds with a
venomous catfish to quicken healing. This catfish excretes a gel like slime which scientist found to contain antibiotics coagulant
that helps close injured blood vessels, anti-inflammatory agents, and a chemical that directs production of a glue-like material that
aids healing.
Vocabulary:
Fishermen: ngư dân
Rub: xoa dịu
Venomous catfish: cá da trơn có nọc độc
Excrete /ɪkˈskriːt/: tiết ra
Coagulante /kəʊˈæɡ.jə.leɪt/ làm đông tụ
Blood Vessels” /ˈves.əl/ : mạch máu
Anti-inflammatory agent: chất chống viêm
 Help= aid: giúp
synthetic substances: chất tổng hợp
utilizion: sự tận dụng, sử dụng= using
destruction: sự phá huỷ
experimentation: thử nghiệm
manipulation: thao túng
blood clots: cục máu đông
To perpetuate= retain: duy trì
superstitions: sự mê tín

It is hoped that by documenting these folk remedies and experimenting to see if results are indeed beneficial, an analysis
of the substance be made, and synthetic substances be developed for human consumption.
Câu 1: This passage is mainly about ________.
A. isolating antibiotics in cheese, sugar, and slime B. antibiotics in the field of medicine
C. using folk medicines in place of modern medicines D. the validity of folk remedies and their use for advances in
modem medicine
Câu 2: The word "therapeutic" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. medicinal: y học B. traditional C. psychological: tâm lý D. physiological: sinh lí
Câu 3: It can be inferred from the Message that Alexander Fleming ________.
A. suspected medicinal properties of mold B. discovered moldy cheese
C. enjoyed eating cheese D. isolated infectious patients
Câu 4: The word "eliminates" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. kills off B. disposes of C. excretes D. cleanses
Câu 5: To the passage, ________.
A. bacteria feed on sugar B. sugar kills unhealthy cells
C. lass is formed from sugar D. sugar promotes healing
Câu 6: The gellike substance which promotes healing comes from ________.

A. Arab fishermen B. catfish bodies C. catfish venom D. coagulants

Câu 7: Which one of the following is NOT an important quality of the catfish slime?
A. It prohibits inflammation B. It stops bleeding C. It produces mold D. It fights bacteria
Câu 8: The word "consumption" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to________.
A. utilization B. destruction C. experimentation D. manipulation
Câu 9: In what way are cheese molds, sugar, and catfish slime similar?
A. They eliminate dead cells B. They heal wounds C. They fight bacteria D. They cause blood clots
Câu 10: According to the passage, why is it important to study folk medicine?
A. To perpetuate superstitions B. To advance modern medical practices
C. To experiment with synthetic substances D. To document cultural heritages.

Passage 3

Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking
and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there
was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810, a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing process
of canning. And in the 1850’s an American named Gail Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned
goods and condensed milk became more common during the 1860’s, but supplies remained low because cans had to be made by
hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines that mass-produced cans from tinplate.
Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year.
Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary their daily diets. Growing
urban population created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad
refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods.
Thus, by the 1890’s, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously
available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year. In addition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to
store perishables. As easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870’s, and by 1900 the nation had
more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes
and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920’s and 1930’s.
Vocabulary:
1. Spoilage: hư hỏng
2. Have fashioned : chế tạo thiết kế
3. Stamping machines: máy dập
4. Soldering machines: máy hàn
5. Mass- produced: sản suất hàng loạt
6. Tinplate: thiếc
7. Raise the product: tăng sản lượng
8. Perishables /ˈper.ɪ.ʃə.bəlz/: (n): sản phẩm dễ bị hư hỏng
9. City Dweller: /ˈdwel.ər/: cư dân thành phố
10. Icebox: thùng đá
11. Familate to= help: giúp
12. Made home deliveries: giao tận nhà
13. Frigde= refrigerator: tủ lạnh
14. Take advantage of: tận dụng

Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat mainly foods that were heavily in starches or
carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously unavailable
fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.
Question 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Causes of food spoilage B. Commercial production of ice
C. Population movements in the nineteenth century
D. Inventions that led to changes in the American diet
Question 2. The phrase “in season” in line 1 refers to________ .
A. a particular time of year B. a kind of weather C. an official schedule D. a method of flavoring
Question 3. During the 1860’s, canned food products were_________ .
A. unavailable in rural areas B. available in limited quantities C. shipped in refrigerator cars D. a staple part of the
American diet.
Question 4. It can be inferred that railroad refrigerator cars came into use_________ .
A. before 1860 B. before 1890 C. after 1900 D. after 1920
Question 5. The word” them” in line 12 refers to_________ .
A. refrigerator cars B.growers C. perishables D. distances.
Question 6. The word” fixture”in line 16 is closest in meaning to_________ .
A. commonplace object B. substance C. luxury item D. mechanical device
Question 7.The author implies that in the 1920’s and 1930’s home deliveries of ice_________ .
A. increased in cost B. occurred only in the summer C. decreased in number D. were on an irregular
schedule
Question 8. The word “ Nevertheless” in line 19 is closest meaning to_________ .
A. occasionally B. however C. therefore D. because
Question 9. Which of the following types of food preservation was NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Drying B. Chemical additives C. Canning D. Cold storage
Question 10. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?
A. Most farmers in the United States raised only fruits and vegetables.
B. People who lived in cities demanded home delivery of foods.
C. Tin cans and iceboxes helped to make many foods more widely available.
D. Commercial ice factories were developed by railroad owner
Passage 4:
It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species
is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species' death vary from situation to
situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a
species may not be adapted. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a
species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and,
ultimately, in the death of a species.

The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on
some occasions many species became extinct at the same time - a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass
extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass
extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died. Mass extinctions
can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many
species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of
Earth would drop, even affect organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.

One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense
every 26 million years. The periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the earth's orbit with a cloud of comets, but this
theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species
may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species' survival may have nothing to do with its ability or
inability to adapt. If so, some of revolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.

Question 1: The word "it" refers to _______.

A. species B. 99 percent C. extinction D. environment
Question 2: The word "ultimately" is closest meaning to _______.
A. exceptionally B. eventually C. unfortunately D. dramatically
Question 3: What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in Earth's history?
A. They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms.
B. They have caused rapid change in the environment.
C. They are no longer in existence.
D. They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.
Question 4: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as resulting from rapid ecological change?
A. Temperature changes B. Introduction of new species
C. Competition among species D. Availability of food resources
Question 5: The word "demise" is closest in meaning to _______.
A. recovery B. change C. death D. help
Question 6: Why is "plankton" mentioned?
A. To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and those that live in the ocean
B. To point out that certain species could never become extinct.
C. To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction.
D. To demonstrate the interdependence of different species
Question 7: According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that ____.
A. extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth's history
B. there has been only one mass extinction in Earth's history
C. extinctions on Earth have generally been massive
D. dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed
Question 8: The word "finding" is closest in meaning to _______.
A. research method B. ongoing experiment C. scientific discovery D. published information
Question 9: Which of the following can be inferred from the theory of periodic extinction mentioned in paragraph 3?
A. The theory is no longer seriously considered. B. evidence to support the theory has recently been found.
C. Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate. D. Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it.
Question 10: In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements about a species' survival?
A. It may depend on chance events. B. It reflects the interrelationship of many species.
C. It does not vary greatly from species to species D. It is associated with astronomical conditions.

It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been
said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this
remark is important.

Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place
anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that
takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent
to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain
predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how
little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term.
It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one's entire
life.

Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the
next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult,
use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the
alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being
taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political
problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding
the formalized process of schooling.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The best school teach a wide variety of subjects
B. Education and schooling are quite different experiences
C. Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework
D. The more years students go to school, the better their education is
2. What does the author probably mean by using the expression “children interrupt their education to go to school” (lines 2) ?
A. Going to several different schools is educationally beneficial.
B. School vacations interrupt the continuity of the school year.
C.Summer school makes the school year too long.
D. All of life is an education.
3. The word “bounds”in line 4 is closest in meaning to ___________.
A. rules B. experience C. limitsD. exceptions
4. The word “chance” in line 9 is closest in meaning to___________.
A. unplanned B. unusual C. lengthy D. lively
5. The word “an integral” in line 12 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. an equitable B. a profitable C. a pleasant D. an essential
6. The word “they” in line 16 refers to ____________.
A. slices of reality B. similar textbooks C. boundaries D. seats
7. The phrase “For example,” line 22, introduces a sentence that gives examples of _________.
A. similar textbooks B. the results of schooling
C. the workings of a government D. the boundaries of classroom subjects
8. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?
A. Without formal education, people would remain ignorant. B. Education systems need to be radically reformed.
C. Going to school is only part of how people become educated. D. Education involves many years of professional training.
9. The passage is organized by ___________________________.
A. listing and discussing several educational problems B. contrasting the meanings of two related words
C. narrating a story about excellent teacher D. giving examples of different kinds of schools
10. The writer seems to agree that...
A. Schooling is as important than education B. Education is not as important as schooling
C. Schooling is unlimited and more informal D. Education is more influential than schooling

Passage 2
The development of so-called keyhole surgery means that the surgeon’s knife may soon disappear altogether as it is
replaced by miniature cameras, microscopic scissors and staplers. Instead of making long cuts in the patient’s body, surgeons look
at the site through an “endoscope”, or operating telescope. This is passed into the body through a small hole that will barely leave
a scar.
As long as the operation is carried out skillfully by an experienced surgeon, keyhole surgery damages the patient far less
than a conventional operation. “Minimal access surgery is a real breakthrough,” says Alf Cuschieri, a leading endoscopic surgeon.
“I wish we’d developed it years ago. Not only does it reduce the trauma to the patient – it also means that we no longer have to
make major incisions to perform major operations.”
The viewing technology that allows doctors to see what is happening deep inside the human body has been borrowed
from the aerospace industry. Although in the 1960s flexible scopes were developed by technicians in order to check engine
interiors without them having to be taken apart, today’s endoscopes are not just simple tubes you can see through; they are
equipped with very small television cameras. An image of the operation – magnified eight times – is transmitted by the camera
onto a strategically placed TV screen. Doctors and nurses needn’t crowd round to look into the wound. Instead, they keep their
eyes on the screen with straight backs and plenty of elbow room. As surgeons cannot work in the dark, light is beamed into the
area of the body being operated on through optical fibres – strands of special glass, each as thin as a human hair, through which
light travels.
Keyhole surgeons hope that miniaturization will make it possible for patients to have their operations performed by
robots small enough to crawl through the patient’s body. Despite the fact that, until now, even the smallest robots have been too
large to be exploited in endoscopic surgery, in Massachusetts the Institute of Technology’s Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
Laboratory is working on ever-smaller miniature and microrobots. These robots could be used for filming, taking biopsy specimens
or on-the-spot analysis.
One of the most exciting future developments involves telesurgery, where doctors will operate by remote control. This
means that a patient can be operated on by two surgeons who are hundreds of kilometresaway from each other – and from the
patient.
Some believe that such techniques will have been perfected in the next ten years or so.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. How to operate an endoscope B. Different uses of optical fibres
C. Robots used in medicine in the futureD. How surgery can benefit from new technology
2. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?
A. Miniature camera B. Stapler C. Endoscope D. A human hair
3. What does the word “conventional” mean?
A. early B. small C. traditional D. convenient
4. According to the passage, which statement is true?
A. Keyhole surgery cannot be used in major operations.
B. Keyhole surgeons have to keep straight backs and should not enjoy plenty of elbowroom.
C. The smallest robots have long been exploited in endoscopic surgery.
D. The viewing technology that endoscopic doctors are making use of has been borrowed from the aerospace industry.
5. According to the passage, Alf Cuschieri______ .
A. is the father of keyhole surgery
B. wished that endoscopic surgery had been developed earlier
C. is a leading technician in telesurgery
D. is experimenting with microrobots operated by remote control
6. What was the main use of flexible scopes in the 1960s?
A. to check the inside of an engine
B. to see what is happening deep inside the human body
C. to film, take biopsy specimens or on-the-spot analysis
D. to transmit images onto a strategically placed TV screen
7. Compared to the original image, how large is the image ofthe operation transmitted by the camera onto a strategically placed
TV screen?
A. eight times reduced B. eight times enlarged
C. the same D. as many times at will
8. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about optical fibres?
A. they are strands of special glass B. they are equipped with television cameras
C. they are as thin as a human hair D. they can carry light into an area of the body
9. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED as one of the advantages of keyhole surgery?
A. rarely leaving a scar
B. making smaller incisions to perform major operations
C. allowing surgeons to work in the dark
D. damaging the patient far less
10. What can we expect for future surgery?
A. Surgery will be carried out by microrobots only.
B. Two patients can be operated at the same time.
C. The surgeon can operate on a patient from a distance.
D. Keyhole surgery will become successful.
PASSAGE 1.
A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker.
The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating
with a group or an individual and specialized communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through
choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the
language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody
of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a person's tone may indicate uncertainty or fright, confidence or calm. At
interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may believe them. Here the
participant’s tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue,
anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are .usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of
communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture. The motivation
derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to
create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.
Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person's self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-
image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a
few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding
behind an overconfident front. How a speaker perceives the listener's receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given
conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker. Emotional health is
evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and
lethargic qualities of the depressed.
Question 1: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The function of the voice in performance
B. Communication styles
C. The connection between voice and personality
D. The production of speech

Question 2: What does the author mean by staring that, "At interpersonal levels, tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and
above the words chosen" in lines 6?
A. Feelings are expressed with different words than ideas are.
B. The tone of voice can carry information beyond the meaning of words.
C. A high tone of voice reflects an emotional communication.
D. Feelings are more difficult to express than ideas.

Question 3: The word "Here" in line 6 refers to _____________.

A. interpersonal interactions B. the tone
C. ideas and feelings D. words chosen
Question 4: The word "derived" in line 13 is closest in meaning to ____________.
A. discussed B. prepared C. registered D. obtained
Question 5: Why does the author mention "artistic, political, or pedagogic communication" ?
A. As examples of public performance B. As examples of basic styles of communication
C. To contrast them to singing D. To introduce the idea of self-image
Question 6: According to the passage, an exuberant tone of voice may be an indication of a person's _______.
A. general physical health B. personality
C. ability to communicate D. vocal quality
Question 7: According to the passage, an overconfident front may hide _______.
A. hostility B. shyness C. friendliness D. strength
Question 8: The word "drastically" in line 14 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. frequently B. exactly C. severely D. easily
Question 9: The word "evidenced" in line 15 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. questioned B. repeated C. indicated D. exaggerated
Question 10: According to the passage, what does a constricted and harsh voice indicate?
A. Lethargy B. Depression C. Boredom D. Anger

PASSAGE 2

Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth.
For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada’s population passed the 20 million
mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase. The depression of the 1930s and the war had held back marriages,
and the catching-up process began after 1945. The baby boom continued through the decade of the 1950s, producing a
population increase of nearly fifteen percent in the five years from 1951 to 1956. This rate of increase had been exceeded only
once before in Canada’s history, in the decade before 1911, when the prairies were being settled. Undoubtedly, the good
economic conditions of the 1950s supported a growth in the population, but the expansion also derived from a trend toward
earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families. In 1957 the Canadian birth rate stood at 28 per thousand, one of
the highest in the world.

After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in 1966 it stood at the lowest level
in 25 years. Partly this decline reflected the low level of births during the depression and the war, but it was also caused by
changes in Canadian society. Young people were staying at school longer, more women were working; young married couples
were buying automobiles or houses before starting families; rising living standards were cutting down the size of families. It
appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the
Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.

Although the growth in Canada’s population had slowed down by 1966 (the increase in the first half of the 1960s was only nine
percent), another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children who were born
during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.
Question 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Educational changes in Canadian society B. Canada during the Second World War
C. Population trends in postwar Canada D. Standards of living in Canada
Question 2. The word “five” in bold refers to
A. Canadians B. years C. decades D. marriages
Question 3. The word “surging” in bold is closest in meaning to
A. new B. extra C. accelerating D. surprising
Question 4. The author suggests that in Canada during the 1950’s
A. the urban population decreased rapidly B. fewer people married
C. economic conditions were poor D. the birth rate was very high
Question 5. The word “trend” in bold is closest in meaning to
A. tendency B. aim C. growth D. directive
Question 6. The word “peak” in bold is closest in meaning to
A. pointed B. dismal C. mountain D. maximum
Question 7. The author mention all of the following as causes of declines in population growth after 1957 EXCEPT
A. people being better educated B. people getting married earlier
C. better standards of living D. couples buying houses
Question 8. It can be inferred from the passage that before the Industrial Revolution
A. families were larger B. population statistics were unreliable
C. the population grew steadily D. economic conditions were bad
Question 9. The word “it” in bold refers to
A. horizon B. population wave C. nine percent D. first half
Question 10. The phrase “prior to” in bold is closest in meaning to
A. behind B. since C. during D. preceding

PASSAGE 3

By far the most important United States export product in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was cotton, favored by the
European textile industry over flax or wool because it was easy to process and soft to tile touch. Mechanization of spinning and
weaving allowed significant centralization and expansion in the textile industry during this period, and at the same time the
demand for cotton increased dramatically. American producers were able to meet this demand largely because of tile invention of
the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793. Cotton could be grown throughout the South, but separating the fiber – or lint – from the
seed was a laborious process. Sea island cotton was relatively easy to process by hand, because its fibers were long and seeds
were concentrated at the base of the flower, but it demanded a long growing season, available only along the nation's eastern
seacoast. Short-staple cotton required a much shorter growing season, but the shortness of the fibers and their mixture with
seeds meant that a worker could hand-process only about one pound per day. Whitney's gin was a hand-powered machine with
revolving drums and metal teeth to pull cotton fibers away from seeds. Using the gin, a worker could produce up to 50 pounds of
lint a day. The later development of larger gins, powered by horses, water, or steam, multiplied productivity further.

The interaction of improved processing and high demand led to the rapid spread of the cultivation of cotton and to
a surge in production. It became the main American export, dwarfing all others. In 1802, cotton composed 14 percent of total
American exports by value. Cotton had a 36 percent share by 1810 and over a 50 percent share

in 1830. In 1860, 61 percent of the value of American exports was represented by cotton. In contrast, wheat and wheat
flour composed only 6 percent of the value of American exports in that year. Clearly, cotton was king in the trade of the young
republic. The growing market for cotton and other American agricultural products led to an unprecedented expansion of
agricultural settlement, mostly in the eastern half of the United States---west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the
Mississippi River.

1. The main point of the passage is that the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were a time when

A. the European textile industry increased its demand for American export products
B. mechanization of spinning and weaving dramatically changed the textile industry
C. cotton became a profitable crop but was still time-consuming to process
D. cotton became the most important American export product
2. The word "favored" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
A. preferred B. recommended C. imported D. included
3. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as reasons for the increased demand for cotton EXCEPT
A. cotton's softness B. cotton's ease of processing
C. a shortage of flax and wool D. the growth that occurred in the textile industry.
4. The word "laborious" in line 6 is closest in meaning to
A. unfamiliar B. primitive C. skilled D. difficult
5. According to the passage, one advantage of sea island cotton was its
A. abundance of seeds B. long fibers
C. long growing season D. adaptability to different climates
6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about cotton production in the United States after the
introduction of Whitney's cotton gin?
A. More cotton came from sea island cotton plants than before.
B. More cotton came from short-staple cotton plants than before.
C. Most cotton produced was sold domestically.
D. Most cotton produced was exported to England.
7. The word "surge" in line 14 is closest in meaning to
A. sharp increase B. sudden stop C. important change D. excess amount
8. The author mentions "wheat and wheat flour" in line 17 in order to
A. show that Americans exported more agricultural products than they imported.
B. show the increase in the amount of wheat products exported.
C. demonstrate the importance of cotton among American export products.
D. demonstrate that wheat farming was becoming more profitable.
9. The word "unprecedented" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
A. slow B. profitable C. not seen before D. never explained
10. According to the passage, the Mississippi River was
A. one of the boundaries of a region where new agricultural settlement took place
B. a major source of water for agricultural crops
C. the primary route by which agricultural crops were transported
D. a main source of power for most agricultural machinery
PASSAGE 1 :

The development of jazz can be seen as part of the larger continuum of American popular music, especially dance music.
In the twenties, jazz became the hottest new (3) thing in dance music, much as ragtime had at the turn of the century, and as
would rhythm and blues in the fifties, rock in the fifties, and disco in the seventies.
But two characteristics distinguish jazz from other dance music. The first is improvisation, the changing of a musical
phrase according to the player's inspiration. Like all artists, jazz musicians strive for an individual style, and the (8)improvise or
paraphrased is a jazz musician's main opportunity to display his or her individuality. In early jazz, musicians often improvised
melodies collectively, thus creating a kind of polyphony. There was little soloing as such, although some New Orleans players,
particularly cornet player Buddy Bolden, achieved local fame for their ability to improvise a solo. Later the idea of the chorus-long
or multichorus solo took hold. Louis Armstrong's instrumental brilliance, demonstrated through (14) extended solos, was a major
influence in this development.
Even in the early twenties, however, some jazz bands had featured soloists. Similarly, show orchestras and carnival bands
often included one or two such "get-off" musicians. Unimproved, completely structured jazz does exist, but the ability of (18) the
best jazz musicians to create music of great cohesion and beauty during performance has been a hallmark of the music and its
major source of inspiration and change.
The second distinguishing characteristic of jazz is a rhythmic drive that was initially called "hot" and later "swing". In
playing hot , a musician consciously departs from strict meter to create a relaxed sense of phrasing that also emphasizes (24) the
underlying rhythms. ("Rough" tone and use of moderate vibrato also contributed to a hot sound .) Not all jazz is hot, however,
many early bands played unadorned published arrangements of popular songs. Still, the proclivity to play hot distinguished the
jazz musician from other instrumentalists.
1. The passage answers which of the following questions?
A. which early jazz musicians most Influenced rhythm and blues music?
B. What are the differences between jazz and other forms of music?
C. Why Is dancing closely related to popular music in the United States?
D. What Instruments comprised a typical jazz band of the 1920's?
2. Which of the following preceded jazz as a popular music for dancing?
A. Disco B. Rock C. Rhythm and blues D. Ragtime
3. According to the passage, jazz musicians are able to demonstrate their individual artistry mainly by?
A. creating musical variations while performing
B. preparing musical arrangements
C. reading music with great skill
D. being able to play all types of popular music
4. Which of the following was the function of "get-off" musicians (line 16)?
A. Assist the other band members in packing up after a performance
B. Teach dance routines created for new music
C. Lead the band
D. Provide solo performances in a band or orchestra
5. Which two types of music developed around the same time?
A. jazz / rock B. dance / rhythm & blue
C. rock / rhythm & blue D. jazz / dance
6. Louis Armstrong was mentioned as an influential musician of ………………… .
A. "hot" or "swing" jazz B. chorus-long jazz
C. structured jazz D. soloing jazz
7. The word "consciously" in line 22 is closest in meaning to
A. carelessly B. easily C. periodically D. purposely
8. The word "unadorned" in line 26 is closest in meaning to
A. lovely B. plain C. disorganized D. inexpensive
9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?
A. "improvisation" (line 6) B. "polyphony" (line 10)
C. "cornet player"(line 11) D. "multichorus"(line 12)
10. The topic of the passage is developed primarily by means of
A. dividing the discussion into two major areas
B. presenting contrasting points of view
C. providing biographies of famous musician
D. describing historical events in sequence
PASSAGE 2: The Healing Power of Maggots

The healing power of maggots is not new. Human beings have discovered it several times. The Maya are said to have used
maggots for therapeutic purposes a thousand years ago. As early as the sixteenth century, European doctors noticed that soldiers
with maggot-infested wounds healed well. More recently, doctors have realized that maggots can be cheaper and more effective
than drugs in some respects, and these squirming larvae have, at times, enjoyed a quiet medical renaissance. The problem may
have more to do with the weak stomachs of those using them than with good science.
The modern heyday of maggot therapy began during World War I, when an American doctor named William Baer was
shocked to notice that two soldiers who had lain on a battlefield for a week while their abdominal wounds became infested with
thousands of maggots, had recovered better than wounded men treated in the military hospital. After the war, Baer proved to the
medical establishment that maggots could cure some of the toughest infections.
In the 1930s hundreds of hospitals used maggot therapy. Maggot therapy requires the right kind of larvae. Only the
maggots of blowflies (a family that includes common bluebottles and greenbottles) will do the job; they devour dead tissue,
whether in an open wound or in a corpse. Some other maggots, on the other hand, such as those of the screw-worm eat live
tissue.
They must be avoided. When blowfly eggs hatch in a patient’s wound, the maggots eat the dead flesh where gangrene-
causing bacteria thrive. They also excrete compounds that are lethal to bacteria they don’t happen to swallow. Meanwhile, they
ignore live flesh, and in fact, give it a gentle growth-stimulating massage simply by crawling over it. When they metamorphose
into flies, they leave without a trace – although in the process, they might upset the hospital staff as they squirm around in a live
patient. When sulfa drugs, the first antibiotics, emerged around the time of World War II, maggot therapy quickly faded into
obscurity.
1. Why did the author write the passage?
(a) because of the resistance to using the benefits of maggots
(b) to demonstrate the important contribution of William Baer
(c) to outline the healing power of maggots
(d) to explain treatment used before the first antibiotics
2. The word “renaissance” in line 6 is closest in meaning to
(a) revival (b) resistance (c) support (d) condemnation
3. According to the passage, William Bayer was shocked because
(a) two soldiers had lain on the battlefield for a week
(b) the medical establishment refused to accept his findings
(c) the soldiers abdominal wounds had become infested with maggots
(d) the soldiers had recovered better than those in a military hospital
4. Which of the following is true, according to the passage?
(a) sulfa drugs have been developed from maggots
(b) maggots only eat dead tissue
(c) bluebottles and greenbottles produce maggots
(d) blowfly maggots only eat dead tissue
5. The word “devour” in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(a) chew (b) clean (c) change (d) consume
6. The word “thrive” in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(a) prosper (b) eat (c) move (d) grow
7. The word “metamorphose” in line 22 is closest in meaning to
(a) disappear (b) grow (c) change (d) move
8. The word “they” in line 23 refers to
(a) flies (b) maggots (c) gangrene-causing bacteria (d) live patients
9. All of the following are true EXCEPT
(a) maggots come from eggs (b) maggots eat bacteria
(c) maggots are larvae (d) William Bayer discovered a new type of maggot
10. What can be inferred from the passage about maggots?
(a) modern science might be able to develop new drugs from maggots that would fight infection
(b) maggot therapy would have been more popular if antibiotics had not been discovered
(c) William Baer later changed his mind about the value of using maggot therapy
(d) sulfa drugs were developed from maggots

PASSAGE 3:

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the
assumption that drama evolved from ritual.
The argument for this view goes as follows.IN the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the
seasonal changes, as unpredictable, and they sought, through various means, to control these unknown and feared powers. Those
measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals.
Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites .As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the
stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.
Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music,
dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site hard to be provided for the performances, and
when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the "acting area" and the
"auditorium". In addition, there were performers, and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in
the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other
people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the
Sun as ab actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.
Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales (about the hunt,
war or other feats)are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then
through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are
primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitation of animal movements and sounds.

1.What does the passage manly discuss?

A. The origins of theater B. The role of ritual in modern dance
C. The importance of storytelling D. The variety of early religious activities.
2.The word they in line 4 refers to _____
A. seasonal changes B. natural forces C. theories D. human beings
3.What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph?
A. The reason drama is often unpredictable
B. The reason in which dramas were performed
C. The connection between myths and dramatic plots
D. The importance of costumes in early drama
4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common element of theater and ritual?
A. Dance B. Costumes C. Music D. Magic
5.The word "considerable" in line 13 is closest in meaning to_____
A. thoughtful B. Substantial C. relational D. ceremonial
6.The word "enactment" in line 14 is closest in meaning to_____
A. establishment B. performance C. authorization D. season
7.The word "they" in line 14 refers to____
A. mistakes B. costumes C. animals D. performers
8.According to the passage ,what is the main difference between ritual and drama?
A. Ritual uses music whereas drama does not.
B. Ritual is shorter than drama
C. Ritual requires fewer performers than drama.
D. Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not.
9.The passage supports which of the following statements?
A. No one really knows how the theater began
B. Myths are no longer represented dramatically
C. Storytelling is an important part of dance
D. Dramatic activities require the use of costumes
10.Where in the passage does the author discuss the separation of the stage and the audience?
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C .Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4

PARAGRAPH 4
Birds that feed in flocks commonly retire together into roosts. The reasons for roosting communally are not always obvious. but
there are some likely benefits. In winter especially it is important for birds to keep warm at night and conserve precious food
reserves. One way to do this is to find a sheltered roost. Solitary roosters shelter in dense vegetation or enter a cavity - horned
larks dig holes in the ground and ptarmigan burrow into snow banks - but the effect of sheltering is magnified by several birds
huddling together in the roosts, as wrens, swifts brown creepers, bluebirds and anis do. Body contact reduces the surface area
exposed to the cold air, so the birds keep each other warm. Two kinglets huddling together were found to reduce their heat losses
by a quarter, and three together saved a third of their heat. The second possible benefit of communal roosts is that they act as
"information centers." During the day, parties of birds will have spread out to forage over a very large area. When they return in
the evening some will have fed well, but others may have found little to eat. Some investigators have observed that when the
birds set out again next morning, those birds that did not feed well on the previous day appear to follow those that did. The
behavior of common and lesser kestrels may illustrate different feeding behaviors of similar birds with different roosting habits.
The common kestrel hunts vertebrate animals in a small, familiar hunting ground, whereas the very similar lesser kestrel feeds on
insects over a large area. The common kestrel roosts and hunts alone, but the lesser kestrel roosts and hunts in flocks, possibly so
one bird can learn from others where to find insect swarms. Finally, there is safety in numbers at communal roosts since there will
always be a few birds awake at any given moment to give the alarm. But this increased protection is partially
counteracted by the fact that mass roosts attract predators and are especially vulnerable if they are on the ground. Even those in
trees can be attacked by birds of prey. The birds on the edge are at greatest risk since predators find it easier to catch small birds
perching at the margins of the roost.
Câu 1: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. How birds find and store food
B. How birds maintain body heat in the winter
C. Why birds need to establish territory
D. Why some species of birds nest together
Câu 2: The word "conserve" is closest in meaning to
A. retain B. watch C. locate D. share
Câu 3: Ptarmigan keep warm in the winter by
A. building nests in trees
B. huddling together on.the ground with other birds
C. digging tunnels into the snow
D. burrowing into dense patches of vegetation

Câu 4: The word “ magnified” in line 6 is closest in meaning to.

A. combined B. caused C. modified D. intensified
Câu 5: The author mentions kinglets in line 9 as an example of birds that
A. protect themselves by nesting in holes B. usually feed and nest in pairs
C. nest together for warmth D. nest with other species of birds
Câu 6: The word “ forage” in line 12 is closest in meaning ro
A. rest B. fly C. feed D. assemble
Câu 7: Which of the following statements about lesser and common kestrels is true?
A. The lesser kestrel feeds sociably but the common kestrel does not.
B. The lesser kestrel and the common kestrel have similar diers.
C. The common kestrel nests in larger flocks than does the lesser kestrel.
D. The common kestrel nests in trees; the lesser kestrel nests on the ground.
Câu 8: The word “counteracted” in line 24 is closest in meaning to
A. shielded B. negated C. measured D. suggested
Câu 9: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an advantage derived by birds that huddle together while
sleeping?
A. Some birds in the flock function as information centers for others who are looking for food.
B. Staying together provides a greater amount of heat for the whole flock.
C. Some members of the flock warn others of impending dangers.
D. Several members of the flock care for the young.
Câu 10: Which of the following is a disadvantage of communal roosts that is mentioned in the passage?
A. Diseases easily spread among the birds.
B. Food supplies are quickly depleted.
C. Some birds in the group will attack the others
D. Groups are more attractive to predators than individual birds are.
PARAGRAPH 5

Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform. Some functions result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but
most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that supplies goods to the
city and to which the city furnishes services and other goods). Geographers often make a distinction between the situation and
the site of a city. Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding region, whereas site involves physical
characteristics of the specific location. Situation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is
well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is much more likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an
almost unparalleled situation: it is located at the southern end of a huge lake that forces east-west
transportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity, and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes. It also
overlooks what is one of the world’s finest large farming regions. These factors ensured that Chicago would become a great city
regardless of the disadvantageous
characteristics of the available site, such as being prone to flooding during thunderstorm activity.

Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation.
Philadelphia and Boston both originated at about the same
time as New York and shared New York’s location at the western end of one of the world’s most important oceanic trade routes,
but only New York possesses an easy-access functional connection (the Hudson-Mohawk lowland) to the vast Midwestern
hinterland. This account does not alone explain New York’s primacy, but it does include several important factors. Among the
many aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not, original location on a navigable waterway
seems particularly applicable. Of course, such characteristic asslope, drainage, power resources, river crossings, coastal shapes,
and other physical
characteristics help to determine city location, but such factors are normally more significant in early stages of city development
than later.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The development of trade routes through United States cities
B. Contrasts in settlement patterns in United States
C. Historical differences among three large United States cities
D. The importance of geographical situation in the growth of United States cities
2. The word “ingenuity” is closest in meaning to ………………… .
A. wealth B. resourcefulness C. traditions D. organization
3. The passage suggests that a geographer would consider a city’s soil type part of its………………… .
A. hinterland B. situation C. site D. function
4. According to the passage, a city’s situation is more important than its site in regard to the city’s
A. long-term growth and prosperity B. ability to protect its citizenry
C. possession of favorable weather conditions D. need to import food supplies
5. The author mentions each of the following as an advantage of Chicago’s location EXCEPT its……………….
A. hinterland B. nearness to a large lake
C. position in regard to transport routes D. flat terrain
6. The word “characteristics” is closest in meaning to ………………… .
A. choices B. attitudes C. qualities D. inhabitants
7. The primary purpose of paragraph 1 is to ………………… .
A. summarize past research and introduce a new study
B. describe a historical period
C. emphasize the advantages of one theory over another
D. define a term and illustrate it with an example
8. According to the passage, Philadelphia and Boston are similar to New York City in………………… .
A. size of population B. age
C. site D. availability of rail transportation
9. The word “functional” is closest in meaning to ………………… .
A. alternate B. unknown C. original D. usable
10. The word “it” refers to ………………… .
A. account B. primacy C. connection D. hinterland

PARAGRAPH 6

There are two basic types of glaciers those that flow outward in all directions with little regard for any underlying terrain and
those that are confirmed by terrain to a particular path.
The first category of glaciers includes those massive blankets that cover whole continents, approximately called ice sheets. There
must be over 50,000 square kilometers of land covered with ice for the glacier to qualify as an ice sheet. When portions of an ice
sheet spread out over the ocean, they form ice shelves.
About 20,000 years ago the Cordilleran Ice Sheet covered nearly all the mountains in Southern Alaska, western Canada, and the
western United States, It was about 3 kilometers deep in its thickest point in northern Alberta. Now there are only two sheets left
on Earth, those covering Greenland and Antarctica.
Any domelike body of ice that also flows out in all directions but covers less than 50,000 square kilometers is called an ice cap.
Although ice caps are rare nowadays, there are a number in northeastern Canada, on Baffin Island, and on the Queen Elizabeth
Islands.
The second category of glaciers includes those of a variety of slopes and sizes generally called mountain or alpine glaciers.
Mountain glaciers are typically identified by the landform that controls their flow. One form of mountain glacier that resembles an
ice cap in that it flows outward in several directions is called an ice field. The difference between an ice field and an ice cap is
subtle. Essentially, the flow of an ice field is somewhat controlled by surrounding terrain and thus does not have the domelike
shape of a cap. There are several ice fields in the Wrangell, St. Elias, and Chugach mountains of Alaska and northern British
Columbia.
Less spectacular than large ice fields are the most common types of mountain glaciers: the cirque and valley glaciers. Cirque
glaciers are found in depressions in the surface of the land and have a characteristic circular shape. The ice of valley glaciers
bound by terrain flows down valleys curves around their corners and falls over cliffs.

Câu 1:What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Where major glaciers are located. B. How glaciers shape the land.
C. How glaciers are formed. D. The different kinds of giaciers.
Câu 2:The word “massive” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. huge B. strange C. cold D. recent
Câu 3:It can be inferred that ice sheets are so named for which of the following reasons?
A. They are confined to mountain valleys.
B. They cover large areas of land.
C. They are thicker in some areas than in others.
D. They have a characteristic circular shape.

Câu 4:According to the passage, ice shelves can be found_________.

A. covering an entire continent B. buried within the mountains
C. spreading into the ocean D. filling deep valleys
Câu 5:According to the passage, where was the Cordillera Ice Sheet thickest?
A. Alaska B. Greenland C. Alberta D. Antarctica
Câu 6:The word “rare” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to______.
A. smallB. unusual C. valuable D. widespread
Câu 7:According to the passage, ice fields resemble ice caps in which of the following ways?
A. Their shape B. Their flow C. Their texture D. Their location
Câu 8:The word “subtle” in the fifth paragraph is closest in meaning to____.
A. slightB. common C. important D. measurable
Câu 9:All of the following are alpine glaciers EXCEPT_____________ .
A. cirque glaciers B. ice caps C. valley glaciers D. ice fields
Câu 10:Which of the following types of glaciers does the author use to illustrate the two basic of elaciers mentioned in line 1?
A. Ice fields and cirques. B. Cirque and alpine glaciers.
C. Ice sheets and ice shelves. D. Ice sheets and mountain glaciers.